US1456373A - Building block and construction - Google Patents

Description

May 22, 1923. A 1.456.313

J,HSENMANN BUILDING BLOCK AND CONSTRUCTION Filed March 19. 1920 4 Sheets-Sheet l Jofm/ [/uwMA/v/v May 22, 1923. A 1,456,373

JA EISENMANN BUILDING BLOCK AND CONSTRUCTION Filed March 19 1920 4 Sheets-Sheet .mlllllmllmm I 'www www i Afro@ ys May 22, 1923.

BUILDING BLOCK AND CONSTRUCTION Filed March 19. 1920 J. EISENMANN 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 May 22,l 1923. 1,456,373

J, EISENMANN BUILDING BLOCK AND C-QLNSTRUCTION Filed March 19. 920

4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Afro/wv; s

raienied May 22, 1923.

JOHN EISENMANN, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE MANELL BUILDING BLOCK & TILE COMPANY, 0F CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION 0F OHIO.

BUILDING BLOCH AND CONSTRUCTION.

Appimatioa mea Maren 19, 1920. serial 367,064.

To all whom 'it may concer/n.'

Be it known that I, JOHN EISENMANN, a citizen of the United States, resident of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Building Blocks and Construction, of which the vfollowing is a specification, the principle of the invention being herein explained and the best mode in which I have contemplated applying that principle, so as to distinguish it from other inventions.

The invention relates to hollow blocks for use inbuilding walls, and an object of the improvement is to provide a block of such dimensions, as compared with the dimensions of an ordinary, buildingr brick, that the block can be substituted for the same as a backing or inner lining or filling in a brick faced wall, so as to reduce the weight of the wall and at the same time form a better protection for the interior of the building against the action of the wind, frost, fire, water and other elements.

A more immediate object of the invention is to yprovide a block of such proportions that ma be used to form a" perfect bond, with loc ed and broken joints,-in any common standard brick faced wall laid up in regular courses, and requiring a six course English bond.

The objects of the invention are attained by making a standardblock with one bearing side formed in the saine plane the full width of the block, and with a full height or depth on one side equal to a certain number of courses, say three courses, of ordinary building brick as laid in a wall; and by forming a longitudinal offset in the other bearing side of the block, as deep as half the depth of one course of the brick.

The width of the block may be and usually is equal to the length of the ordinary brick, and the width of the offset may be and usually is equal to the width of a brick,

plus the thickness of a normal-mortar joint; thus making the width of the bearing face on the high side of the block equal to the' width of an ordinary brick.

One or more auxiliary blocks may be used with the standard blocks for lling a double faced wall, and for starting the bases and for finishing the tops of all kinds of walls; each auxiliary -block having a like offset in one bearing side and a like differential in the height or depth of the sides, one of the auxiliary blocks being preferably made with a maximum height of two and one half courses on its higher side, and

another one being preferably made with a height of one and one-half courses on its h1 her side. I

he standard and auxiliary blocks may also be made or broken to form stub blocks having a less width on the offset side, for use 1n building hollow walls and also for filling double faced walls of extra thickness.

Various embodiments of the invention, as used in the construction of walls having a six course English bond of ordinary brick, are illustrated in the accompanying drawings yforming part hereof, in which Figure 1 is a section of a brick faced, block backed wall, lined with three course standard blocks, showing the wall started with a one and one half course auxiliary block and finished with a two and one half course auxiliary block;

Fig. 2, a section of a double faced? brick wall with a filling made of three course standard blocks combined with two and one half course auxiliary blocks; y

Fig. 3, a detached` perspective View of a three course standard block;

Fig. 4, a like view of a two and one half course auxiliary block;

Fig. 5, a like view of a one and one half course auxiliary block; Fig. 6, a section of a brick faced, block backed wall, lined with three course standard stub blocks, showing the wall started with a two and one half course auxiliary block, and finished with a one and'one half course auxiliary block;

Fig. 7, a section of a double faced brick wall of extra thickness, filled with two and one-half course auxiliary stub blocks;

Fig. 8, a perspective view showing the. I

Eachstandard block` 10, is made with a height or depth on one side equal tothree full courses of the ordinary brick12, less the moieties of mortar joints above and below the block; and the other side 13, being made with a height or depth equal to two and one half courses of the ordinary brick 12, less the moieties of the mortar yjoints above and below the block.

The width or thickness of the base or body 14 of the block is equal to the stretcher length of the ordinary brick 12', and the depth of the offset 15 in the top of the block is equal to one half the depth of one course of the ordinary brick, including the moiety of one mortar joint; the width of the oifset 15 being equal to the header width of the ordinary brick, plus the thickness of a normal mortar joint.

.- VThe auxiliary blocks 16 and 17, are'made with a height or depth on one side, 18 and 19 "respectively, equal to two and one half and one and one half courses of ordinary brick, less the moieties of mortar joints above and below the blocks, and each auxiliary block is made with an offset in its upper side exactly like the ofset in the standard block; so that all the blocks are made in accordance with the same plan or principle, the only difference being in the relative heights or depths of the different blocks; and all the blocks are preferably made with a length equal to one and one half stretcher lengths of ordinary brick or three full header courses thereof, plus the intervening mortar joints, so that they may be set on enddin thebuilding of a wall as may be. desire The blocks are all referably made with upright partition we s 20, 20 and 20 in line with the offset `walls 21 in one of the bearing sides; and also with additional upright webs 22, 22 22, which may be located substantially midway between the offset walls and the inner walls of the blocks.

The standard blocks and the larger auxiliary blocks are also provided with trans-v verse partition webs 23 and 23, which are preferably located just above the median line 24-24 of the higher side of the standard block 10, and at the same distance below the top of the auxiliary block 16; so that the auxiliary block 17 may be formed by breaking off the lower portion of either one of the larger blocks just below the transverse partition; thus again illustrating the Vfact .v

that all the blocks are made alike in their oEset portions, the depth of the lower portions being varied in accordance with the exigencies of use.

