US1541788A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

' G. J. CARLISLE v 1541788 oI'L BURNER,

Flled July 2, 1924 5 Sheefsl-Sheet 2 Ma/top 2 We 'Hw/ela N f@ )MQW June 16, 1925. 1,541,788

G. J. CARLISLE OIL BURNER Filed July 2, 1924 s sheetsneet `Patented June 16, 1925.

GEORGE J. CARLISLE, F NILES, MICHIGAN.

OIL BURNER.

.' Application tiled July 2,

' To all whom it may concern: Y Y

Be it known that I, GEORGE J. CARLISLE, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Niles, Michigan, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Oil Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in oil burners and more particularly to burners l0 for house heating furnaces, domestic water heaters and the like, and utilizing kerosene or other suitable hydrocarbon as fuel.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved. construction for oil burners l in which especial attention has been directed to the design and arrangement of the parts, in order to secure more perfect combustion and a maximum of effective heat, to the end that economy of operation and satisfactory operating conditions can be had at a minimum of expense and attention.

A further object of the invention is to provide an oil burner suitable for houseA heating, domestic water heating. garages and the like, in which natural. draft is utilized for supporting the combustion of the fuel, thus eliminating expensive mechanical equipment for supplying air under pressure, either for promoting combustion or atomizing the fuel. However', a feature of the device is its adaptability to conversion to the atomizer type of apparatus used in indus trial burners which can be readily employed where air or steam pressure is available for atomizing purposes. A, i A preferred embodiment of the inventio is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which is disclosed an oil burning unit such as would be installed in any suit-able l form of heating apparatus or forming an integral part thereof. In the drawings, Figure 1 is a view in horizontal section y taken centrally of the unit as on line 1 1 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a top plan vie'w of the burner unit with top cover removed. y

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the hot plate removed from the unit.

Fig. 5 is a View in longitudinal section of the fuel nozzle and tubular cap.

Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view of the fue nozzle and cap, as taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. Liis a bottom viewof the hot plate..

1924. Serial No. 723,669.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view ofthe fuel nozzle cap.

Fig. Sis a view in front elevation of the burner unit with parts broken away, and

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the top plate with baiiies attachedv i The burner herein disclosed is intended to be mounted in a position corresponding to the fire door of a furnace or heating device, or in suchfother position as to direct the products of combustion intothe space to be heated.`v As illustrated the shell or casing 1, assumes a horizontal position andopcns at its forward end toward the combustion chamber or other space to be heated. T he rear half or left hand portion is exterior of the heater. For determining the position of the casing, vertical side flanges la-l are provided, which abut against the sides ofv an opening in the heater into which the casing is inserted.

The casing or shell 1 comprises a box-like casting open at its forward or inner end.

The bottom wall 2 is imperforate and has ashortupstanding vflange 3 across its for- 80 ward edge. The rear wall 4 is substantially one-half of the height of the casing, and extends upwardly from thefbottom wall, the adjacent portions being curved.

A removable top plate 6 rests or. the side walls 7 7 of the casing and forms the top wall, its rear edge being spaced forwardly of the rear walls 4 and its forward edge 'extended a short distance beyond Ithe front opening of the casing. The, top plate is provided with longitudinal ribs (5a-6a acting to hold the plate in place.

Secured to the rear. edge of the top plate 6 is a depending balie plate or wall 9 inclined slightly in a forward direction and extending the full width of the casing from side wall to side wall. The lower edge of the baffle terminates a distance above the bottom of the casing and the entiregbaiiie is spaced forwardly of the rear wallifl ,the'ref 100 by dividing the space within the casingii'nto a vertical air passage to the rear, having. as its entrance or opening thespace between the top edge of the rear wall 4 and the rear,y edge of the top plate 6. Secured to the, 105 loweredge of the baille wall 9 is another4 baiie plate 10 extending rearwardly at right. I angles to said plate 9 andhorizontally above the bottom wall. This horizontal bailie "10 abuts against the rear wall 4 and differs u from the vertical baille 9 in that it is comparatively narrow in width and extends from the central portion of the edge of the vertical plate. The purpose of the horizontal baiile will be hereinafter explained. Mounted in the entrance to the vertical down passage formed by the vertical baflle is a damper 12 to turn on a horizontal transverse axis, by suitable pivot pins 18 mounted 1n the side walls 7 of the casing.

