US1661042A

US1661042A - isaacson

Info

Publication number: US1661042A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1928-02-28
Anticipated expiration: 1945-02-28

Description

1,661,042 w. o. ISAACSON NAIL Filed Jan. 31, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet l n I y Feb. 28, 1928. 1.661.042

W. O. ISAACSON NAIL Filed $11. 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet Feb. 28, 1928 1,661,042

w. o. ISAACSON NAIL Filed Jan. 31, 1927 a 521w K n- 1116: 1 1

Patented Feb. 28, 1928.

ENETEQ S'E ATES 1,661,042 PATENT OFFICE.

'WILLIAE O. ISAACSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

NAIL.

Application flied Jan-aerial, 1927. Serial No. 164,790.

enough so as not to chip or disintegrate upon being struck a blow with a hammer or the like. Other objects will be in part bvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly comprises the elements and combination of elements, features of construction, and arrangements of parts "which will be exem )lified in the structure hereinafter describe and the sec e of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which are illustrated a preferred form of nail, and apparatus for treating it.

Fig. l is a side elevation of the apparatus, certain parts being shown in section;

2 is an enlarged fragmentary cross section taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged section taken on line 3U; P lg.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section taken. on line 4"4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of certain feeder dogs and Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross-section or the improved nail, showing structural deta ls.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

Referring now more particularly to Fig.

1 there illustrated at numeral 1 a mom able retortwhich is rotatably mounted on suitable rollers 3. This retort or furnace is adapted to be heated by gas or other means 4 as the retort rotates.

' "The retort I normally carries therein a quantitsof nails 5. These nails are formed of or less malleable material such as out wire or the like. They may in fact be forms-d of any malleable material such may subjected to hardening by quenching.

The quantity of nails 5 rests against a wall 2 at the lowerend of the retort, in

wh ch wall 7 are formed apertures 9 through which said nails 5 sift as the retort rotates. The na ls sift through the a ertures 9 while said nails are in their heute condition.

Below the lower open mouth not the retort 1 is positioned a closure 13. This closure maintained in alignment by means of suitable guide legs telescoping the retort and is adapted to be adjusted by means of a hand wheel 17 screwed to a supporting stem 19 held to said wall 7. The purpose of the adjustable closure 13 is to maintain a suitable annular opening 21 at the lower end of the retort l. As is evident the opening 21 may be adjusted so that a suitable quantity of heated nails will drop therfrom as the retort rotates.

' Below the mouth of the retort or furnace supporting framework 23' upon which is mounted a cooling trough or basin 25 of a more or less elongated shape, one end of which is juxtaposed near the lower end of said retort 1. This trough or basin 25 is provided at one end with an inlet 27 for supplying cooling water or oil or analogous fluidi- At its other end the basin 25 is provided with an overflow edge 29 from which leads a gradually sloping bottom 31 which joins with the flat bottom 330i the trough proper. The cool quenching liquid flows into the trough 25 from the inlet 27 and flows out of the trough 25 at the overflow edge 29, whereby a liquid level 35 is maintained in said trough 25.

Located at the upper portion of the trough 25, just. above the liquid level 35 are '0- cated a plurality of longitudinally arranged wires 37. These wires 37 are suspended in trolley fashion by means of suitable stiff hangers 39 (see Fig. 3). .The hangers 39 are joined to suitable cross arms 41 located at desirable intervals and joined to the sides of said trough 25. The wires 37 are of more or less stiff constructionand are spaced apart a distance suitable for supporting a nail by its head while the shank thereogf depends loosely between two of the wires.

At the righthand end of the trough 25 the wires 37 are soldered directly to the end 43. while at the left-hand end the wire ends 45 extend a short distance to the end of the rough and thereby form opemended guides. At said right-hand end of the trough 25,

each wire asses through one forkedelement 47 of a sha er grid 49. The forked elements 47 are moved relatively tothe wires in a manner to be made clear.

The shaker rid 49 comprises said pluralit of forked e ements 47, alternate elements of which have different elevations (see Fig. 2). The upper edges of the alternate elements have notches 51 cut therein in stag gered relationship. The purpose of the grid 49 is to receive heated nails from the retort 1 and to shake them down and guide them in such amanner that the nails will take suspended positions between the wires 37. The different elevations of alternate elements 47 and the staggered notches 51 result in the nails being caught in postion such that they do not tend to remain lying across any two elements (see Fig. 4).

The forked portions 53 of the elements 47 not only form passages for the wires as described but also form sloping tracks 59 which support the heads 61 of the nails and permit them to slide down on to the wires 37 (see Fig. 4). The elements 47 are assembled within a hopper shaped portion 63 which is slidably mounted over the trough 25. The slidable mounting comprises slides 65 moving on uides 67 associated with the trough (see i 2).

The sha r rid 49, including its hopper 63 is thus mova le with respect to the trough 25 and the wires 37. It is joined by means of connecting links 73 to slider members 69 o crating on guides 71 at the opposite end 0? the trough 25. The links 73 carry cross pins 75 which in turn rotatably support feeder dogs 76. The dogs on each pin 75 arejuxtaposed and extend cnd-to-end across the trough 25. Each dog 76-is provided at its lower end with sideward notches 77 which are adapted. to engage the wires 37. Between each pair of notches 77 is left a. tongue 79 adapted to engage behind the nail heads and to push the nails to the left whnthe pins 75 are reciprocated.

A reciprocating action is given to the framework including tlie grid 49, the trough 63, the connecting links 73 and the dogs 6 y means of a motor drive 81 geared to a jack shaft 83. The shaft'83 carries suitable cranks 85 from which thc said system is reciprocated by means of connecting rods 87.

