US1572883A - Liquid-fuel burner - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 16 1926. 1,572,883

L. A. COCKLIN LIQUID FUEL BURNER Filed April 27 1925 Lem; Mama Patented Feb. 16, W26.

u iTEo sures LEWIS A. GOCKLIN, OF GBISWOLD, IOWA.

manna-roar. summit.

Application "filed c l-n 27, 1925. Serial No. 28,035.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEWIS A. COCKLIN, a citizen of the United States, residingat Griswold, in the county of Cass and State of Iowa, have invented certain new and'useful' Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to oil burners and more particularly to that class of burners of lliquid fuel for use in furnaces and stoves, and has for its objects, broadly, to provide a burner consisting of few and simple parts so that it may be manufactured economicall will be convenient in use, will be duw rab e and will be effective in providing a required degree of heat for all purposes with a minimum quantity of liquid fuel. One of the specific objects in view is to provide a burner of the class described g0 which will effectively vaporize the'fuel and" burn the, hydrocarbon without forming the objectionable carbon deposits on the burner or parts connected therewith. Another object is to provide such a construction that a pilot light will be maintained in "the burner.

Also as a safety feature the invention in- ,cludes means for the removal from the burner of any excess oil which might be conducted thereto.

39. With the foregoing objects in view and others. to be mentioned hereinafter, the invention presents a novel and useful construction, combination and arrangement of parts as described herein and claimed, and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it being understood that chan es in form, size, proportion of parts and mmor details may be made as foundfto be of advantage, said changes being'deterinined by the scope of the invention as claimed.

lnthe drawing, Fig. 1 is a view of the burner in longitudinal section, the section through the dame-spreader cap being on line 1--1 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a to plan view of the flame-spreader ca and ig. 3 is a bottom plan view of the cap.

Referring now to the drawin for a more particular description in wide like reference characters indicate like parts in the several views, ll provide an annular container 5, open at its top to operate as a vaporizing chamber or trough, its upright,

I outer, cylindrical wall being indicated at 6 and its bottom being indicated at 7 the innor annular. wall 18 of said container or trough being formed upwardly convergent to provide an air passageway or line 23 At 9 isindicated a pi .e for conducting oil or other liquid fuel rom any suitable source of supply to the annular chamber 5, 0 said pipe preferably traversing the bottom 7 and being provided with a'control valve 10, and at 11. is indicated a casting operating as an oil distributor, preferably having a wall 12 of concave-convex form and pro- $5 viding a conduit 13 in communication with the chamber and pipe 9.

The vaporizing chamber or the part thereof above the oil distributor is filled with any suitable material 1 1 which will not become injured by action of heat and will permit an upward movement of oil therethrough to the top of said chamber;

Numeral 15 indicates a spreader-ca hav- 'i'ng a diameter greater than that of t e upper part of the convergent flue, said cap being provided with wings 16 having extensions 17 which project outwardly beyond the circular edge of the cap, While I have shown four of these wings, any suitable number may be used, each being providedwith a shoulder 18 for a seating on the top of the due.

The lowermost part of. each wing 16 is at tenuated, and preferably the body of each wing is formed upwardly and outwardly divergent, said lowermost part having practically a knife-edge, indicated at 19, the thickness of each wing audits extension being gradually increased upwardly and outwardly to the terminal of the extension 17, and preferably each extension has a list bottom for engaging the to of the flue and to lie upon the top of the 2 ller 14, each extension 17 having a terminal 20 which is inclined upwardly and outwardly to overhang a part of the tiller. I

In operation, oil or other liquid fuel, under pressure, may enter the conduit 13 subject to the control of the valve 10, and since the lowermost part of the concavoconvex casting 12 is somewhat rough and does not perfectly engage the bottom 7, the oil will enter the circular chamber 5 and will fill all parts thereof except the parts occu ied the filler, and will move up war ly to t e top of said chamber, and when ignited the gas will burn freely.

The burning of hydrocarbon occurs at the top of the chamber 5 upon and above and with a certain degree of force through the passageways 21 to become mixed with the hydrocarbon, no blower or similar device being required to forcibly move the air as an aid to combustion.

By referring to Fig. 1 it will be seen that the'lower part of the cap 15, between the wings, is of concaved form, its outer parts .having a downward inclination, indicated at 02, toward the top of the filler, this being of advantage for deflecting the movement of air and causing it to move toward the surface of the filler as an aid in effecting a thorough mixing of the heated air with the hydrocarbon. I 7

As shown in the drawing, the wall 8 for the flue is of lesser height than the wall 6;

also a secondary trough or conduit 22 is provided'i'n the flue 23, said conduit being of annular form and provided with a wastepipe 24, this arrangement of parts operating as a safet feature, since through inadvertence or 0t erwise an excess quantity of liquid fuel might enter and overflow the chamber 5, and any excess of liquid fuel, on account of the construction described, would move downwardly on the inner wall of the flue, by action of gravity, to the trough or conduit 22, and would move through the pipe 24 to a suitable reservoir or container (not shown). .In the practice of the invention,

however, a correct adjustment of the valve 10 is depended upon to prevent an overflow orexcess'supply of oil to the chamber 5.