Resting on the bottom wall of the casing is a hot plate 14, square in shape, to extend the full width of the casing but terminating short of the forward end. A transverse rib 14c on the bottom of the casing determines the position of hot plate and prevents its movement. By virtue 'of a longitudinally marginal rib 14- along the underside of the hot plate the same is elevated above the bottom of the casing. Along the forward edge of the hot plate are notches 14b while the rear under edge is beveled to conform with the curvature of the casing wall. In the top surface of the hot plate. 14 is an annular depression or groove 15 having its outer edge spaced a short distance from`r the front and rear edges of the plate.

Along the rear edge of the hot plate 14 and centrally thereof is a rearwardly projecting lip 16 which extends into a cavity 17 formed at the junction of the bottom and lrear walls of the casing and large enough to receive this lip. In the top surface of the lip is formed a channel or depression extending toward and communicating with the annular groove 15 in the top face of the hot plate.

Extending inwardly through the rear wall 4and in a horizontal direction just above the hot plate 14, is a fuel delivery tube 22 connected with an oil supply pipe 23, leading to a suitable fuel reservoir, there being means employed for supplying the oil to the burner under pressure, although gravity may be used for this purpose. The tube 22 extends forwardly froin the rear Wall 4 just above the hot plate, with a slight upward inclination, passing beneath the lower edge of the vertical baffle v9 and terminating centrally of the hot plate 14.

Loosely mounted on the tube 22 is a cap-` like tube 24 having telescopic and sliding engagement with the first mentioned tube and substantially covers and surrounds the entire length thereof. The forward end of the outer or telescopic tube 24 is closed by means of a cap 24, but its inner diameter is somewhat greater than the outer diameter of the tube 22 so that the fuel as it flows from the end of the tube 22-is collected in the outer tube 24 andI flows rearwardly in the opposite directionby gravity and trickles from .the open end of the outer tube which is located just above the lip 16 at the rear edge of the hot plate, and flows forwardly again along the channel 16 into the annular groove 15 for distribution about the heated surface of said plate. As clearly shown in Fig. 5, the outer tube 24 is free to be moved shifted rearwardly and to the left so that its open end clears the end of the lip 16. the fuel will obviously drop onto the bottom wall 2 and be carried forwardly beneath the hot plate 14. The purpose of this arrangement will be presently pointed out.

The burner as thus far described is complete for ordinary house heating purposes and as such operates with the natural draft created by the heating apparatus. However, as already pointed out the device can be readily converted into an atomizer type of oil burner for larger installations, with the additionpf an air pump, or in plants where air or steam pressure is available.' To convert the device into an atomizing oil burner, a burner 18 is added which consists of a short piece of pipe having a slotted cap 18 and which is screwed into a tapped hole in the central portion of the hot plate and extending a short distance below the same.

This burner projects vertically from the hot plate a distance somewhat less than onehalf the height of the casing and is positioned just forward of the end of the fuell inlet. Screwed int-o the bottom wall 2l of the casing just below the burner 18, is a bushing 19 having a cup-like depression 19" at its upper end Hush with the surface of the bottom wall. Tapped into this bushing is a jet nozzle 20 projecting upwardly above the bottom wall. and into the lower end of the burner 18. A pipe 21 is connected with the jet nozzle fitting 20, which leads to a suitable source of air which is forced upwardlv through the jet nozzle under pressure by a blower or air pump. If steam is available, it may be used in place of air. These parts can be readily replaced plugs when not used.

Disregarding for the time being the burn-` er 18, the operation of the device as it would ordinarily be operated will now be described. Assuming that the burner is to be started and all of the parts are cold` the -fuel supply is turned on by means of a valve lul) pilot flame or in any other convenient way, the flame thusignited'gradually spreading and within a comparatively short tim'e heating the hot plate as well as the tube 24. During the starting operation the damper 12 would be moved into closed position across the air inlet, and as the flame spreads just above the and Abecomes more intense t-he damper is gradually opened to admit a larger quantity n of air to support the combustion at the bot-` tom of the casin immediately below the damper. In due time the plate 14-and tubde 24 are heated to a high temperature so that the fuel is preheated in passing forwardly laterally to either side where it mixeswith the air drawn downwardly throuv h the air inlet above by the natural draft o the heating ap aratus and is swept forwardly beneath tie lower edge of the vertical baille' 9 into the combustion chamber forward of said vertical baille and thence into the space to be heated. It is to be noted that the horizontal baffle plate 10 plays an important part inthe maintenance of perfect and complete combustion' since it not only spreads the flame laterally thereby7 affordin an opportunity for-complete mixture of t e flame with the air from above,`but prevents the down draft from striking directly against the point of flame propagation with the possibi ty of extinguishing-the flame entirely.

