US1664410A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

April 3, 1928.

H. A. GREENWALD ET AL OIL BURNER Filed June 1. 1926 Q llllllllull aRoLia A. GBEENWALD am Joan D Howe,

WHITEHEAD a xALEs, or DETROIT, MICHIGAN,

on. summa.

' mixture includingAA too much air iso Patented Apr.. 3, 1928.

,murenl STATES- `F DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOBS T0 A. CORPORATION Ol IICHIGAN.

Appucamn mea :une i, 192s. semi no.' naps?.

The invention relates tofoil burners and particularly to improvements in the design thereof having particular bearing upon-the efficiency and simplicity of the device and consequently vits commercial acceptability.

Heretofore oil burners of this character have been objectionable in various respects. One of the most prevalent objections in the commercial types of oil burners now in vogue is that the are inefficient because they produce a ye low fiame rather than va blue or colorless flame which is indicative of proper'fuel proportions. A yellowA flame is a result of either too much air or too much fuel and as the use of too much fuel is not f only une'conomical but results in a carbon deposit, which after continued-use causes considerable trouble, f heaters now in use supply too much air. While this character of inefficient mixture is not as disadvantag'eous as a mixtureincluding too much fuel still from a standpoint of heat intensity the'flame resulti from a. viously quiteineiicient. v v Furthermore theppresent types of fuel burners in many instances prove to objectionable' because of the noise'incident to the operation thereof-and furthermore to the complexity ofl thefj mechanism thereof; This latter objection i'svof extreme importance lbecause burners involving complicated mechanism are not only expensive to manufacturebut get out of vorder quickly and are difcult to repair. r

lt is therefore one f the primary 'objects of this invention to provide an oil burner vention may be gronomically of an extremely simple construction and witha minimumnumberf'of moving parts. Hence a burner in accordance with this ini manufacturedand used. I

mixture Another oliject'of this invention is to produe an oil burner in which an efficient fuel is assured under all operating conditions and one in which ablue or colorless dame is obtained, this type of flame being `the result of a fuel mixture of the correct proportions. a

Many of the more or less serious ob ections to the present commercial types o oil burners are eliminated inthis present 1nvention by a construction which insures a separation of the oxygen and :fuel vapors i duce thel majority of the except at the combustion point whereby \lia bility of'internal explosions or arebacks is elimina-ted. ,r

The efficiency of the present oil burner is partl1 the'result of the ejector effects pron .by the heater whereby a pro r intermlngli'ng or mixing of the air an v .pors is constantly assured, the extent of which is obviously'dependent upon the pro-.

ficiency of the' ejec tor which 'in turn' is de- 'I pendent on the extent to which the burner 1sr being operate'd.` y Ths'affter the proper proportion of fuel`and air has once been determlned this relation and consequentlj1 the eiiiciency of the mixture will thereafter be maintained throughout theeperation of the burner.

By means of the ejector used in connection with thel present invention, the flame 'may be directed'as desired, within certain L Y limitvstso as to adapt the burner to installation in various types of furnaces and boilthev oil burners now deers.

Practically all of an advantage signed and used claim as `thereof the possibility of the use of heavy and relativ y inexpensive oil as the fuel. The use of this hea poor grade fuel in. volves certain di vanta manufacturersv of burners eretofore have attempted, with little success, to overcome. This low grade of fuel when heated' or incompletely burned leaves a considerable amount of carbon. deposit which not only 'causes smoke but also clogs or otherwise incapacitates the conduits, openings and other parts of the burner. Much of this trouble results from the fact thatthe fuel oil in being conducted to the burner is subjecv to the heat thereof before being deposited free of'its conduit into the combustion or fuel chamber of the burner. present invention contemplates means whereby the fuel oil is maintained at a relativelylow even temperature until such time as it is the burner. Another structural feature of the present invention which is partly 4responsible for the efficiency thereof consists in that arrange ment of several of the parts which permits of and functions to draw and mix with the oil viiors some of burn Ygases whereby the eeleny es which the Therefore, this deposited into the oil receptacle of the semi or partially l.

of 'the j combustible mixture is 'ance With this invention is illustrated inlk drawin materially enhanced.

Various other objects, advantages, and novel details of construction of the invention will be made more apparent as thisde- -scription proceeds, especiallywhen considere in connection with the accompanying wherein one illustrative embodiment o an oil burner constructed in accord-` longitudinal vertical section, certain parts, however, being left in elevation.

