US1677818A - Up-draft process of and muffle kiln for firing - Google Patents

Description

July 17, 1928.

1,677,818 T. DOWNS UP-DRAFT PROCESS OF AND MUFFLE KI'LN FOR FIRING Filed Jan. 25, 1927 2 Stgjeets-Sheet 1 July 17, 1928.

T. DOWNS [JP-DRAFT PROCESS OF AND MUFFLE KILN FOR FIRING Filed Jan. 25, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet the fire-boxes and side-walls to the center Patented July 17 1928.

newssstarts PATENT orrice THOMASzDOWllTS, OF'SOMERSET, NEW JERSEY A priazha fled taxi-nar 25, 192-2 Seflai its. 63,419

This inir'entioi is: an improvmefit iii updraft process of and iniifiie kilns for fh'iiig which may be controlled while in regress men-g c In the pres nt.- for-ms of down-draft ihnflle kilns, there is a t ndency t6 sulphur the ware, even tinder the exercise (if the greatest skill and care in the progress or firing thekfln, I

One' object of my' present invent i611 is to overcome this tendency, by creating a more pure atmosphere within the). kiln, v

Another very important object of my iiiventi'on is to provide a kiln which has all of the advantages of the present kiln, end which o'vercome'sthei I'iumerous disadvantages. v

An important feature of this invefitior'i' is the method ofk'i'ln drying the wmeb circ'lilating heated air upward ahotit the sides and through the center of the kilii and reg'hlating said circulation. i

A still further object is to provide a kiln that can be fired uniro miy at top midtermm, which is Very essential iii firing Barge pieces of ware, such as's'ahitary earthenware WlllGl'l is very suseep'tible to (luhti r'rg when unclaimed.-

Another object istojpro lidea kiln which can be placedand replaced in a shorter period of time than the present well-known type of cro n-draft inn-fire kiln;

The chief reasoa for creatiiig a'li up dra'ft niiifiie-k'iln', instead ofa' down-draft kiln, is to secure a more pure heat, whereas with the clown-draft kiln it is more apt to sulphur the glaze oh the ware. ,What is meant by a mnfile-k-fln is aseparate lifting within the body of the ki-lri with space hetweeri' the body and theili'rlin'g I v Thtis, concerning, the kiln, have in mind to say v (1); The kiln isfl-roun'd and has a wireshap ct stack on top. V

('2) The kiln h"sf a doublecr'owh with a space between or draft and cooling, a'nd vent-holes in the upper crown and around the center stack, whichrans from the bottom of the kiln to the top of the upper crown.

(,3); There" are time running directly mm stac'k which dirt the sulphur and gas up ifito the eerie-shaped stack which creates the g'rea-terjjart of the draftand cooling.

(4) The (jester Stack is provided with a eta-napetone-o1 which enablesthe operator to advance thebottom heat or check it. In this way,- the kiln ,c'ar'ibe fired evenly top hottoih, which is very essential in firing large pieces of ware, such as sanitary ware, which are very susceptible to (l miting if under'fired, thus saving thousands of dollars worth of ware. I I a (5) It is niiderstood that this kiln will biirfi ceal, gas,- oil or any other fuel,

(6 Referring flirther to the tip-draft of this ihu'fie-kilfi, etiskeeps the kiln free from bad atmosphere, such as in downdrzr'ftkilns', which eausesztheglazetobetome poroiis or sulfihu'fd, givin it a poions or boiled fieet'.

,(7) The dam er may made with or without a hole the center; This c'e'liter hole allows passage enough to carry 0 E any sulphur and gas witho'iit advancing too much bott'or'ri heat. 7

(8) The fire-'loc'n'res areeqiiipped with air- Verits, admittirig s'ulfieierit oxygen to create a ppre heat.

