US1691172A

US1691172A - Fuel injector for internal-combustion engines

Info

Publication number: US1691172A
Application number: US18381A
Authority: US
Inventors: Aage E Winckler
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1925-03-26
Filing date: 1925-03-26
Publication date: 1928-11-13
Anticipated expiration: 1945-11-13

Description

Nov. 13, 1928.,

A. E. WINCKLER FUEL INJECTOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES ed March 26, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Nov. 13, 1928. 1,691,172

A. E. WINCKLER EUEL INJECTOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed March 26, 1925 2 Shee -s t 2 Patented Nov. 13, 1928.

' UNITED STATES 1,691,172 PATENT OFFICE.

.AAGE E. WINCKLER, or MILWAUKEE, wrsoonsm.

FUEL INJECTOR FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application filed March 26, 1925. Serial N0. 18,881

engine. Another object is to provide an im-v proved construction in which packings, relatively to which the valve and its stem are movable, are avoided, so as to prevent any variation in the injection pressure as a result of variation in frictional retardation to the movement of the valve. Another object of the invention is to provide an improved construction in which provision is -made for readily and accurately adjusting the stroke of the valve to correspondingly vary the volume of fuelinjected. Other objects of the invention will appear from the detailed description.

The invention consists in the several novel features hereinafter set forth and more particularly defined by the claims at the conclusion hereof.

In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectionof a fuel injector embodying the invention and an internal combustion engine to which the injector is applied. Fig. 2 30 is a detail perspective of the pressure operated fuel valve. Fig. 3 is a detail section of the valve stem showing the ports through which the fuel is conducted from one side of the diaphragm to the other. Fig. 4. is a section of the fuel injector taken at right angles to Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a detail section through the connection with the fuel delivery plug and the sleeve secured to the valve stem. Fig. 6 is a section on line 6-6 of Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a section taken on line 7-7 of Fig. 4. Fig. 8 is a section takenon line 88 of Fig. 4. \Fig. 9 is a sectional perspective of the ring for clamping the margin of the diaphragm to the valve casing. Fig. 10 is a perspective of one section of the housing sur'rounding'thejup'per end of the valve stem and for supporting the adjustable stop forv the valve." Fig. 11 is a sectional perspective of the movable seat for the needle point on the valve. Fig. 12

stop is threaded.

The inventlon 1s exemplified in. a fuel injector D which isapplied to an engine is a perspective of the bushing to which the inder bprovidedwith an outer wall I) to form a water jacket 6 around the cylinder and a cylinder-head C which is secured to the cylinder casting by bolts 0. Head C comprises an annular or cylindrical wall a, Wlnch extends longitudinally into the cylinder 6; an inner end 07", which is inclined inwardly and upwardly and formed with an opening 0 a combustion chamber 0 formed 1n a Wall extending upwardlyufrom the end 9 and a cylindrical portion 0 in which the n ector D is secured.

The engine is of the four-cycle sleevevalve type and comprises an outer cylindrical sleeve-valve which fits in the cylinder 1) and an inner cylindrical sleeve valve 32 working between sleeve 25 and the wall 0 of the, cylinder-head C. These sleeves are operated from the engine shaft to control the admission of air to the cylinder and the exhaust of the products of combustion therefrom. Sleeve 25 is provided with a port adapted to register with the air-intake port 6 1n the cylinder 6 andwith a port 31 adapted to register withrthe exhaust port 19 Sleeve 32 is provided with an air inlet port 36 which is adapted to register with ports 30 and b to admit air into the cylinder every fourth stroke. Sleeve 32 is also provided wlth a port 37 which, during every fourth cycle 0 the piston, is adapted to register with the exhaust port 31 in sleeve 25 and with an exhaust port I) in the cylinder.

Packing rin s 0 are provided in the wall 0' of the cylin er head C to prevent the escape of fluid from the cylinder. A working p1ston b, connected to the crank shaft of the engineby means ofthe usual pitman (not shown), 1s mounted to slide in the sleeve 32. A tip 0 projects from the upper end of the piston and is adapted to enter the combustion-chamber 0 The cylinder-head C is water-cooled and is in communication with the water circulating in the water jacket 6'. The top closure for the water jacket in the cylinder head C is formed a head E which is fitted to the margin 0 the cylinder casting. A gasket e, held in a .-i'? marginal groove in the head E, is clamped downwardly by said head'and against the top of the cylindercastlng by a collar e which is screwthreaded to theupper end of the cylindrical extension 0 and. engages a ring a. Ring e is adapted to compress a gasket earound extension 0, to form a fluid-tight oint between r .E, enter sockets in the ring 6 to hold the,

latter against rotation, but permit it to be 8 jammed against the packing e" by the collar e, so that the-head E will be securely held on the cylinder casing.

