US1631659A

US1631659A - Wall construction

Info

Publication number: US1631659A
Application number: US743539A
Authority: US
Inventors: Robert G Wallace
Original assignee: NAT FIRE PROOFING Co
Current assignee: NAT FIRE PROOFING Co; NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING Co
Priority date: 1924-10-14
Filing date: 1924-10-14
Publication date: 1927-06-07
Anticipated expiration: 1944-06-07

Description

June 7 1927 R. G. WALLACE WALL CONSTRUCTION 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet l Fild Cbt; 14

Riki

IWOR

' 1,6 1, 5 June 7, 1927. R. G. WALLACE 3 6 '9 WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Oct'. 14. 1925 2 Shee'bS-Shee: 2

INVENTOR YT] Patented June 7, 1927.

UMTED s-TArli-is OFFLCE.

ROBERT G. WALLACE, xor `BEN Avon, rENNsYLVeNI A, AssIGNoR NATIONAL man raoonrne COMPANY, or rirrsnnnen,IrENNsyLvANIm A1 "eonrom'rron' 'oF PENNSYLVANA.

WALL consmnncrlon. f

Application filed. October 14, 1924. Serial No. 743,539;

The present invention relates to wall Aconstructions and particularly to wall yconstructions embodying alternate. courses of main and stepped header tiles in combination with a facing of blocks, including courses of header blocks extending into the spaces between the smaller members of the `header tiles and the lower facesof the main tiles. In walls of .this character as heretofore constructed, the main tileshave embodied but a single thickness of wall at ,their inner and outer vertical sides, so .that in case .of the spalling ofif of one of said walls of the main ltiles by fire the whole wall structure would be liable Ato fall, and at any rate wouldy be beyond repair and would. have to `be torn down. An important rfeature of Athe present invention is. the provision 1n a wall construction ofxthis type ,of main tiles f embodying .cellular inner and outer side walls, each cellular side wall beingcomposed of two .parallel vertical webs spaced apart by transverse conn-ectingwebs, and stepped headertiles having spaced vertical webs-.in

vvertical alignment with the vertical webs` WVith this i of the sides of the main'tiles. construction, incase of fire .the web neXt .thefireof each inain tile and lof each :header .tilemay splall off without 'seriouslyendangerying th-e`stability of 4the wall structure because yeach Vmain and header tile willy `still `have remainingia single'fverticallweb atthe sidethereof nearest the/fire which will pre- Y vent thewall from falling. Furthermre,

. .ture ,more stable.

the .wall 'can later be repaired by simply plastering over the single-web;

. This cell and outer side walls of .the maintiles provides wider bedsfor themortar joints when the main tiles kare laid with their cells eX- l i tending verticallyand the mortar can flow, -into the cells and ,become keyed tothe-main tiles. This alsoitends tomake the wall structar joints -betweentthe lower faces fofj the header tiles and the upper main tiles can be made discontinuous, thereby rendering; the wall structure practicallyv Figure lar constructions of ',the inner- By yreason gof-l the cellu- Y lar construction of tthe inner and outerside wallsof themainptiles, the horizontal morend faces of the vention, the facing blocks beingy shown 1n elevation and the main-tiles being shown vpartly lin elevation and partly in section andthe main tiles. being laid on end;

Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1, the main tiles, however, being laid on the side and all ofthe tiles being shown in section;

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure l, 4.but showing the main tiles' of smaller size and a vslightly modified formf of header tiles for cooperation therewith;

Figure 4:is a view looking at the inner face of ,a wall constructed as shown either in Figure '1 or Figure 3 before the inner .coatingof plaster is applied, and

Figure 5 is an isometric View of one Of Athe main tiles.y

Ar'wallf'constructed in accordance with my invention consists of alternate courses of .main `tiles A, .steppedheader tiles B and in combination therewith a facing consistingof blocks. C and D, the blocks D form- -ing header courses which'extend ,intoy the spaces betwee'nthe lower faces of the main ',.walls, each of said side walls embodying parallel lvertical webs ,2 and y3 .spaced apart by transverseconnecting webs 4. The cellular side walls of thetile` are connected by `transversewebs 5 and y6 adjacent the ends of? the lcellular walls and by lany y*desired number ofnintermediatetransverse webs. 7. When a main ,tile isflaid with its .cells extending horizontally, asjshown in Figure 2, Ythe transversev webs 5, j6 and v7 extend horizontally. rl`he .cellular Yside Iwalls extend a slightdistance above lthe web' 5 and said ,web ,may beprovided with a rib 8 the upper lsurface of vwhich lies in substantially ,the saine horizontal 'plane as .the projecting en ,dls of ithefvcellulalr side wallsof ythe tile. Eachmain tile, inthe. largersizes, may have `a webl 9 intermediate: the cellularside walls and. parallel therewith and 'intersectingv the @transverse webs f5`,'61and `7 The rib 8 ylies 'directlyl over this web. steppedtiles maybe-provided with grooves .x10 instheir outer faces so lasfz to c'auseav betteradherence*of thefplasterand mortar to 1 is la transversevertical sectionalilgthe v*faces ofthetiles. 'It will be seen that They main and the intervening space is free of mortar. The

each main tile, as viewed in Figure 5, is of uniform rectangular cross section througlr out its height and has its top and bottom faces in planes at right angles to the side faces of the tile, the tile being in effect in the form of a right parallelepipedon; Furthermore, the spacing between the

vertical webs

2 and 3 of each cellular side wall is relatively small as compared with the spacing between the cellular side walls them selves. v

Each stepped tile comprises two members 11 and 12, the member 12 exceeding the member 11 in l'ieight and the tile being provided with a continuous bottom slab 13 common to the two members.