After the parts have been thoroughly heated to a point at `which perfect com us` tion is maintained, the damper may be utilized for controlling the volume, velocity and direction .of the air admitted through the inlet opening. Manifestly b closing the damper the volume of air wil be decreased and the velocity increased thus varying the intensity of the heat. Furthermore, by adijusting the-position of the damper, the point at Vwhich combustion takes place can be shifted, that is to say,the combustion can be delayed so that it does not take place until the mixture has been swept forwardly of the vertical baffle, or it can be advanced so that i nitio-n takes place in the lower portion of the casing rearwardly of the vertical baille. In this way the operation of the burner can be accurately controlled and economically operated depending upon the heating lrequirements. A

For normal operation, utilizing the natural draft entirely, the tube 24 of the fuel inlet pipe is positioned forwardly on the inner tube 22 so that the fuel drips onto the hot plate, being delivered thereto by means of the lip 16. If, as before explained, the device is to be operated with the burner 18 attached, whereby the fuel is atomized and forced into the burner, the tube 24 is moved rearwardly and to the left, from the position shown in Fig. 1, so that yits open end clears the end of the lip 16 thereby permittin the fuel to drip onto the bottom' yvall o the casing where it flows `forwardly and accumulates 1n the depression 19'L off the bushing 19. At this point it is drawn up- Wardly into the burner by reason of the injector action of theair or steam jet delivered to the burner through the nozzle fitting 20 and pipe i21, mixed with the air or steam and thence discharged through the tip of the burner and ignited, complete oombus- .y

tion being supported by the air which is drawn downwardly through the air inlet opening in the same 'manner as before described. Thus it will be seen that this operation and a change from one to the other can be easily made.

The advantage of this particular type of .i

burner resides in the possibility-of obtaining perfect combustion and by that is meant the propagation and maintenance of an intense blue flame, which means economy in the fuel but' which heretofore have not beenuable in localities in which gas is notavaila le.

Having described the novel features ofi construction and the advantages and use of a burner embodying the invention, I claim: 1. An oil burner comprising a casing divided into a forward combustion chamber and a rear air passage communicating with each other near the'bottom of the casing, and a fuel inlet to said casing comprising a pipe having forward and return branches extending above the bottom wall of the casing and having its discharge at the rear thereof. v

2. An oil burner comprising a casing opening at one end into the space' to be heated and having a substantially vertical baflle spaced rearwardly of said open end, an air inleton the opposite side thereof, and a fuel inlet vpipe extending above the bottom wall to a point forwardly of said baffle and returning to a point rearwardly of saidbale.

3. 'An oil burner comprising a casing opening at one end -into the space to be heated and having a substantially vertical baille s aced rearwardly of said open end and an a1r inlet on the o posite side of said baffle, and a fuel inlet pipe entering from the rear lac of the casing and extending above its bottom wall to a point forward of said baie and having an inclined return pipe discharging on to the bottom wall rearwardly of said baie. v

4. An oil burner comprising a casing having an opening and directed toward the space to be heated and an air inlet at the opposite end, a baille dividing said casing into an air passage and a combustion chamber, a hot plate in the bottom of said casing and a fuel inlet pipe extending above i said hot plate, and provided with a return pipe discharging on to said plate at the lower end of said air passage.

5. An oil burner comprising acasing having openings at each end and an intermediate baffle depending from Ithe topof said casing, and terminating shortof the bottom wall, the space forwardly of said baffle forming a combustion chamber 'f communicating with a vertical air inlet passage rearwardly of said bathe, and a fuel inhet'pipe entering said casing from the rear and extending forwardly and above the bottom wall into said combustion chamber and. .returning to a point adjacent its entrance into said casing.

6. An oil burner comprising a casing open at its forward end and provided with an air inlet at its rear end, a bafiie plate depending from the top of said casing and forwardly of said air inlet, a fuel inlet pipe arranged to conduct" the fuel into the casing and above the bottom wall thereof, reversing the direction? of flow and discharging the same at the'rear of said casing, and a damper in said air inlet.

7. An oil burner comprising a casing divided lengthwise into a orward combustion chamber o ening toward the space to be heated, an a rear air passage communicating with each other at the bottom of the casing, a damper in said air passage, a hot plate at the bottom of said casing, a fuel inlet pipe entering said casing through the rear wall thereof and extending above said plate into said combustion chamber and provided with a telescopic return tube disclllarging adjacent the rear `edge of said p ate.