Fuel injector D is removable and replace able as a unit and comprises a tubular casing d which extends and fits into the extension 0 of the cylinder head Q and is provided at its upper end with an outwardly extending flange d. A valve (1 for controlling the injection of fuel into the combustion chamber, comprises a stem portion (1? which is longitudinally grooved to rmit-fuel to flow to its point (21 which is apted to close a ainst a conical seat d in a nozzle (1. Tils nozzle is formed to spray and'separate the fuel as it is injected into the combustion chamber, as well understood in the art. Nozzle d is separately formed from. the easing at to permit its replacement in the event of wear, and for this purpose it is provided with a 'flange 03 which is clam ed against the lower end of the casing d y a sleeve 1 which engages said flange, fits around the lower constricted portion of easing d and is held to clamp said flange by an internally screw-threaded collar i which is threaded to'the casing and to the upper end of said sleeve so that the sleeve may be drawn upwardly'to clam the nozzle in place. faces of flange (i are tapered so that when they are clamped between the casing d and the sleeve 'd, afluid-tight' joint will be formed to prevent the escape of fuel around il if fa a his a 4 'a ra its ourmar' clamped betv db n the flange g; of @51 1 d and an annular member' which is removablysecured to said flange by bolts d The inner margin of said diaphragm is clam d between a' conoidal seat (i on anan ar shoulder or enlargement 49 on the valve stem and a tapered bearing surface (i formed on the lower end of a sleeve d which is movable with the valve. The sleeve d is forced into clamping relation with the diaphra by a nut 52 which is threaded to a-redd ded threaded up r portion 53 of the valve stem and is a apted to engage washers for compressing a packing gasket 51 against the upper end 0 sleeve A in its assigned position. Gasket 51 forms a fluid-tight joint which prevents the escape of fuel around the u per end of the valve stem.

A A chamber 48 is ormed adjacent the under a charge of fuel into the combustion. chamber. a

lock-nut 52' is adapted to secure the nut 52 Member al forms a housing for. a spring of, the force of which is applied to resist a the movement of the diaphragm until a pre-' determined pressure is reached in the fuel line. The upper end of this spring engages an inwardly extending flange al on member d" and its lower end engages an annular shoulder d 'on a collar a? which is screw zlireaded to the lower end of the valve sleeve Sleeve d is provided with an offset d in which is formed a conoidal seat (5 for a tapered plug d, which is connected by a flexi le pipe d to asuitable fuel pumping and metering unit, such, for example, as that set forth in my application filed May 25, 1925, Serial No. 32,550. This plug is removably held in said socket by a cap d which is threaded to the outer end of theplu and is adapted'to clamp a locating was er against the outer end of offset d".

A checksvalve 38, normally closed by a Spring 39, is mounted in plu J to prevent back flow; of fuel. A pug 39', which forms a fluid tight joint and a stop for valve 38, is, provided in the outer end of plug (1 A collar 76 is threaded to the plug d an is adapted to bear against one end of theoifset at to forcibly withdraw the plug from the sleeve (i when it is desired to disconnect the fuel'line from the fuel inector.

From the check-valve 38, the fuel passes into a chamber41 in plug (1 and thence downwardly through an inclined port 42 to an annular groove 43 in the valve stem A locating washer d is adapted to assure the alignment of the portions of thepassage way 42'. Valve stem is longitudinally grooved, as at 44, to conduct fuel to an annular groove 45 in the lower end of sleeve (i adjacent the top of the diaphragm d. An inclined cross-port 46 (Fig. 3) extends through the valve stem above the shoulder 49 and the diaphragm and downwardly diportion of port 46 to the chamber or space 48 below the diaphragm-d. Branch ports.

tudinally of the grooved portion d of t e,

valve'stem to the point d. of the valve and vergent ports 47 extend from the central the nozzle d; A- characteristic of this construction is that the connection between the fuel feed line and the valve, exemplified by thesleeve d, moves vertically with the valve the valve and thus correspondingly vary. the

pressure at whic injection occurs. Another characteristic is that the entire fuel line stem and, therefore, the movement of the .packings or.-stuf-.'

.from thepipe d" is descending, so that no 1 nov I the member d.

ring 64 by the .housin air bubbles will be trapped and the presence of a substantially solid incom ressible fuel column will be piesent at all times.

A coupling ring'64 is adapted to connect the entire injector unit to the collar 4? so that the injector may be uncoupled from and con led to the cylinder head C, as a unit. T is ring 64 is screw-threaded to ring 6* and has an annular shoulder 65 to bear against the flanged on the upper end of the casing d. Openings 66 are formed in the upper end of said "coupling ring for the insertion of a tool for turning it. A ring 67 is confined in the coupling ring 64 above a shoulder 68, so that when the in-- flange d, jams the casing (l downwardly 1n said extension tomaintain a fluid-tight fit between shoulder 73 and seat 74; This connection is made without relative rotation between the shoulder and said seat, because the valvecasing is held against rotation during the operation of the coupling ring in applying or removin the injector unit.