Referring now particularly'to the drawing wherein like reference characters indicate like" parts, it will be noted that there is illustrated a pot-like housing or receptacle provided at one side thereof with a laterally extending tubular extension 11, herein shown as formed integrally with the container 10. The receptacle portion 10 of the burner is lined with refractory material 12, a laterally extending ledge or support 13 beingprovided adjacent the upper edge of the housing 10 for supporting a refractory ring 14 whose particular purpose, in the present form of construction, is to deflect and direct upwardly the flames which are directedthereagainstby the ejector nozzles v of the burner yet to be referred to.

' The reference character 15 indicates generally the burner nozzle which is preferably of a circular or annular configuration and consists essentially of an inner sleeve-like portion 16 provided at one side with a tubuj ar extension 17 which extends into and is supported with tubular extension 11 of the burner receptacle 10. Thesewparts may be lated and sthe cover .elementV 28 supportedbbyk Yralitypf secured against displacement as for instance by means-of one or more fastening elements 18. Spaced from the inner element 16 is a tubular sleeve-like element 19 spaced substantially uniformly radially of the inner element 16 and supported thereupon by en gagement with the tubular extension 117 and also by means of one or more lugs 20 resting 'upon lugs 21 projecting from the inner element 16. A mushroom-shaped cover 22 engages through they intermediary of a plulugs 23 with the out-turned peripheral portion .24 of the outer element 19. This cover 22 is also formed with a radially directed peripheral edge portion 25 which is spaced throughout, except at those points where lugs' 23 are provided, from the peiipheral edge 24 of the element 19. Thus an annular or circular ejector nozzle26 is provided.l Associated with the upper peripheral edge 27, of the inner element 16 isa cover element 28 whose radially directed pe ripheral edge portion 29 is spaced from the peripheral edge portion 27 to produce an annular ejector nozzle 30. The dimensionsof this ejector nozzle 30 may be revulneans yof a set screw 31 connected to the cover element 28 and threadedly engaging the cover element 22`; The cover element 22 is provided with one ormore apertures 32 for a purpose which will appear more fully hereinafter. In the description ofthe operation of the burner, 30 will be termed the primary ejector and the nozzle 26 a secondary ejector.

The lower end of the inner, element 16 is closed'but is provided with a pair of apertures 33Yand 34 which are respectively the 75 fuel opening and the pilot burner opening. Arranged within the element 16 is\a fitting or casting 35 which rests upon the bottom vof the element 16 and is provided with nip- 36 which enter the open- 80 the opening 33. has a threaded 35. Surround# uit 41 is a'pipe or conduit 43 which communicates with vthe 95 chamber 44 formedin the fitting 35. A This conduit 43 has a threaded connection as at 45 with the fitting 35. The conduit 43 surrounds the conduit, 41 throughout its length from the lpoint 35 to a point spaced'from the burner and is adapted to provide an alnular space 46 for a cooling fluid for the fuel oil supply conduit 41 and the contents thereof. The

cooling fluid space 44 of the fitting 35 is 105 of course space 46.

The pipes 38, 41 and 43 all extendthrough the tubular extension 17 and 11 and also through a tubular casing 47 at its ends as indicatedat 48 for attachment lto a corresponding` flange 49 formed on the s extension 11. A supply pipe for the gas pilot burner may be connected to theV pipe in communication with the 38 at 'theypoint indicated at 50 while the cool- 115 ing fluid supply pipe ,will be connected to the pipe 43 at the point indicated at 51. The f reference character 52 indicates the fuel oil supply pipe which extends from a supply tank or other source of supply and is con l12o nectedy to the conduit 41, as for instance b means of a coupling indicated at 53. It wi l be noted that a space 54 is provided between the pipes contained within the housing 47 which space may communicate at the end 125 with a motor driven blowery55 for supplying air ,under pressure through housing 47 and the tubular extensions 11 and 17 to the spaces 56 interiorallyv of the inner element 16.

-In operation fuel oil4 will be 'supplied 4130 the. ejector nozzle extends 'longitudi- ,85

Ccommunicating of connection with the fitting which is flanged annular' space through pipe 41 and fitting 35 and through aperture 33 and will be deposited in the shallow depression 57 in the bottom of the body of the heater. At the commencement of the operation of the burner the lia-me from the pilot burnerwhich issues from the opening 34 will ignitethe oil and thus create sufficient heat so as to .effect the automatic vaporization of the fuel oilf as is customary in heaters of this character.