The smaller auxiliary` blocks 17 may be formed in a brick machine, vbut are preferably made by breaking off the lower por- ,tion of the larger auxiliary blocks 16, on the line 24-24 just below the transverse partition 23 thereof; and for that purpose the upright webs of the larger auxiliary blocks may be weakened by forming the as shown in Fig. 4.

The standard and auxiliary stub blocks may be formed in a brick machine, or may be made by breaking off the outer side of the ordinary blocks just inside of the upright partitions 22, 22 and 22 thereof, so as to reduce the width of the stub block to about three fourths the width of the ordinary blocks, as-shown for the larger auxiliary block, in Fig. 9.

The standard stub blocks 1()a are preferablyformed double in a brick machine, as shown in Fig, 8,' and may be Wire cut on line 26-26 when emerging from the machine; or they may be broken apart on the same line after the double blocks have been dried and burned. The grooves 27 are preferably provided in the connecting partitions, to facilitate such a breaking of the double block. j

And the auxiliary stub blocks as 16a, are preferably made by breaking. off the outer side portion of the ordinary auxiliary blocks on lines 28, 28, as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5; and for this purpose the grooves 29 and 29 are preferably provided in the plane of these lines for weakening the transverse webs of the blocks.

It is evident that by breaking the ordinary larger auxiliary blocks 16 as described,

for making the smaller auxiliary blocks, andone half course auxiliary block 17 is used right side up when the wall is started with a single. base stretcher course of ordinary brick 12, as shown in Fig. 1; and the two and one half course auxiliary block 16 is used when the wall is started `with two stretcher courses of the ordinary brick 12, as shown in Fig. 2; and in each case the lower half of the first header row of the ordinary bricks 12 extends into the offset portion of the auxiliary block as shown in both figures.

In a wall with a single face of ordinary brick as shown in Fig. 1, the five stretcher courses of the face brick are laid in the usual manner, and these courses are backed by two standard blocks, the lower one being inverted so that its offset portion bears upon the inner end of the first course of header bricks 12 to make a bond therewith.

The same arrangement of blocks and in which levent a two and one half courseV Cil Finally,

auxiliary block 16 may be inverted with its oset portion upon one end of the last header course of the ordinary brick 12', thus permitting the use of a sill having the depth of two courses of bricks.

An ordinary brick may be laid with an interior hollow block filling by combining a reversed and `inverted auxiliary block 16, with a standard block 10, for filling the inside of each six courses of the ordinary face brick as shown in Fig. 2: and this arrangement ma be duplicated until the top of the wail is reached.' An extra thick .double faced wall may be laid with an interior hollow block filling, by using the larger auxiliary stub blocks'in sucessive normal, reversed and inverted arrangement, 'as shown in Fig. 7. an ordinary wall may be lined-with standard stub blocks, to form hollow air spaces 31, between`the face bricks and the backing blocks from one header course to another, as shown vin F ig. 6.

in all these arrangements of the blocks, when used either for backing or for filling a brick faced wall, it is evident that the'horizontal mortar joints are always broken; that is to say, the mortar joint between the bases of the superpOsed blocks are always located opposite the middle of the corresponding stretcher course of ordinary brick; and the' mortar joint between the offset ends of the blocks always come opposite the middle of the corresponding header or bond course of the ordinary brick in the face of the wall; so that there is always a break in the horizontal mortar joint between the courses of the bricks and the courses of the blocks, and in no case is there a horizontal mortar oint extending continuously through the' wail.

I claim:

1 A backing or filling block for brick walls, said block having the full width of one bearing side formed in the same plane, and an offset in the other bearing side corresponding to half the depth of one course' of the brick..

2. A backing or walls, one bearing side formed in the same plane, and an offset in the other bearing side correspondin to half the depth of one course of the bric the full height of the blocks being equal to the depth of a certain number of courses of the brick.

filling block for brick wall having two faces of.

said block having the full width of' 3. A backing or lling block for brick walls, one bearing side formed in the same plane, andan offset in the other bearing side corresponding to half the depth of one course of the brick, the full height of the block being equal to the depth of three full courses of the brick.

4. A backing or filling block for brick walls, said block having the full width of one bearing side formed in the same plane, and an offset in the other bearing side corresponding to half the depth of one course of the brick, the widthk of the bearing on the higher side of the block being equal to the header width of a brick.

, 5. A backing or filling block for brick walls,said block having the full width of one bearin side formed in the same plane and an offset 1n the other bearing side corresponding to half the brick, the width of the offset being equal to the width of the brick plus a normal mortar 'oint. v

J '6. A backing `or filling block for brick walls, said block having the full width of one bearing side formed in the same plane, and an offset in the other bearing side corresponding to half the depth of oner course of the brick, the width of the block corresponding to the stretcher length of a brick and the width of the offset being the header width ofthe brick plus the thickness of the mortar joint.

7. Wall construction comprising a face of bricks laid with single header courses between a plurality of stretcher courses, and a backing of blocks having one bearing side flat and an offset in the other bearing side corresponding to half the height of one course of the brick, the offsets forming a bond with the inner ends of the lbricks in the header courses.

8. Wally construction comprising` a face of bricks laid with single header courses between live stretcher courses, and a backing of blocks formedA and having one bearingl side flat and an Aoffset in the other bearing side corresponding to half the height of one course of the brick, the offsets forming a bond with the inner ends of the bricks in the header courses.

Signed by me this 1st day of March, 1920.

.JOHN EISENMANN.

said block having the full width of depth of one course of the,

three brick courses high,

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