US1567625A - Plated article and its manufacture - Google Patents

Plated article and its manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
US1567625A
US1567625A US4271A US427125A US1567625A US 1567625 A US1567625 A US 1567625A US 4271 A US4271 A US 4271A US 427125 A US427125 A US 427125A US 1567625 A US1567625 A US 1567625A
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metal
article
layer
coating
electro
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US4271A
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Joseph A Smith
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/934—Electrical process
    • Y10S428/935—Electroplating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/941—Solid state alloying, e.g. diffusion, to disappearance of an original layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components

Definitions

  • My invention relates to improvements in plated articles and an improved method of their manufacture.
  • My invention particularly relates to the process of tight coating or inter-alloying a metal article, usually a steel article, with a layer of a metal of substantially low melting point.
  • a metal article usually a steel article
  • My invention particularly relates to the process of tight coating or inter-alloying a metal article, usually a steel article, with a layer of a metal of substantially low melting point.
  • electro-plated articles are heated to the required degree the electro-deposited metal, crystalline when laid, forms a sheet or tight coating of metal over the metal article.
  • the outer protective. layer usually remains crystalline as electro-deposited.
  • the preferably thinner outer layer prevents the intermediate layer from being oxidized off as it becomes inter alloyed with the metal of the article, thus effecting a great saving in metal.
  • no substantial amount of interalloying takes place between the outer layer and the intermediate layer or the metal of the article, it is obvious that none of the base metal will be drawn to the outer surface and that the article is more rust-proof than any hitherto constructed.
  • he article to be plated which may comprise a musical instrument wire, a spring or any other suitable metal article herein called the base metal article is cleaned and polished in the usual manner to prepare for the electro-deposition of the plating process by cleaning it of all rust and dirt preferably with a very fine grad of emery cloth. If necessary it may also be cleaned by dipping it in a dilute sulfuric acid or other chemical solution and finally in water.
  • the next step in the process consists in coating on the base metal an intermediate layer of a metal of a substantially low melting point which is preferably accomplished by an electro-plating bath of the following composition: Chloride of zinc 4 ozs., cyanide of potassium 4 ozs., sal-ammoniac 2 ozs. to each gallon of water.
  • Chloride of zinc 4 ozs., cyanide of potassium 4 ozs., sal-ammoniac 2 ozs. to each gallon of water.
  • a suflicient deposit of this solution may be obtained in five minutes with a volta e of six, though a heavier deposit may be laid thereon if desired by plating for a longer period.
  • the article is then preferably rinsed in water and then coated with a layer of a metal of a substantially higher melting als may be employed.
  • a suitable electro-platin bath for this purpose is double nickel sa ts 8 02s., single nickel salts 2 02s., boracic acid 1 oz. to each gallon of water.
  • a sufficient coating may be obtained in about five minutes with a voltage of 2
  • the article is then preferably dipped into a yellow ochre solution which tends to prevent the formation-of heat spots during the heating treatment, though this step may be dispensed with if thong t advisab e.
  • the article is then heated in a furnace or a gas flame preferably at a temperature of substantially 600 F. for an appreciable length of time varying from five minutes to four hours to cause an inter-alloying of the intermediate layer with the base metal of the article and to change the intermediate layer from a crystalline structure into a sheet.
  • the outer preferably thinner nickel layer is not appreciably afiected by the heat treatment at this temperature and may remain as a protective layer. Even though the protective crystalline nickel layer may become worn in use there will remain a tight coated intermediate zinc layer underneath very resistant to wear.
  • the furnace may be heated up to 600 F, the article inserted and taken out when the temperature again rises to 600 F. to give an inter-alloying suitable for most purposes. After removal from the furnace, the ochre solution is washed off and the article bufi'ed and polished.
  • the process of coating metal articles which comprises coating-the article with an intermediate la er of a metal of a substantially low melting point, in coating the intermediate layer with a layer of a metal of a substantially higher melting point and then subjecting the coated article to heat under conditions causing an alloying of the intermediate layer and the metal of the article without any substantial inter-alloying with the outer layer.
  • the process of coating metal articles which comprises coating the article with an intermediate layer of zinc, in coating on the zinc layer a layer of nickel and then subjecting the coated article to a heat of substantially 600 F. from five minutes to four hours to cause an alloying of the zinc and the metal of the article.
  • a metal article having a coating of a 11 A metal article having a. coating of 5 metal of a substantially low meltingafaoint zinc alloyed thereto and a coating of mckel alloyed thereto and a coating of a. me of e thereon. 13 substantially higher melting point thereon.
  • I afiix my signature 10.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Description

