US1689847A - Television system - Google Patents

Television system Download PDF

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Publication number
US1689847A
US1689847A US190481A US19048127A US1689847A US 1689847 A US1689847 A US 1689847A US 190481 A US190481 A US 190481A US 19048127 A US19048127 A US 19048127A US 1689847 A US1689847 A US 1689847A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
light
prism
prisms
path
optical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US190481A
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English (en)
Inventor
Vladimir K Zworykin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL25679D priority Critical patent/NL25679C/xx
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US190481A priority patent/US1689847A/en
Priority to GB12952/28A priority patent/GB290245A/en
Priority to FR654076D priority patent/FR654076A/fr
Priority to DEW79345D priority patent/DE479173C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1689847A publication Critical patent/US1689847A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
    • H04N3/02—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by optical-mechanical means only
    • H04N3/08—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by optical-mechanical means only having a moving reflector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056—Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y10T74/18144—Overcoming dead center

Definitions

  • ATTORNEY men-ts 'thereof into a picture at the receiving4 produce such com was: zwom-fsm.' es swissvam, PENNSYLVANIA. "moisson :no 'vr-naviazio- ⁇ 'Wirsn srnijss rare 'Hoces mornin e moraornnnio commer; a con-nommen or' reinicia'.
  • AMy invention relates to picture-'transmis a plural-ity of lines in the-Sceneor in the resion systems and particularly to provisions prodiiced picture are traced during each for scanning the scene :it .the sendingstation revolution of the apparatus. and to provisions 'for re'combining the ele- It is a further obj-ect of my invention to und movement o station. ght path that its trace upon the scene, or on Many scanning and recombiningdevicesin the reproducing screen, will be a., spiral.
  • the scanning device may be ino-ved 'a common motor and -to provideadjustab e with a high rapidity-,although the movement means for causing the'speed-of rotation fof of the moving optical parts is only 'of modone of sai-d parts to differ from that of the etnie-speed. other by a controllable amount.
  • type-comprising rotating arts m which the Fig. 3 is espiral -illns'treting'the form of system can obtain the a' vantages' of com# thet'race of the light .path upon thesceneor pound lenses'. i upon the screen.
  • ⁇ ght path is caused tomake an angle lf witli Fig.-5 is a. front view and Fig. 6 is vaseosaid axis of rotation.- ion ofthe pri-soil shown near the middle of It is ⁇ a further object of my invention 'to Figa-i. lprovide means for varying'aforesaidangl'e.
  • FIG. 1 is a verticalsection through 'one Other objects of my invention Awill be ap# Fig..2 is a, vertiealsection through 'one forni Figa-4 is ii :diagrem illustrating the Opti-esl.
  • Figs is a front view ma rig.
  • '1o is a sestion of an assemblage of prisms constitu-ting a. modification of the yprism illustrated in' Figs. 4 to 6.
  • FIG. 1l is a-f'liagam illustrating the rela-- tion of the assembled prisms lto the spiral and tho effect-of the prisms.
  • Fig. I2 is a diag-fram illmstratinf.,7 the optical principles involved inthat form of the in vention which employs the prisms shown in Figs. 9 and 10,
  • Fig. 13 is an optical diagram illustrating a modrficatio'n m which reflectors are used 1nvstead' of refractl-ng prisms; Fig. 13 is a dlagrammatic section upon the line 13.-13 of The light after passi-ng through the' two prisms impinges 'upon a screen 6.
  • This may be a translucent screen, as illustrated, or it may be a. distant screen to be viewed by spectators in a room.
  • the prism 4 is mounted in the rotor 10 of a. motor, preferably of the squirrel-'cage type.
  • Ball bearings 11 are provided for accurately centering the rotor relative to the stator 12 and for preventing rictional resistance to its movement.
  • the rotor has a central opening lined by a steel Atube 13 in which-the prism 4 is mounted.
  • A. similar steel tube 1 4 in aliner-nent with the tube 13 carries the prism 5.
  • Thisjftnbe is sup orted by a suppleinen tal rotor 15 supported t rough ball bearings 16'in a h ub 17 ⁇ vhic h is magnetically 'continuous with the stator12.
  • the stator 12 is provided 'with the usual-wind 'ings for causing a rotating Held. y
  • the rotor 10 is preferably of the slotted type, withv sqnirrebcage conductors in the slots to ensure thatit will rotate in -synchronism with the rotating field established by the lwindings o 'f the-stator.-
  • the rotor -15 is preferably unslotted and receives but little torque directly from the rotating field through-the hub ⁇ 17. It does, however, receive a. torque by the magnet-ic drag between the telescoping portions 'of the tubes13 -and 14.
  • rl'he lens 30 is preferably an achromatic lens'.
  • the prism 31 is mounted in a rotor '32 justas the prism 4 is mounted in the rotor 10.
  • T he stator 33 is provided with a projecting huh 34 supportingr a second rotor 35 for' moving a -sec ond prism 3G as the prism 5 in Fig. lis moved.
  • the prism 3G is retarded by means of a conductingr disc 37 and an adjustable magnet 38 'corresponding to disc 18 and 4magnet 19 ⁇ in.
  • the prisms 31'and 3G instead 'of being provided with curved surfaces toact-as lenses, are ordinary 'prisms and the lens action is obtained by the lens 30.
  • the lens 40 4at the right of the prisms is optically .analogous tothe lens 2 in Fig. l. It may be adjusted by means of screws' 41 for correcting the focus.
  • a housing 42 which enclos'es the optical por- ⁇ ⁇ tion or' the apparatus is provided with an open end through which the screws 41 may bcreached for said adjustment.