It will be appreciated that the liquid fuel should be delivered uniformly to. all parts of the chamber 5 and to the top of the filler 14, and this is provided by the present construction. In preparing the material for the filler care is exercised so that it will be of uniform consistenc and while the dis tributing conduit 13 is useful in some instances I may dispense with its use depending upon the kind of liquid fuelvuscd; also in some instances I may use an annular casting 11 with its annular conduit for distributmg the li uid fuel, or, as is obvious, the burner woul be operative if the c'astin and its conduit 13 did not entirely surroundthe flue, and I do not wish to limit myself to the use of an annular distributor or conduit 13. v I

' Relative to the function discharged by the inclined facets or terminals 20 of the wing-extensions, it will be understood that while air may move outwardly from the flue through the constricted passageways 21 with considerable force, the air will move with less force at said terminals 20 than at. the sides of the extensions 17, said wings and their extensions being formed outwardly divergent so that these terminals 20 operate as air pockets and are not exposed to air drafts, also the extensions 17 engage the filler 14, the result being that ignition of-hydrocarbon will continue at said terminals to operate as pilot lights after the usual burning at the top of the filler ceases, this being a' feature of convenience in operation? .On account of this construction the valve 10 maybe adjusted to provide a very limited supply of liquid fuel to the chamber 5 when heat is not needed, said supply being suflicient to maintain the pilot lights for an extended period or as long as desired, and ignition of the burner thereafter will be automatic when a normal supply of liquid fuel is required for heating purposes.- Also, in o eration, if the valve ;10 is entirely closed, t e pilot lights will be maintained for a considerable time.

\Vhile, as a safety feature, I have shown the secondary trough 22 for receiving any excess of liquid fuel from the top of the filler 14, and have shown a difference in the height of the walls 6 and 8 to co-operate with the trough 22 for this purpose, I do not wish to limit myself to this specific construction, as other means could be substituted for the removal of excess oil, but the means for this purpose is preferred for the reason that it is effective and certain in operation, and by its use a desired inclinationfor the upper surface of the filler is provided, this inclination being a feature of advantage for directing the flame upwardly as well as outwardly from the axis of the burner.

I claim as my invention,

1. In a burner, an upright annular chamber open at its top and having its inner wall provided with an annular conduit, said inner wall being inclined inwardly and upwardly relative to "its opposite upright wall to provide a flue for a movement of air therethrough, a porous filler in said chamber, a spreader cap above said flue pro viding a constricted passageway between said cap and said chamber, a pipe for conducting liquid fuel to said chamber, the inner wall of said chamber having a lesser height than the height of its outer wall to permit an excess of liquid fuel to move from said chamber to said annular conduit.

2. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright receptacle providing an annular-chamber open at its top and an. inner wall providing a flue, a porous filler in said chamber, a pi e for conducting liquid fuel to the chem er, a spreader cap having its bottom Ill) Lavasss inner wall.

3. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright receptacle open at its top having a cylindrical outer wall and an upwardly tapered inner wall providing an annular chamber and a fine, a porous filler in said chamber, a liquid supply element communicating with the chamber, a spreader cap having its bottom provided with radially arranged wings and disposed in said flue, each wing having an extension projecting beyond the edge of said cap in engagement with the filler and said inner wall, the side walls of each wing being formed outwardly divergent to the end of its extension.

4. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright annular chamber open at its top, its inner wall providing a flue and being provided with an annular conduit, a porous filler in said chamber, a spreader cap in said flue above said conduit providing a constricted passageway between said cap and said chamher, the inner wall of said chamber having a lesser height than the height of its outer wall to permit an excess of liquid fuel to move from said chamber to said annular conduit.

5. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright receptacle providing an annular chamber open at its top and an inner wall providing a fine, an annular casting having a groove opening on its-bottom and removably disposed on the bottom of the chamber, a porous filler in said chamber above the casting, a pipe for conducting liquid fuel communieating with said chamber, a spreader cap having its bottom provided with radially arranged wings and disposed in said flue, each wing having an extension projecting beyond the edge of said cap in engagement with said filler and said inner wall.

6. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright receptacle open at its top having a cylindri "a1 outer wall and an upwardly tapered inner wall providing an annular chamber and a flue, an oil distributor including an annular casting having a groove opening on its bottom and removably disposed on the bottom'of the chamber, a porous filler in said chamber above the casting, a liquid supply element in communication with said groove and said chamber, a spreader cap having its bottom provided with radially arranged wings and disposed in said flue, each wing having an extension projecting beyond the edge of said cap in engagement with the filler and said inner wall, the side walls of each wing being formed outwardly divergent to the end of its extension.

7. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright receptacle providin an annular chamber open at its top and a flue, a porous filler in the chamber, means for conducting liq uid fuel to said chamber, a spreader cap in said flue having radially disposed wings engaging the receptacle, each wing being formed outwardlydivergent and having a terminal part disposed above the filler outwardly of the ed e of said cap. I

8. In a liquid fuel burner, an upright receptacle providing a chamber open at its top, a flue and a conduit in the fine, a porous filler in said chamber, a supply pipe communicating with the chamber, a discharge pipe communicating with said conduit, a spreader cap in said flue above said conduit providing a constricted passageway between said cap and said chamber, the inner wall of the chamber having a lesser height than the height of its outer wall to permit an excess of liquid fuel to move from said chamber to said conduit.

In. testimony whereof, I have affixed my signature.

LEWIS A. COCKLIN.

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