Patented Dec. 29, 1925.
UNITED STATES J'OSETH A. SMITH, 0F ATTLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS.
PLATED ARTICLE AND ITS MANUFACTURE.
No Drawing.
To all whom it may concern: 4
Be it known that I, JOSEPH A. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Attleboro, in the county of Bristol and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plated Articles and Their Manufacture, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to improvements in plated articles and an improved method of their manufacture.
My invention particularly relates to the process of tight coating or inter-alloying a metal article, usually a steel article, with a layer of a metal of substantially low melting point. I am aware that it is old to electro-deposit a thin layer of zinc and on subjecting the electro-plated article to heat to tight coat the zinc to the metal. I am also aware that it is old to electro-deposit a layer of a metal of a substantially low melting point such as cadmium to a metal article and by subjecting the article to heat to inter-alloy the cadmium with the article to form a protective coating. The disadvantages of either of these processes have been as follows: In the heating treatment a large amount of the electro-deposited la er of zinc or cadmium is oxidized ofi', thereby necessitating the use of a large amount of electrodeposited metal and consequent loss of metal. As an inter-alloying takes place between the outer electro-deposit'ed layer and the metal of the article there is always a certain amount of iron or steel or other base metal employed drawn to the surface in the inter-alloying and so the article becomes not completely rustproof as often claimed.
In my process I electro-deposit or otherwise coat on the metal article an intermediate layer of a metal of a substantially low Application filed January 28, 1925.
Serial 1T0. 4,271.
electro-plated articles are heated to the required degree the electro-deposited metal, crystalline when laid, forms a sheet or tight coating of metal over the metal article. As in my process I preferably only heat the article to an amount below the melting point of the intermediate layer, the outer protective. layer usually remains crystalline as electro-deposited. The preferably thinner outer layer however, prevents the intermediate layer from being oxidized off as it becomes inter alloyed with the metal of the article, thus effecting a great saving in metal. As no substantial amount of interalloying takes place between the outer layer and the intermediate layer or the metal of the article, it is obvious that none of the base metal will be drawn to the outer surface and that the article is more rust-proof than any hitherto constructed.
These and such other objects of my invention as may hereinafter appear will be bestunderstood from a description of the specific method about to be described illustrating an embodiment of my invention.
he article to be plated which may comprise a musical instrument wire, a spring or any other suitable metal article herein called the base metal article is cleaned and polished in the usual manner to prepare for the electro-deposition of the plating process by cleaning it of all rust and dirt preferably with a very fine grad of emery cloth. If necessary it may also be cleaned by dipping it in a dilute sulfuric acid or other chemical solution and finally in water.
The next step in the process consists in coating on the base metal an intermediate layer of a metal of a substantially low melting point which is preferably accomplished by an electro-plating bath of the following composition: Chloride of zinc 4 ozs., cyanide of potassium 4 ozs., sal-ammoniac 2 ozs. to each gallon of water. A suflicient deposit of this solution may be obtained in five minutes with a volta e of six, though a heavier deposit may be laid thereon if desired by plating for a longer period.
The article is then preferably rinsed in water and then coated with a layer of a metal of a substantially higher melting als may be employed.
point preferably by electro-plating a layer of nickel thereon. A suitable electro-platin bath for this purpose is double nickel sa ts 8 02s., single nickel salts 2 02s., boracic acid 1 oz. to each gallon of water. A sufficient coating may be obtained in about five minutes with a voltage of 2 The article is then preferably dipped into a yellow ochre solution which tends to prevent the formation-of heat spots during the heating treatment, though this step may be dispensed with if thong t advisab e.
The article is then heated in a furnace or a gas flame preferably at a temperature of substantially 600 F. for an appreciable length of time varying from five minutes to four hours to cause an inter-alloying of the intermediate layer with the base metal of the article and to change the intermediate layer from a crystalline structure into a sheet. The outer preferably thinner nickel layer is not appreciably afiected by the heat treatment at this temperature and may remain as a protective layer. Even though the protective crystalline nickel layer may become worn in use there will remain a tight coated intermediate zinc layer underneath very resistant to wear. The furnace may be heated up to 600 F, the article inserted and taken out when the temperature again rises to 600 F. to give an inter-alloying suitable for most purposes. After removal from the furnace, the ochre solution is washed off and the article bufi'ed and polished.
As stated in place of zinc other metals of a substantially low melting point such as cadmium, silver, tin or other suitable metals or alloys may be employed. In place of nickel as the outer protective layer, gold,
silver, copper or other suitable alloys or met- It is obvious that by this rocess I have provided a metal article having all the advantages of an article having a coating alloyed thereto and the advanta es of having an outer coating of metal of a higher melting point.
It is understood that my invention is not limited to the specific processes or articles described and that various deviations may be made therefrom without departing from the spirit and scope of the ap ended claims.
What I claim as new and esire to secure as Letters Patent is:
l. The process of coating metal articles, which comprises coating-the article with an intermediate la er of a metal of a substantially low melting point, in coating the intermediate layer with a layer of a metal of a substantially higher melting point and then subjecting the coated article to heat under conditions causing an alloying of the intermediate layer and the metal of the article without any substantial inter-alloying with the outer layer.
depositing on the intermediate layer a layer of a metal of a substantially higher melting point and then subjecting the coated article to heat under conditions causing an alloying of the intermediate layer and the metal of the article without any substantial interalloying with the outer layer.
3. The process of coating metal articles which comprises coating the article with an intermediate layer of zinc, in coating the zinc layer with a layer of nickel and then all subjecting the coated article to heat under conditions causing an alloying of the zinc and the metal of the article without any substantial inter-alloying with the nickel layer.
- 4. The process of coating metal articles which comprises electro-depositing on the article an intermediate layer of zinc, electrodepositing on the zinc layer a layer of nickel and then subjecting the coated article to heat under conditions causing an alloyin of the zinc layer and the metal of the artic e without any substantial inter-alloying with the nickel layer.
5. The process of coating metal articles,
which comprises coating the article with an intermediate layer of a metal of a substantially low melting oint, in coating the intermediate layer witli a layer of a metal of a substantially higher melting point and then subjecting the coated article to a heat somewhat less than the melting point of the metal of the intermediate coated layer for a substantial period of time to cause an alloying of the intermediate layer and the metal of the article.
6. The process of coating metal articles which comprises electro-depositing on the articlev an intermediate layer of metal of a substantially low melting point, in electrodepositing on the intermediate layer a layer of a metal of a substantially higher melting point and then subjecting the coated article to a heat somewhat less than the melting point of the metal of the intermediate coated layer for a substantial period of time to cause an alloying of the intermediate layer and the metal of the article.
7. The process of coating metal articles which comprises coating the article with an intermediate layer of zinc, in coating on the zinc layer a layer of nickel and then subjecting the coated article to a heat of substantially 600 F. from five minutes to four hours to cause an alloying of the zinc and the metal of the article.
8. The process of coating metal articles which comprises'electro-deposting on the armamas a heat of substantially 600 F. from five min- 10 ed thereto and an electro-deposited layer 1. v
utes to four hours to cause an alloying of the o a metal of a substantially higher melting zinc layer and the metal of the article. point thereon.
9. A metal article having a coating of a 11. A metal article having a. coating of 5 metal of a substantially low meltingafaoint zinc alloyed thereto and a coating of mckel alloyed thereto and a coating of a. me of e thereon. 13 substantially higher melting point thereon. In testimony whereof I afiix my signature 10. A metal article having a coating of a metal of substantially low melting point 91- JOSEPH A. SMITH.
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2517762A (en) * 1944-09-23 1950-08-08 Joseph B Brennan Bearing manufacture
US2657176A (en) * 1949-04-01 1953-10-27 Conmar Prod Corp Electrodeposition of copper and copper alloys upon zinc and zinc alloys
DE941011C (en) * 1932-05-13 1956-03-29 Baker & Company Dental post or dental post wire
US2745800A (en) * 1953-01-16 1956-05-15 Horst Corp Of America V D Electroplating with iron
US2858520A (en) * 1955-01-03 1958-10-28 Chance Co Ab Electrical connector
US2995814A (en) * 1957-10-11 1961-08-15 Harold A Chamness Method for soldering aluminum
US3012310A (en) * 1955-10-28 1961-12-12 Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp Bridge wire and method of making same
US3063918A (en) * 1957-10-29 1962-11-13 Porter Co Inc H K Method of making electric conduit with alloyed coating
US3099083A (en) * 1958-02-27 1963-07-30 Dow Chemical Co Method of suppressing bimetallic couple corrosion of magnesium metal articles
US3807971A (en) * 1970-03-12 1974-04-30 Ibm Deposition of non-porous and durable tin-gold surface layers in microinch thicknesses
US10926312B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2021-02-23 Artazn Llc. Nickel plated zinc alloys for coinage