  • a tht-'ngc 43 is provided at the right of the casing.,7 in order that the' apparatus which is pnt'in place after u the focusing performed 'shallbe definitely positioned.
  • the light-sensitive .apparatus which is to cooperate Awith thescannmg device 1s con tained in a housing one face of which abats again-st the flange '43, thereby fixing the dis tance of the apparatus from the lens 40 definitcly.
  • a small window 45 in the housing admits light from the lens 40 to the lightsonsit-ive apparatus.
  • 'll-he'xlighbsensitive appara-tus is represent ed as a photo-electriccell -46 combined with a. thermionie amplifier 47. be understood that the photorelectrc cell andthe amplifier can be separa-ted ifdesired and it will also be understood that. any other lighbsensitve. apparatus 'may 'be used if preferred.
  • the system by which the light #emittedfrom the lamp 1 is made to correspond inv intensityv to the illumination of the photo-I cell -46 l is not part of the present invention and,
  • the light supplied to the yreproducing apparatus is made to correspond to the illn. 'mination of the light-sensitive apparatus in the iight .finally reaches be considered as if it were a 'source of illumination, th imagmary light from said source will arrive at the point from -which'tlie real light actuallyV started- This principle will enable us .to de-- scribe the operation of Fig. 9. more convenientiy by tracing the li eht path backward, that is, by speaking as if the Windowl 45 were a source of light.v
  • the lenses 30 -end and the prisms 31 and 36 establish an optical path which at any instant connects some one point in the scene with the 'window 45 and so with the photo-cell 46.
  • the window 45 is at the -principal focus of the optical system comprising lenses 30' and 4.0.
  • the window 45 does not oever the Whole iield of these lenses but only one spot, which is so small, relative to the fied, that :it may be'iegarded as an element of 'the scene.
  • the path from the 'window 45 through Athe lenses would, if it' were not for the prisms 3i and 36, reach the center of the. scene.
  • the Aprisms 31 and 36 act to bend the path of light, whereby the window 45 is associated with a point at one side ot' the centerof the scene.
  • the tw@ prisms will not eontinue'tobe in the relative position illustrated in Fig. 2 and 'they will sooner o: later arrive at a relative position in which the diverting action of one vprism is ea-ctly opposite that'of the other. 'If the two divel-ting actions are equal, the resultant diversion of the 'light path is then zero and eiewinaow 45 ein be @prawny @seated n 'to the eenterof .the scene.
  • the ouh-nest whorl ofthe spinal will' correspond to the relative position illustrated in Fig'. 2 and the 'innermost Whorl or the-central point will 'correspond to the position in which there is minimum or zero diversion.
  • spiral traced hv the optical path from the center outward will not coincide with the next spiral traced in the same direction.
  • spiral traced during Aany one half-period of the relative rotation will correspond with a previous' spiral traced e. nm-nher ot periods of .the relative rotation earlier e'qual'to the denominator of the fraction exnressing the of revolution differs 4frornthe other.
  • the scanning device may be' made to explo-re the Whole picture. instead of merely espion-irrer certain imes.
  • the prism 31 produces' a deflection upward-and 'theprism 3G produces a deflection vobliq-u'ely upward and to the right, the actual position in the sc 'ene of the trace ofthe optical path is a spot at the lend',
  • the whorl's are nearly uniformly spaced. Near the center of the spiral, the spacing of the whorls is wider hut'here the spacing,r is also changing more rapidly.
  • the linearvelocity of the spot of light on the screen, 'or of the correspondingr area in the view is large.
  • the illumination of the lscreen by the moving spot of light while traversing unit length of arc near the outside of thespiral is therefore small.
  • the illumination 'of the Window 45 from that portion of the scenealong unit length of arc near the outside ofthe I spiral is small because that portion of the scene is traversed quickly.
  • the stator l2 Fig. 1 and the stator 33A in-Fig. 2 are preferably provided with curvrent, from a common source. The two motors will, therefore, rotate in synchronism.
  • the reproducing device is -a projector ofthe' stereopticon type, itwili reproduce the spiral upon the screen before the spectators.
  • .vvill In explaining the system illustrated in Fig. 4, they operation .vvill be described in terms ofthe projecting or 'recombining apparatus. It .is equally applicable to the scanning apparatus but mention thereof is, foi the most part, omit-ted to avoid confusion
  • the dotted lines vof Fig. 4 represent thi boundary of the light beam from the point 51 which corresponds tothe-opening in'thf screen 3 of Fig. 1.
  • the lenses 52 and 5 represent the action of the curved surfaces 0i the prisms 4 and 5. yThis action is accom plished by two separated lenses in order that lthe prism 56 ina-y be insert/ed' between them
  • the prisms 5ft land 55 correspond to 'the prisms 4 and 5 in Fig.
  • the rectangle 58 represents the' corresponding position for the lower half of the prism 56.
  • the action ofthe prism 56 brings the light which otherwise would reach the rectangle 57 into the 4central position 59 and the lower half of the prism 56 brings the light which would otherwise occupy the rectangle
  • the tivo positions 57 and o8 are,consequent 1y, made to occupy the same central position 59, but the whorl-arcs therein fdo not coincide.
  • the top of the picture, in botlrinstances, is at the 4top of Fig. 8.
  • the two rectangles 57 and 58 therefore, correspond'to two scam nings of the scene orto two reconihinations thereof which can be superposedwitbout pro ⁇ ducing lack of registry.