A central stack-is provided through the center of the kiln, which extends upwardly from underground flues" radiating from this ce'ntralstack, which uhdergreiihd fines eX- t'encl to peripheral fire-boxes, which supply the heat thereto. Whehthe kiln is started in its heating operation, a (temper substantially closes the central stack which allows the heat to pass epwarcr from the fire-boxes aroirhd the liiiilig of the k'i-ln, which is spaced from the main, hotly thereof, ahd througha double crown, the ripper crown of which is provided with a plurality of openin s through which the heat passes into a cone-shaped stack, which serves to carry it off. This creates a circulation of' heat around the sides" and over the top of the kiln, but after it has been in op'era'tiofi for a period of time the" dam-per is changed so that the draft through the central stack and through the lines located heneath the kiln,

will overcome that of the peripheral litres and will tend to direct the heated curre'rit of air through the underground fines and central stack, which causes a more uniform distribution of heat over the bottom and sides of the kiln.

In the accompanying drawings:-

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the main body of the kiln;

Fig. 2 is a partial horizontal section taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a partial horizontal section taken on the line 33 otFig. 1.

As shown in Fig. 1, the cork or foundation for the kiln is indicated by the numeral 1, upon which is supported the main body portion 2 thereof. A plurality of fire-boxes 3 are provided about the periphery of the body portion 2, as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Any form of fuel may be used in these fire-boXes, such as oil, coal, etc. A substantiallypone-shaped stack 4 extends upwardly from the body portion 2 of the kiln.

A lining 5 is spaced apart from the body portion 2 of the kiln by means of piers 6. This lining 5 is seated upon the foundation 1, and is held in spaced-apart relation from the body portion 2. Extending inwardly from the lining 5 are a plurality of partitions 8, 9 and 10, which form underground flues therebetween. A tile floor 7 is mounted upon these partitions within the lining 5. The partitions are spaced apart, as shown in Fig. 3 to provide the radiating flues over the base of the kiln beneath the tile floor 7. At their outer ends these under ground fines extend to the bridge-walls 11 placed at the inner ends of the fire-boxes 3, which bridge walls are spaced apart from the lining 5, as shown in Fig. 1, so as to permit communication from the fire-boxes to the underground flues.

Passage-ways 12 extend through the piers 6 and connect the vertical lines 13, as clearly shown in F 2. A central stack 14 rests upon the partitions 8 and floor 7 and extends upwardly, communicating at its lower end with the underground flues formed be tween the partitions 8, 9 and 10.

The flues 13, which extend upwardly between the piers 6, communicate at their upper ends witha space 15 formed between upper and lower crowns 16 and 17, respectively, which are spaced apart to form this space 15. The upper crown 16 is provided with a plurality of openings 18 therein, to allow the heat to pass from this space 15 into the cone-shaped stack 4, whence it is discharged into the atmosphere. A ventilating chimney 19 extends upwardly from the lower crown 17 in spaced apart relation around the central stack 14 to provide an open space therebetween, to allow sulphur (if any should seep in) to escape, so as to avoid injury to the glaze.

A damper control 20 is located at the top of the central stack 14 for controlling the 3 bottom heat, to advance or check the same. A small opening 21 is formed in the center of the damper control 20 to carry off any sulphur fumes that might be present in the central stack 14. This damper control 20 is supported by means of rods 22 suspended from one end of a rock-arm 23, pivoted as I perature is obtained within the kiln to satisfactorily vitrify the ware. After the ware is placed within the kiln, the initial firing takes place. The damper control 20 is lowered over the end of the central stack 14, which substantially prevents any circulation of heat beneath and through the center of the kiln. Instead, the circulation of heat is from the fire-boxes through the'flues' 13 on both sides of the'piers 6 into the space 15 J between the upper and lower crowns 16 and 17. The heat passes from the space 15 through the openings 18 in the upper crown v I 16 into the cone-shaped stack 4, from where it is discharged into the atmosphere. This circulation of heat evenly distributes it around the sides and over the top of the kiln and may be continued, as desired, after which the damper control 20 is opened, thus creating a circulation of heat through the underground fines and central stack 14, which over-balances the circulation through the lines 13 and. space 15 in the double crown. Thus, the heating air passes from the fire-boxes 3 behind the bridge-walls 11 at the back of the fire-boxes, down behind the bridge-walls and between the latter and the lining 5, to, and through the underground fiues between the partitions 8, 9 and 10, to the center stack 14, as shown in Fig. 3. The heat passes through the latter and into the cone-shaped stack 4, whence it is discharged into the atmosphere.

