US2124657A - Chromium plated article and method of producing same - Google Patents

Chromium plated article and method of producing same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2124657A
US2124657A US747888A US74788834A US2124657A US 2124657 A US2124657 A US 2124657A US 747888 A US747888 A US 747888A US 74788834 A US74788834 A US 74788834A US 2124657 A US2124657 A US 2124657A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
chromium
cadmium
layer
lustre
article
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US747888A
Inventor
Philip J Ritzenthaler
Patrick J Sheehan
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Cutler Hammer Inc
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Cutler Hammer Inc
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Priority to US747888A priority Critical patent/US2124657A/en
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Publication of US2124657A publication Critical patent/US2124657A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B23Q15/20—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece
    • B23Q15/28—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece with compensation for tool wear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
    • C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S205/00—Electrolysis: processes, compositions used therein, and methods of preparing the compositions
    • Y10S205/917—Treatment of workpiece between coating steps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S411/00—Expanded, threaded, driven, headed, tool-deformed, or locked-threaded fastener
    • Y10S411/914—Coated bolt
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/934—Electrical process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12847—Cr-base component
    • Y10T428/12854—Next to Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base component

Definitions

  • This invention relates to chromium plated ar for the plating of articles made of die casting ticles and a method of producing such articles. metals. It produces thereon the same high lus-
  • An object of nie invention is to provide a chrotre of the chromium coating as is produced on mium surface of a veryhigh lustre'. articles made of other metals, and affords better
  • Another object is to provide a simple and inprotection against corrosion than prior methods. expensive method for producing a chromium de- In accordance with the present invention, the posit of high lustre.
  • V article which is to be provided with a chromium Another object is to provide a chromium desurface is first electroplated wltha layer of cadposit which aifords a maximum protection from mium. The cadmium is then dipped in a suito si n, able brightening solution, whereupon a layer of Another object is to provide a method of chronickel and thereafter a layer of chromium is-deposited thereon. With this process it is only necessary to polish thebase, while no polishing operations are required after the deposition of the intermediate metal layers. The resulting surface has a very high lustre, which is only equalled with the old method by the exercise of the utmost care during every step.
  • the process is preferably carried out in the folof material, labor, and time for a given thickness of protective coating.
  • Another object is to provide an efllcient method of chromium plating for die castings. Another object is to provide a dipping solution suitable for employment in the production of chromium deposits of the aforementioned character. lowing manner:
  • the article which is to be chromium plated is appear. thoroughly cleaned and polished to the desired smoothness. manner with a layer of cadmium.
  • the cadmium plating bath should have a concentration of 2 to 3 ounces of metallic cadmium per gallon of solution.
  • the article is preferably dipped into a solution of 5 to of acetic acid and .5% iodine, having added thereto 2 to 5% of potassium iodide as a stabilizing agent.
  • This dip produces a bright lustrous
  • a base surface was first polished to the desired smoothness.
  • a heavy layer of copper was deposited on said surface and the copper deposit was again polished to a high lustre.
  • a coating of nickel was deposited on the polished copper, and the nickel in turn was polished to high lustre, after which a coating of chromium was deposited on the nickel.
  • This chromium layer then presented a surface of high lustre.
  • This,process is very wasteful in material, labor, and time, on account of the repeated polishing operations required for the intermediate layers of metal. Relatively thick coats of the various metals must be deposited so as to leave a sufllcient amount after the polishing operation has .removed some of the metal. The repeated polishing consumes considerable time and labor, all of which makes the plating of chromium expensive.
  • the chromium plating of die-cast articles which are made of an alloy having a zinc base was particularly unsatisfactory, because it is practically impossible or at least very difllcult to deposit a well-adhering layer of copper on the die metal with the result that the finished chromium plated article peels and soon loses its good appearance.
  • the method of plating which is the subject of the present invention avoids the necessity of p01- .ishing the intermediate layers of metal and yet results in a bright chromium surface of high lustre.
  • the method is also particularly suitable prolonged for any length of time, provided that the cadmium layer previously deposited is not completely removed from the base surface. Hence, the process does not require extreme care when carried out.
  • the resulting cadmium surface is an exact duplicate of the polished surface of the base, but having even a higher lustre than the latter. Thereafter the article is washed in water and then put into the nickel bath.
  • the final chromium surface is bright and of high lustre and reflecting power.
  • bromine may be substituted for the iodine as follows:
  • the process when using the bromine solution is the same as that used when employing the Thereafter it is plated in the usual surface on the cadmium.
  • the dipping may be Acetic acid 540%, bromine .1 to 2%, hydroknown heretofore, but most of these solutions were not suitable for chromium plating, while others produced a metal surface of insuflicient lustre to insure a mirror-like surface on the subsequently deposited chromium. Hence it has always been found necessary heretofore to polish the intermediate metal deposits.
  • a dipping solution which has been used in the past to produce a high lustre on cadmium consists of chromic acid and sulphuric acid in which the ratio of chromic acid to sulphur acid radical is between 20:1 and 40:1.
  • this solution leaves a chromate film which has been formed during the .chror'nic acid dip,which film prevents a good adherence of the subsequent metal layers to the cadmium and retention of the original lustre.
  • the film is removed. The article is there after washed in water and then put into the nickel bath and. the subsequent treatment is the same as that aforedescribed in connection with the iodine dip.
  • An electroplated chromium finished article having a natural high lustre which comprises a cadmium electroplated smooth base, the cadmium surface thereof being chemically brightened but 3.
  • a process of electroplating a base having a smooth surface the steps of electrodepositing on the base a layer of cadmium, dipping the cadmium coated base in an acetic acid solution containing one 01' the group consisting of iodine and bromine to obtain a high lustre surface, electrodeppsiting on the cadmiuni a layer of nickel and electrodeposlting on the nickel a layer of chromium to obtain a chromium surface of high lustre, all without any mechanical polishing or any dipping other than that specificed.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)