  • the overillumination inthe rectangle 57 is brought into thesame position as the underillumination in tlxe a 1ecta1igle ⁇ 58 and the overillumi nated part of the rectangle 58 is superp'osed lupon the less-illuminated part yof the rectangle 57.
  • JI lre prism 56 may be in-' sorted either between prism and lens 40 or betweentwo members of a. compound lens system equivalent tothe lens 40..
  • the lenses 30 and 40 form au image of the view on the Wa-ll'of the casing 44 contain? ing window 45', so the lenses 52 and 53 form on the screens at the right of F ig. 4;- an image of the landscape or other view.
  • 4.- to 8 provides -four complete scannings in such a cycle.
  • the number of lines traced 1n the picture for a single revolution of the pair of prisms when using Vthe system :illusts-1ted-4 in Figs. 4 to 8 is double the number obtained' by the system illustrated in Figs. l and 2.
  • .another 'example 4ofthis principle is illustrated in which,-ins'tead of one pair of prisms like the prism 56, three pairs are provided.
  • the siii: prisms may very conveniently 'be built as a unit. lOYillustrate this unit.
  • the glass member tral portion 71 which .is optically inactive'and si; Wedgdsliaped vI imrginal portions 72 which i provide the 'prisma'tic effect.
  • the prisms72 shall not cause the light to break :up into colors, they are corrected by coi-nbin- Figs. 9 and.
  • 70 comprises a lat'- cenxoo ies
  • the lamp 1 instead of varying its brilliance in accordance with the illumination at different points of the picture is of a steady brilliance, there may be substituted for the screen 6, a black and white picture; If the black and white picture-is a transpar-l ency, either the usual veinncgative or a lantern slide, the projecting apparatus will cause the different points of this picture to be illuminated in turn, and the light which emerges from the transparency will yary in intensity according to the density of the transpareneyat each point.
  • The'light rvliiclikemergcsmfrin the transparency may be collected hy a lens or a lens system and delivered to a smallphoto-electric cell or it may beA received upon a large photo-electric cell or cells Without being first collected. The current controlled by such.
  • photocell or photocells will then be like the current lcont-rolled by the photocell 46 -in F ig. 2, and may be used to control a. distant picturejreprod'ucing apparatus.
  • the black and white picture may be opaque,- and the photocell and lens system to'fbe controlled by the light from the lamp 1 will then be upon the same side of the piet-ure as the lamp 1 and will be aiected -by the light reflected 'from the picture.
  • light pas-ses over a dark part of. the picture the photocell will be dark, and'when the light y from the lamp 1 passes over a White part-of the picture, the p hotocell will'be illuminated.
  • Fig. 1 may be used as a picture-sending derice for either transparent or opaque black and white picturcs.
  • the pliotocell will be 'partly illuminated by the reflected light.
  • the reflected light may be received in a lens 'system to control a' small phot-occll, or a large phdtoeell or number ofv photoeells may be' used, as ⁇ with the transmitted light.
  • the onlyfmoving partsl are the prisms -83-and 84. Also in the simpler system illustrated in Figs.' 1 and 2,' the corresponding prisms 4, 5, 3 1 and 36 'are the onl in'oving parts.
  • the .system, th'erefore, has t e advan-vv the reproduction of the illumination througln" out the whole picture is very uniform.
  • an electric motor comprising a' stator anda hollow' ro tor, a second hollowv ro'torin alignment with .the first, opticalprisms, vone in each rotor with faces across thc-axes thereof and -means whereby the speed ofone rotorfwiil differ from thatof the other.
  • an electric motor eomprisinga stator and a hollow rotor,-
  • asecond hollow rotor in align-nient with 'the lirst, optical prisin s,one in ca-ch ⁇ ro-tor with faces across the axes thereof and a brake retarding one of said rotors.
  • pictures, .two light-defiecting devices means 5.
  • stati'onm'yl means for establishing an loptica lpath, light-deflect ing for establishing a second optical path continuous therewith and at an angle'thereto,
  • an optical instrument having a window, means including moving optical parts for :establishing anoptical path connecting vsaid window with - ⁇ areas lyingalong a spiral and station ary light-detleoting means cooperating with said.
  • a plurality of light-deflecting devi/ees arranged' .about an axis and eaehivso direotedas to deflect-lighttoward saidaxis .and means for producing a beam of light oblique to said axis and for dif recting'said beam upon each of said 4devices in turn'.
  • the resulting deflection is finite and a l-ura-li'ty 'of lighbdeflectinlfdm d about the line of said path and directed'to deflect light toward said line, each of said plurality having adetle'cting powerat least as greatest-he'difference of the detlecting'po'wcis 4oi" said pair' of deflectl ing devices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)
US190481A 1927-05-11 1927-05-11 Television system Expired - Lifetime US1689847A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL25679D NL25679C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1927-05-11
US190481A US1689847A (en) 1927-05-11 1927-05-11 Television system
GB12952/28A GB290245A (en) 1927-05-11 1928-05-02 Improvements in optical systems for the scanning or recombining devices of picture transmission or television systems
FR654076D FR654076A (fr) 1927-05-11 1928-05-10 Perfectionnements aux systèmes de télévision
DEW79345D DE479173C (de) 1927-05-11 1928-05-11 Optisches System zur Bildzerlegung und Bildzusammensetzung fuer Fernseh- und Bilduebertragungseinrichtungen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US190481A US1689847A (en) 1927-05-11 1927-05-11 Television system