In the construction shown in Figure 1 the main tiles are laid with their cells extending vertically. It will be seen that each stepped tile has spaced

vertical webs

14, 15, 16 and 17 which are in vertical alignment with the

vertical webs

2 and 3 of the cellular inner and outer side walls of the main tiles. Each stepped tile also has a vertical web 1S in vertical alignment with the intermediate vertical web 9 of the subjacent main tile. Mortar oints 19 are provided between the lower face of each stepped tile and the upper ends of the cellular side walls of the subjacent main tile. A mortar joint 20 may also be provided between the lower face of each stepped tile and the upper end of the web 9 of each subjacent main tile. The

mortar beds

19 and 20 are discontinuous so that they do not form a through mortar joint between the lower face of a stepped tile and the upper end of the subjacent main tile or tiles.

The blocks C are spaced from the adjacent faces of the main and header tiles and blocks D of the header courses extend into the spaces between the smaller members 11` provided between the upper faces of the p larger members 12 of the header tiles and the lower faces of lthe main tiles. The mortar joints 227 23 and 24. are discontinuous. It

will be seen that the mortar at the joints 19,

22 and 23 flows into the cells between the vertical webs 2v and 3 of the main tiles and is thereby keyed to the main tiles. It will also be'seen that the mortar at the

joints

19, 20, 22 and 23 and at the joints 25 between the lower faces of the header blocks D and the upper faces of the smaller members 11 of the header tiles flows into the grooves 10 of the header tiles and is thus keyed thereto.

This keying of the mortar to the main and header tiles adds to the stability of the structure.

. The construction shown in Figure 2 differs from that shown in Figure 1 mainly in that the main tiles are laid with their cells ex,- tending horizontally. In this construction ymortar joints 26 are provided between the upper ends of the cellular side walls of the main tiles and the lower faces of the stepped tiles. Mortar joints 27 are also provided between the ribs 8 of the main tiles and, the klower faces of the stepped tiles. The mortar joints 26 and 27 are discontinuous and since the horizontal webs 5 of the main tiles are slightly below the upper ends of the cellular side walls and the upper surfaces ofthe ribs 3, horizontal channels 28 are formed between the upper ends of the side walls and the ribs 8 for receiving any moisture which may pass the mortar joints 26. Mor tar j oints 29 are provided between the upper faces of the members 12 of the header tiles and the lower faces of the main tiles, land mortar joints 30 are provided between the upper faces of the header blocks D and the lower faces of the main tiles. The mortar joints 29 and 30, however, are discontinuous since the header blocks terminate short of the vertical webs 1S of the header tiles. It will be noted that when the main tiles are laid with their cells extending horizontally the-

vertical webs

14, 15, 16 and 17 of the header tiles are in vertical alignment with the

vertical webs

2 and 3 of the main tiles the same as is the case when the main tiles are laid with their cells extending vertically;

The construction shown in Figure 3 differs from that shown in Figure 1 only inv that the main tiles are of smaller dimensions horizontally and the header tiles B are correspondingly Vmodified in dimensions. How-` ever the vertical webs of the header tiles in this modified construction are. in vertical alignment with the

vertical webs

2 and 3 of the main tiles.

In laying a wall of this character it will be understood that the main and header tiles will be laid so as to break mortar joints as is illustrated in Figure 4.

Vhile I have illustrated and described the lpreferred embodiment of my invention itv will be understood that the invention is not limited to the exact details of construction shown, but't'hat changes may be made therein within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim: Y A

1. A composite wall comprising a brick facing on the outer face thereof, formed of a plurality yof Stretchery courses between spaced header courses, and a backing formed of alternate courses of hollow main and header tiles, the header tiles having recesses into which the inner portions of the header bricks of the facing extend, there being a web in each tile in close proximity to and parallel with the outer wall of each tile, at the inner face of the wall structure and sufficiently close to said outer walls of the tiles and the inner plane of the wall, that if the outer walls of some of the tiles spall off, t-he load bearing portions of the tiles from the webs of the said spalled tiles to the faces of the tiles adjacent to the brick facing will be of sucient strength to support the load for which the wall was designed.

2. A composite wall comprising a brick facing on the outer face thereof, formed of a plurality of stretcher courses between spaced header courses, and a backing formed of alternate courses of hollow main and header tiles, the header tiles having recesses into which the inner portions of the header bricks of the facing extend, the bricks of the stretcher courses being spaced from the backing tiles to form an air space between said bricks and the tiles between the header courses, there being a web in each tile in close proximity to and lparallel with the outer wall of each tile, at the inner face of the wall structure and sufficiently close to said outer walls of the tiles and the in ner plane of the wall, that if the outer walls of some of the tiles spall olf, the load bear ing portions of the tiles from the webs of said spalled tiles to the faces of the tiles adjacent to the brick facing will be of sufcient strength to support the load for which the wall was designed.

3. A composite wall comprising a brick facing on the outer face thereof, formed of a plurality of stretcher courses between spaced header courses, and a backing formed of alternate courses of hollow main and header tiles, the header tiles having recesses into which the inner portions of the header bricks of the facing extend, the bricks of the stretcher courses being spaced from the backing tiles to form an air space between said bricks and the tiles between header courses, there being a web in each tile in close proximity to and parallel with the outer wall of each tile, yat the inner face of the wall structure and sufficiently close to said outer walls of the tiles and the inner plane of the wall, and a similar web adjacent to opposite walls of each tile that if the said walls 0f some of the tiles spall olf, the load bear f ing portions of the tiles from the webs to webs of said spalled tiles will be of sufficient strength to ysupport the load for which the wall was designed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

ROBERT G. 'WALLACE