Description

. mium plating which entails a minimum amount Patented July 26, 1938 CHROMIUM PLATED ARTICLE AND METH D OF PRODUCING SAME Philip J. Ritzenthaler and Patrick J. Shcehan, Milwaukee, Wis assignors to Cutler-Hammer, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application October 11, 1934,
Serial No. 747,888
4 Claims. (01. 204-196 This invention relates to chromium plated ar for the plating of articles made of die casting ticles and a method of producing such articles. metals. It produces thereon the same high lus- An object of nie inventionis to provide a chrotre of the chromium coating as is produced on mium surface of a veryhigh lustre'. articles made of other metals, and affords better Another object is to provide a simple and inprotection against corrosion than prior methods. expensive method for producing a chromium de- In accordance with the present invention, the posit of high lustre. V article which is to be provided with a chromium Another object is to provide a chromium desurface is first electroplated wltha layer of cadposit which aifords a maximum protection from mium. The cadmium is then dipped in a suito si n, able brightening solution, whereupon a layer of Another object is to provide a method of chronickel and thereafter a layer of chromium is-deposited thereon. With this process it is only necessary to polish thebase, while no polishing operations are required after the deposition of the intermediate metal layers. The resulting surface has a very high lustre, which is only equalled with the old method by the exercise of the utmost care during every step.
The process is preferably carried out in the folof material, labor, and time for a given thickness of protective coating.
Another object is to provide an efllcient method of chromium plating for die castings. Another object is to provide a dipping solution suitable for employment in the production of chromium deposits of the aforementioned character. lowing manner:
Other objects and advantages will hereinafter The article which is to be chromium plated is appear. thoroughly cleaned and polished to the desired smoothness. manner with a layer of cadmium. The cadmium plating bath should have a concentration of 2 to 3 ounces of metallic cadmium per gallon of solution.
After the cadmium has been deposited the article is preferably dipped into a solution of 5 to of acetic acid and .5% iodine, having added thereto 2 to 5% of potassium iodide as a stabilizing agent. This dip produces a bright lustrous In the heretofore known method of chromium plating of articles, a base surface was first polished to the desired smoothness. Thereafter, a heavy layer of copper was deposited on said surface and the copper deposit was again polished to a high lustre. Thereupon a coating of nickel was deposited on the polished copper, and the nickel in turn was polished to high lustre, after which a coating of chromium was deposited on the nickel. This chromium layer then presented a surface of high lustre. This,process is very wasteful in material, labor, and time, on account of the repeated polishing operations required for the intermediate layers of metal. Relatively thick coats of the various metals must be deposited so as to leave a sufllcient amount after the polishing operation has .removed some of the metal. The repeated polishing consumes considerable time and labor, all of which makes the plating of chromium expensive.
The chromium plating of die-cast articles which are made of an alloy having a zinc base 'was particularly unsatisfactory, because it is practically impossible or at least very difllcult to deposit a well-adhering layer of copper on the die metal with the result that the finished chromium plated article peels and soon loses its good appearance.
The method of plating which is the subject of the present invention avoids the necessity of p01- .ishing the intermediate layers of metal and yet results in a bright chromium surface of high lustre. The method is also particularly suitable prolonged for any length of time, provided that the cadmium layer previously deposited is not completely removed from the base surface. Hence, the process does not require extreme care when carried out. The resulting cadmium surface is an exact duplicate of the polished surface of the base, but having even a higher lustre than the latter. Thereafter the article is washed in water and then put into the nickel bath. The