The operation of the device is as follows:

The motor drive 81 is turned on, whereby the trough 63, grid 49, links 73, pin 75, and dogs 76 are reciprocated. A charge of nails is put into theretort land heated therein as the retort rotates. The mouth 21 of the retort may be closed during the first stage of the heating operation; The nails are brou ht up to a suitable temperature from whic they are adapted to be quenched for hardening purposes. A relatively cool quenching liquid is circulated through the trough 25 from the inlet 27. Temperatures that have been found satisfactory are about 1550 F. for the initial'temperature of the retort; then after inserting a charge of nails about 1600 for about 45.minutes; then (if carbonizing is desired) about 1600 for about. 45 minutes in the resence of a carbonizin medium; then coo ing to about 1500; then the nails are discharged from the retort.

, When the nails have been properly heated for the proper time, the cover 13 is retracted so that the opening 21 is formed at the lower end of the retort 1. This permits nails to be dropped on the shaking or reciprocating grid 49. The staggered relationshi s between the elements 47 and the notcies 51 cause the nails to positively descend so that they depend b their heads from the slopin guides 59. Tie hopper 63 ensures that al of the nails enter the grid 49.

The shaking or reciprocating action of the grid 49 results in the nails passing down to the wires 37 betweenwhich they become suspended b their heads 61, the shanks S, dependmg rom the wires and being positioned in the liquid carried by the trough 25. The positioning of the shanks in said quenching liquid results in the shanks of the nails being'hardoned by the quenching, while the heads, which are not in the liquid but on the wires are cooled more slowly and therefore become more malleable than the shanks. The shanks are hardened to such a. degree that they will'penetrate concrete, tile, stone and the like directly. During the cooling, heat flows from the heads to the shank thereby cooling the heads faster than would occur in ordinary 'air cooling. The heads are therefore hardened, but to a less extent I than the shanks. The heads are malleable enough that they do not splinteror chip when struck.

After the nails are suspended between the wires in the manner described, they are gradually pushed to the left because of the reciprocating action of the grid 49 in sup; plying nails to the wires. Each nail pushes the nail ahead of it and the grid forks push the last nail on the wires.

The purpose of the dogs 76 is to prevent ins any one nail from pushing too many nails ahead of it, as this would result in the nails becoming jammed on the wires. s the train of nails reaches the first set of dogs 76, these dogs take up the pushing action and soon for the successive groups of dogs.

By the time the nails reach the sloging portion 31 they are completely cooled, 0th '11] the. head and shank, the heads having cooled slowly, while the shanks cooled quick 3 The portion 31 causes the nail shanks to rag and the head portions to be pushed over theedge 29, where the overflow of quenching fluid is taking place. Suitable means are employed for, disposing and gathering the nails.

' memes It will he noted from Fig. 1 'that interme' diate slides and uides 70 and 74 respec" tively are provided for SliPPOltlllg the recip rocating members 73. or convenience in cleaning the trough a sump 26 is provided. for catching scale or dirt and the like. A cleanout 28 is provided at the lower end of the sump 26.

It is evident that the operation is continuous! automatic as long as nails are sup plie to the retort 1 and heated therein After the operation is once started the open in 21 of the retort need not be reclosed w en nails are charged in said retort because hot nails are used from the bottom of the retort as those at the upper end are heated.

In Fig. 6 is shown an enlarged section of a preferred form of the nail after treatment. The unthreaded shank S is hard and the head portion H is relatively malleable.

Q the restricted character of the opening 21,

results in nails being more or less equally distributed o er the width of the shaker grid 49. This e ual distribution may be :-1c complished or en anced by auxiliary distributing means located between the mouth of the retort 1 and said shaker grid 49.

It is further to be understood that the number of wires 37 used is not limited to the number of forked ortions 53 which are eniloyed. If the for s are flared out sidewardy to a greater degree, it is possible to have two or three wires run through each one This construction permits of the placement of nails between the wires in the manner rlcscribed and also will take care of any excess nails which may drop over the edge of the shaker grid without their sliding down the guides or tracks 59.

In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results at tained.

As many changes could be made in carrying out the above constructions without de parting from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter containedv in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as iilustrative and not in a. limiting sense.

I claim:

L The nail comprisin a cylindrical unthrcaded shank, a pointe portion at one end of said shank, said shank and said pointed portion being hardened to such a degree as to penetrate hard material such as set con crete, Without bending, a head portion on the other end of said" shank, said head portion being malleable whereby breakage is prevented when biows are applied thereto for driving the shank into said material, said head portion being formed integrally'with said shank.

2 The one-piece nail comprising a shank having an unthrcadcd surface, a pointed portion at one end of said she; it, said shank and said pointed portion being hardened to such a degree as to peneratc material such as set concrete, without bending, a' head. pen tion on the other end. of said shank, said head portion being malleable whereby hrealn age is prevented when blows are applied thereto for driving the shank into said matcriai.

3. The oneiece nail comprising a, shank having an unt ireaded surface, a point at one end of said shank and a driving head on the other end thereof, said nail being hard ened at least at said point and along; said shank to such a degree as to goenetrutehrate rial such as set concrete, without bending the shank when blows are iippiifitii thereto;

4. The one piece nail wm irising a shank havin an unthrcuded surface. a point at one end s:- said shank and a (wiring head on the other end thereof, said nail being hardened to such a degree as to penetrate material such as set concrete, without bending the shank when blows are applied thereto.

In testimony whereof, I. have signed my name to this spm-ification this 28th day of January, 1927.

WILLIAM (l. ISAAGSON.