Publications (1)

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US1689847A true US1689847A (en) 1928-10-30

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US190481A Expired - Lifetime US1689847A (en) 1927-05-11 1927-05-11 Television system

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Country Link
US (1) US1689847A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE479173C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR654076A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB290245A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL25679C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2571129A (en) * 1947-12-03 1951-10-16 Sperry Corp Scanning antenna system
US3226721A (en) * 1948-03-26 1965-12-28 Sperry Rand Corp Scanning antenna utilizing four rotary prisms to produce rectilinear scan and fifth rotary prism to produce conical scan
US3627429A (en) * 1968-08-14 1971-12-14 Spectra Physics Laser optical surveying instrument and method
US3704949A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-12-05 Rms Ind Inc Method and apparatus for personal identification

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2144873A (en) * 1983-08-12 1985-03-13 Fairey Eng Apparatus for scanning a laser beam
GB2186993A (en) * 1986-02-26 1987-08-26 British Nuclear Fuels Plc Viewing systems with variable field of view
CN115601755B (zh) * 2022-12-13 2023-03-14 广东小天才科技有限公司 扫描笔

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2571129A (en) * 1947-12-03 1951-10-16 Sperry Corp Scanning antenna system
US3226721A (en) * 1948-03-26 1965-12-28 Sperry Rand Corp Scanning antenna utilizing four rotary prisms to produce rectilinear scan and fifth rotary prism to produce conical scan
US3627429A (en) * 1968-08-14 1971-12-14 Spectra Physics Laser optical surveying instrument and method
US3704949A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-12-05 Rms Ind Inc Method and apparatus for personal identification

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE479173C (de) 1929-07-13
FR654076A (fr) 1929-04-02
NL25679C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB290245A (en) 1928-11-01

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