This circulation of heat beneath the bottom and through the center of the kiln provides a uniform distribution of heat over the entire area of the kiln, thus preventing any dunting of the ware, until the heat has become intense enough to vitrity the ware.

I claim: 1. The method o-f'kiln drying ware in a kiln including circulating air upward about the sides and over the crown of the kiln, circulating air beneath the kiln and upward therethrough, and regulating and controlling the relative circulations about and through the kiln.

2. The method of kiln drying ware in mufile kiln including circulating air upward about the sides and over the crown of the kiln, circulating air beneath the floor of the kiln and upward through a central stack, and regulating and controlling the relative circulations about the side and through the central stack.

3. An updraft muflie kiln having a main body portion, a lining spaced apart from the body portion to provide circulating space therebetween for causing an upward circulation of heat about the lining, a stack for causing an upward circulation of heat from beneath the lining, and mean; for regulating and controlling the V circulation of heat through the stack and about the lining.

4. An updraft muflle kiln having a main body portion, a lining spaced apart from the body portion to provide circulation space therebetween for causing an upwardcirculation of heat about the lining, a stack for causing an upward circulation of heat from beneath the kiln, and means for regulating and controlling the circulation of heat about the lining by regulating the circulation of heat through the stack.

5. An updraft muflle kiln having a main body portion, a lining spaced apart from the body portion to provide heat circulating space therebetween, a double crown communicating with said heat circulating space, and having an outlet, a floor having radial fiues arranged therebeneath, a central stack extending upwardly from the floor through the kiln, a source of heat communicating with the radial flues, central stack, and heatv circulating space about the lining for causing an upward circulation of heat about the lining and through the stack, and means for regulating and controlling the relative circulation of heat about the lining and through the central stack.

6. A muflie kiln havin a main body portion, a lining spaced apart from the body portion to provide heat circulating space therebetween, a floor having flues arranged therebeneath, a fire-box arranged at the periphery of the body portion, and a bridge wall arranged at the inner end of the firebox in spaced apart relation from the lining to form a passageway between the fire-box to communicate with flues beneath the floor.

7. A mufiie kiln having a lining, a double crown arranged thereabove, a central heat circulating stack extending upwardly through the double crown, and a chimney connected with the lower crown and spaced around the central stack communicating with the interior of the lining.

8. A muffle kiln having a cone shaped stack at the top, a central stack, a doublearched crown, a chimney spaced around the central stack, and of less height than said stack, andmeans operating in connection with the upper end of the central stack for regulating and controlling the circulation of heat through the stack and crown.

9. A kiln of the character described including a base, a body portion extending upwardly from the base, a cone-shaped stack mounted upon the body portion, a lining arranged in spaced-apart relation from the body portion, forming flues therebetween, a plurality of peripheral fire-boxes arranged about the body portion of the kiln and communicating with said lines, a floor arranged in spaced-apart relation above the base, a plurality of partitions formed between the floor and base to provide a plurality of underground flues therebetween, a central stack extending upwardly from the floor and communicating with said underground fiues, a plurality of bridge-walls arranged at the inner ends of the fire-boxes in spaced-apart relation from the lining to form passageways between the fire-boxes and the underground 7 flues, upper and lower crowns formed in spaced-apart relation and forming a combustion chamber, said upper crown having openings formed therein for the escape of the products of combustion into the cone-shaped stack, a damper-control in position to be seated over the top of the central stack to substantially close the same,

said damper control having an opening therein for the escape of any sulphur fumes that might be present in the central stack.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

THOMAS DOWNS.

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