The upper end of t e valve stem is formed at to serve as an abutment to engage an adjustable stop screw 56 to limit the range of movement of the valve stem and correspondingly vary the volume bf the charge of fuel injected during each 0 ening of the .valve. Stop screw 56 1s threa ed to a sleeve or bushing 61 which is supported in and confined against vertical movement .b. a housing formed of

sections

57 and 57 The sections of this housing are removably secured together by bolts 58 and are formedadjacenttheir lower ends with an annular groove 59 to receive an annular rib 60 on This rib and groove connection removably supports the housing section. Ring 67 isconfined in the

coupling sections

57, 57. Bushing 61- is split an provided with a screw 61, sothat it may be clamped to the screw-thread 53 .on the valve stem to pre The bushingscrew 56 anu aleaf-spring '63 is ada ted'toenga e. the serrated ed es ofsaidxw eel to yieldingly hold itin tsassi'gnedposition an adjustment thereof. Thisadjustable stop evice for the injection valve is exter1orl disposed so that it is readily ad- .justab e at all times.

In operation, the charges of fuelpumped throng the pi d will be forced past check-valve 38 t rough chamber 41 and port 42 to. groove 43 in the valve stem. Thence,

the fuel will flow, around the grooved portion 44 of the valve stem and through the inclined cross-port 46 and the

ports

47, 47

to the chamber 48 from which it will flow through the groovediportion d of the valve stem to the nozzled. The fuel in chamber 48, when it is subjected to the predetermined pressure desired, will act a ainst the diaphragm d and against the orce of spring a? and open the needle valve to inject a charge of fuel into the combustion chamber of the'cylinder.

When it is desired to disconnect the in jector unit from the cylinder, it is only necessary toturn the coupling ring 64. The

rotation of this rin will act against washer 67 and forcibly wit draw the unit from the cylinder head C, without requiring the re-,

moval of the head E in which the water jacket isformed. In ,replacing the unit, the coupling ring will act against the flange d an force it into fluid-tight fit with the cylinder head at shoulder 73. and seat 74.

When the unit had been disconnected from thecylinder head, the nozzle (1? may be readily replacedwhen desired. The stroke of the injection valve may be readily varied byfirst loosening the screw 61 to render" the stop-screw 56 rotatable in the bushing 61- and then turning the thumb-wheel 62 to correspondingly adjust its lower end to or from the abutment 55 on the valve stem.

. which supports the stop screw, may be readily removed when desired by removing the.

bolts 58.

The injector described exemplifies one i which may be readily coupled to and uncoupled from a cylinder head; which may be readily assembled and disassembled; in which the valve moves with the connections which deliver fuel to it so that it will be possible. to avoid frictional retardation by use in'multi-cylind'er engines, in w i hth tion engines, thelcombination of an injecvalve-stem, and fuel delivering means con tion valve provided with a stem, a casing in which said valve-stem is slidably mounted for delivering fuel into the combustion chamber of an engine, means operable by the pressure of the fuel, for operating the valve, a sleeve disposed outside of the casing and extending around and fixed to move with the nected to the sleeve, and means forming a fuel passage between the sleeve and the valve for conducting fuel from the delivering means to the casing.

2. In a fuel injector. for internal combustion engines, the combination of an injection valve providedwith a stem, a casingin which said valve is movably mounted, for delivering fuel into the combustion chamber of an engine, a diaphragm operableiby fuel under pressure to operate the valve, a sleeve disposed outside ,of the casing and extending around and fixed to move with the valvestem,'a pipeconnection for deliveringfuel to the sleeve, movable therewith, and means forming a fuel passage between the sleeve and the valve for dehvering fuel from the sleeve to the casing. v

3. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the com ination of anLinjection 'valve provided with a stem, a casing in which said valve-stem is slidably mounted, for

delivering fuel into the combustion chamber of an engine, a diaphragm operable by the pressure of the fuel for opening the valve, means for securing the casing to the head of an engine, a sleeve disposed outside of the casing and extending around. and fixed to move with the valve stem, azspring around the sleeve foriclosing the valve, a

pipe connection for delivering fuel to the sleeve and means for delivering fuel from the sleeve to the casing.

4. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combination of an in'ection valve provided with a stem, a casmg in which said valve is slidably mounted, for delivering fuel into the combustion chamber of an engine,a diaphragm having its outer- I marg1n clamped to the casing, a sleeve fixedly held on the valve and clamping the inner margin of the d1aphragm to the valve-stem, and a connection for delivering fuel to the sleeve, the valve stem being provided with ports for conducting fuel from the sleeve to one side of the diaphragm to operate the valve, and a spring for closing the valve.