8. An oil burner comprising a casing opening at its forward end into the s ace] to be heated, a baie wall depending rom the top wall of said casing near the rear end thereof, said casing being provided with an air inlet Irearwardly of `said baiie, a damper in said air inlet, anda fuel inlet the' otto wall and forwardly of said bafe, and an outer return tube mounted on said inner tube and actin to reverse the direction of flow and to discharge the fuel onto the bottom wall rearwardly yof said baie.

9. An oil burner comprising a casing, open com risipg an inner tube'extending above r at its front end into the space to be heated and having a bailie wall adjacent the rear end thereof, and an air inlet rearwardly of said casing with a combustion chamber and a batlie, a hot plate substantially covering the bottom orf the casing, and a fuel intake comprising telescopic tubes extending into said combustion zone from the rear of said casing and having its outlet above said hot plate and adjacent its rear edge.

10. An oil burner "comprising a casing open at its forward end toward the space to be heated, the opposite end being located 4exterior said space and provided at its rear end with an air inlet having a damper therein, a hot plate supported on the bottom of said casing, a baffle plate depending from the top of sald casing forwardly of said air inlet, a fuel inlet tube entering said casing from the rear and extending forwardly above said plate, said tube comprising a telescopic member having an outlet opening below said air inlet and rearwardly and above the rear edge of said plate, and a l horizontal baffle extending over' said fuel outlet.

11. An `oil burner comprising a casing having a combustion chamber opening into the space to be heated and an air inlet exterior said space, a depending baiie wall .forming a passage connecting said `air inlet with said combustion chamber near the bottom of the casing, a hot plate mounted in the bottom of said casing, a fuel inlet pipe extending above said hot plate and terminating centrally thereof, and a return tube telescopically mounted on said pipe tube and acting to dischar e the fuel onto the rear edge of said hot p ate, a bale plate extending transversely of said air passagey and l above said fuel air passage.

12.(,An oil burner comprising a casing having an open forward end directed toward the space to be heated and an air inlet at its rear end communicating with the air exterior the space to be heated, a depending baie forwardly of said air inlet a hot plate sup orted on the bottom wall of the casing, a urner projecting from the central portlon of said late and communieating with the space etween the bottom wall and said hot plate, a jet nozzle directed axiall of said burner, a fuel intake tube exten ing above said hot plate and comprising a telescopic member directing the iow of the fuel onto the rear edge portion of said hot plate, and shiftable to ermit'the fuel to flow beneath said plate w ereby the pipe, and a damper 1n said same is delivered to said burner.

y13. An oil burner comprisin a casing open at its forward end towar the space space between said plate and bottom wall,

means for injectingair into said burner, a fuel inlet tube entering said casing from the rear and extending forwardly above said plate, said tube comprising a telescopic member having an outlet opening below said air-inlet rearwardly and above the rear edge of said plate and adjustable lengthwise to direct the flow of fuel to the space beneath said plate.

i4. An oil burner comprising a casing having a combustion chamber opening into the space to be heated, and an air inlet exterior said space, a bailie wall forming a vertical passage connecting said air inlet with said combustion chamber near the bottom of the casing, a hot plate mounted in the bottom of said casing, a burner mounted centrally of said plate and opening into the space belovs7 said plate, an air jet in said burner, a fuel inlet pipe extending above said hot plate and terminating centrally thereof, and a return tube telescopically mounted on said pipe tube and adapted to be shifted lengthwise to discharge 'the fuel onto said late or beyond the edge of said plate there y supplying fuel to said burner.

15.An oil burner comprising a casing having an open forward end directed toward the space to be heated, and an air inlet at its rear end communicating with the air exterior the space to be heated, a depending baille forwardly of said air'inlet, a hot plate supported on the bottom wall of the casing, a burner projecting from the central portion of said plate and communicating with a depression in the bottom wall below said hot plate, a jet nozzle directed vaxially of said burner, a fuel intake tube extendin above said hot plate and comprising a te escopic return `pipe member normally directing the flow of the fuel onto the rear edge portion of said hot plate but adapted to be shifted to permit the fuel to be discharged onto'the bottom Wall and thence to flow into the depression therein.

Signed at Chicago, lll., this 24th day of June, 1924.

GEURGE J. CARLISLE.

Images