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE941011C (en) * 1932-05-13 1956-03-29 Baker & Company Dental post or dental post wire
US2517762A (en) * 1944-09-23 1950-08-08 Joseph B Brennan Bearing manufacture
US2657176A (en) * 1949-04-01 1953-10-27 Conmar Prod Corp Electrodeposition of copper and copper alloys upon zinc and zinc alloys
US2745800A (en) * 1953-01-16 1956-05-15 Horst Corp Of America V D Electroplating with iron
US2858520A (en) * 1955-01-03 1958-10-28 Chance Co Ab Electrical connector
US3012310A (en) * 1955-10-28 1961-12-12 Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp Bridge wire and method of making same
US2995814A (en) * 1957-10-11 1961-08-15 Harold A Chamness Method for soldering aluminum
US3063918A (en) * 1957-10-29 1962-11-13 Porter Co Inc H K Method of making electric conduit with alloyed coating
US3099083A (en) * 1958-02-27 1963-07-30 Dow Chemical Co Method of suppressing bimetallic couple corrosion of magnesium metal articles
US3807971A (en) * 1970-03-12 1974-04-30 Ibm Deposition of non-porous and durable tin-gold surface layers in microinch thicknesses
US10926312B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2021-02-23 Artazn Llc. Nickel plated zinc alloys for coinage

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