layer of nickel which isdeposited need only be very thin. After again washing the article it is plated with a. layer of chromium by the usual method.
The final chromium surface is bright and of high lustre and reflecting power. I
In the above described solution, bromine may be substituted for the iodine as follows:
chloric acid .5% and postassium bromide '2 to 5%.
The process when using the bromine solution is the same as that used when employing the Thereafter it is plated in the usual surface on the cadmium. The dipping may be Acetic acid 540%, bromine .1 to 2%, hydroknown heretofore, but most of these solutions were not suitable for chromium plating, while others produced a metal surface of insuflicient lustre to insure a mirror-like surface on the subsequently deposited chromium. Hence it has always been found necessary heretofore to polish the intermediate metal deposits. A dipping solution which has been used in the past to produce a high lustre on cadmium consists of chromic acid and sulphuric acid in which the ratio of chromic acid to sulphur acid radical is between 20:1 and 40:1. However, this solution leaves a chromate film which has been formed during the .chror'nic acid dip,which film prevents a good adherence of the subsequent metal layers to the cadmium and retention of the original lustre. We have found that by following the chromium dip aforedescribed with another clip .of short duration in a hydrochloric acid solution, the film is removed. The article is there after washed in water and then put into the nickel bath and. the subsequent treatment is the same as that aforedescribed in connection with the iodine dip.
What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
. 1. An electroplated chromium finished article having a natural high lustre, which comprises a cadmium electroplated smooth base, the cadmium surface thereof being chemically brightened but 3. In a process of electroplating a base having a smooth surface, the steps of electrodepositing on the base a layer of cadmium, dipping the cadmium coated base in an acetic acid solution containing one 01' the group consisting of iodine and bromine to obtain a high lustre surface, electrodeppsiting on the cadmiuni a layer of nickel and electrodeposlting on the nickel a layer of chromium to obtain a chromium surface of high lustre, all without any mechanical polishing or any dipping other than that specificed.
4. In a process of electroplating a base having a smooth surface, the steps-of depositing on the base a layer of cadmium, finishing the cadmium for high surface lustre while preserving a layer of the cadmium by dipping into an acetic acid solution containing a halogen, electrodeposlting on the dipped cadmium a layer of nickel having a natural surface of high lustre and electrodepositing on the natural surface of the nickel a layer of chromium having a natural surface of high lustre.
PHILIP J. RITZENTHALER. PATRICK J. SHEEHAN.
US747888A 1934-10-11 1934-10-11 Chromium plated article and method of producing same Expired - Lifetime US2124657A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2981672A (en) * 1952-01-29 1961-04-25 Walter E Kingston Nuclear reactor fuel element
US3684121A (en) * 1970-05-18 1972-08-15 Martin Marietta Corp Silo lug
US4188459A (en) * 1978-09-27 1980-02-12 Whyco Chromium Company, Inc. Corrosion resistant plating and method utilizing alloys having micro-throwing power
US4418125A (en) * 1982-12-06 1983-11-29 Henricks John A Multi-layer multi-metal electroplated protective coating

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2981672A (en) * 1952-01-29 1961-04-25 Walter E Kingston Nuclear reactor fuel element
US3684121A (en) * 1970-05-18 1972-08-15 Martin Marietta Corp Silo lug
US4188459A (en) * 1978-09-27 1980-02-12 Whyco Chromium Company, Inc. Corrosion resistant plating and method utilizing alloys having micro-throwing power
US4418125A (en) * 1982-12-06 1983-11-29 Henricks John A Multi-layer multi-metal electroplated protective coating

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