5. In a fuel injector for internalcombustion engines, the combination of an injection valve provided with a stem having a shoulder thereon, a casing in which said valve is movably mounted, for delivering fuel into the combustion chamber of an engine, a diaphragm having its outer margin clamped to the casing, a sleeve fixedly held on the valve and clamping the inner margin of the diaphragm against said shoulder, a connection for delivering fuel to the sleeve, the valve-stem being provided with ports for conducting fuel from-the sleeve to one side of the diaphragm to operate the valve, and

a spring for closing the valve.

6. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combination of an injection .valve provided with a stem, a casing in which said valve is movably mounted, for delivering fuel into the combustion chamber of an engine, a diaphragm, a member outside of said casing for clamping the outer margin of the diaphragm thereto, a sleeve fixedly held on the valve stem, a spring between the sleeve and said member for closing the valve, means 'for delivering fuel to the sleeve, and means for delivering fuel from the sleeve through the stem and diaphragm and into the casing for delivery into the combustion chamber.

7. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combination of an injection valve provided with a stem, a non-rotatable casing in which said valve is movably mounted, for delivering fuel into the combustion chamber of an engine, a coupling ring for securing the casing in a cylinderhead, and means whereby rotation of the ring will positively effect the withdrawal of the casing from the head.

8. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combination of an injection valve, a non-rotatable casing in which said valve is movably mounted, for deliver ing fuel to the combustion chamber of an engine, a coupling ring for securing the casing in a cylinder head, means whereby rotation of the ring will positively (affect the withdrawal of the casing from the head, comprising a shoulder on the coupling ring and a ring removably connected to the casing.

-9. In a fuel injector for inteifnal .combus-- tion engines, the combination of aninjection valve, a non-rotatable casing in which said valve is movably mounted, for delivering fuel to the combustion chamber of an en gine, a diaphragm, a member for clamping the diaphragm to the casing, a rotatable coupling ring for securing the casing if a cylinder head, and means wherebyrotation of the. ring will positively effect the withdrawal of the casing from the head, comprising a ring around said member and engaged by the coupling ring.

10. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combination of an injection valve'provided with a stem, a casing in which said valve-stem is movably mounted for delivering fuel to the combus tion chamber of an engine,a housing formed of laterally separable sections and supported by the casing, and an adjusting device outside of the casing for limiting the stroke of the valve, carried by the housing.

11-. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines the combination of an injec tion valve provided with a stem, acasing in which said valve-stem is slidably mounted, for delivering fuel to the combustion chamber of an engine, a diaphragm for operating the valve, a member for clamping the diaphragm onto the casing, a housing formed of laterally separable. sections and removablyvsupported by said member, and an adjusting device ,outside of the casing for limiting the stroke of the valve-stem carried by the housing.

12. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combination of an injection valve provided with a stem, a casing in which the valve-stem is slidably mounted for delivering fuel into the combustion chamber of an engine, a sleeve fixedly secured to said valve-stem and provided with an offset, means operable by the pressure of thefuel for opening the valve, means connected to supply fuel to the sleeve comprising a plug extending through said offset, and means for conducting fuel from .the sleeve to the casing. A

13. In a fuel injector for internal com bustion engines, the combination of an injection valve provided with a stem, a casing in which the valve stem is slidably mounted, for delivering fuel to the combustion cham ber, said valve-stem being provided with a shoulder, a diaphragm, means for clamping the outer margin of the diaphragm to the casing, a sleeve mounted around the valvestem, and means on the outer end of the valve-stem for clamping the sleeve to secure the diaphragm against said shoulder.

14. In a fuel injector for internal combustion engines, the combination of an in jection valve provided with a stem, a casing in which the valve stem is slidably mounted for delivering fuel to the combustion chamber, said valve-stem being provided with a shoulder, a diaphragm, means for clamping the outer margin of the diaphragm to the casing, a'sleeve mounted around the valve stem, means on the outer end of the valvestem for clamping the sleeve to secure the diaphragm against said shoulder, and a stopdevice accessible from the outside of the casing for engaging the end of the stem to limit the movement of the valve.

15. In a fuel injector for internal combus tion engines, the combination with a cyl' inder head provided with a cylindrical extension and a supplemental head. through which the extension passes, of a ring nonrotatably held on the supplemental head, a packing between said ring and supplemental head, a nut forforcing said ring towards the supplemental head, an injector comprising a casing and an injection valve therein, a coupling ring screw-threaded to the nonrotatable ring, and means for delivering fuel under pressure to the casing.

SLifned at Chicago, Illinois, this 24th day of arch, 1925.

AAGE E. WIN CKLER.