Assuming the heater to be in use and consequently the refractory material and the other parts of the heater to be ata higlr temperature the oil deposited into the bot" tom of the heater will be instantly vaporized. The air in the chamber y56 in the inner element 16 will issue from the primaryr ejector and will create a vacuum or relativelyV lower pressure in the annular space 458. This will draw upwardly into this .annularspace vapor from the oil in the pool 57, these vapors -being satisfactorily .directed into the 58 because-of the outwardly flaring lower end 59 of thbuter sleeve-like member 19. The air issuing from the ejector nozzle 30 will mix with the vapor drawn upwardly through the annular space 58 andv this mixed vapor and air will then issue `'from the secondary ejector 26. There will 'be a partial ignition of the combustible mixture on an annular line spaced from the ejector nozzle 3() but owing to the forceof the air the complete ignition will not take place until the mixture issues from the ejector f nozzle '26.' This secondary ejector directs the 'ame laterally against the refractory ring 14 which in turn defiects the flames annularly upwardly and outwardly.

The air issuing from the primary lejector 30 into the annular space 58 induces therein a relatively lower pressure which is herein referred to as a vacuum. The ejector functions additionally to produce a pumping or J Y impelling effect by reason of the fact that the molecules of the air strike the mplecules of the fuel and impel; or force the same out- .ward through the secondary ejector. Thus in addition topthe relativelyl lower pressure attained which assists in drawing the fuel to apoint adjacent the primary ejector the primary ejector acts to impel the fuel from this point outward through the secondary ejector;

Liability of pr-ignition is avoided by this construction because there is. not sufl'icient oxygen in the fuel vapor to support ignition until this fuel vapor arrives jacent the ejector nozzle 30. Consequently the first point at which ignition of the fuel takes place is on the annular line spaced from the ejector nozzle 30, complete ignition takmg place after the mitxure issues from the secondary ejector 26y as aforedescribed. It should ybe noted that the air issues directly .through the column of fuel-vapor thus insuring a complete interminglitng of the' air and fuel and furthermore the quantity of the fuel` Lvapor and partially vburned gases Nmaintain the proper relationship between l quentl'y the amount ofair supplied to the,

burner and also by properly regulatinv .the aniount of oil supply to the burner. the ratio of these two constituents initially fixed the quantity of fuel vapor ali'dpartially burned gases drawn through the burner by the vacuum created by the air ejector bears a fixed relationship to the quantltyof air ejected.

The primary ejector 30, by reason of the vacuum which 1tcreates, ^will draw a certain vamount of burned gases from the space yabove the cover plate 22 through the apertures 32 thereof which burned gases will mix lwith 'the air and` oil vapor to improve Furthermore the primary ejector in the combustion thereof. vacuumcreated by this the annular space A58 tends to draw some of the semi-burned gases present iii/"the annular space betweenthe outer element-19 and the annular refractory wall, the passageVv of these semi-burned gases being indicated by the arrows'A. These semi-burned gases will be drawn downwardly then upwardly through the annular space 58 and will mix with the oil vapor Yto increase the eiiiciency of the final combustible mixture.

In connection with the operation of the ejectors of this burner it `should helnoted that the primary ejector delivers the air at the pointy where it is desired the combustion start and furthermore that this air is delivered in a thin fiat stream. As was heretofore men'- tioned the width of the ejector nozzle opening 30 may be regulated by means of the set screw 31., Furthermore the stream of air issuing from the primary ejector creates av vacuum which draws the loil proper place, that is to a point between the primary and secondary ejectors where the issuing stream of air passes through the oil vapor thus insuring a complete intermingling and consequently It is also apparent that the vacuum thus created draws in some partially burned and completel burned gases from above and below whic mix with the oil vapor on the way to the ejector nozzle. yObviously by reason of the sha e the flame issues t erefrom in a flat annular sheet and is directed against the refractory A and their bearing upon the efficiency vapor to thev an efficient mixture.'

with

ofthe secondary ejector ring 14 where it is deflected to the sides of cooling medium, ysuch for instance as water,

prevent decomposition thereof an in the annular chamber 46 which surrounds the oil supply conduit 4l, the temperature of this oil will be maintained suiiicie'ntl low to consequentlyv eliminate the disastrous carbon or l tarry deposits which would otherwise result where low grade fuel Voils are subjected to high temperatures. Y

Obviously the pilot burner as well as the conduit thereto may be arranged differentl with respect to the remaining parts if this is found desirable or may be eliminated erit-irely, as the .fuel can be ignited initially in various other manners Lsucli for instance aslmeans of an electric pilot.

ile one illustrative embodiment of the invention has been shown and described herein somewhat in detail, it will be readily apparent that the principles of this invention are capable of expression in various other forms and accordingly the invention should not be considered as limited in any respect to the structural details andarrangements herein shown. therefore made to make such changes in the ,kessential and all-of the non-essential details as may come within the purview of the accompanying claims. l

What we claim as ouil invention is: y

v1. In anoil burner, a chambered member connected to a source of air supply and provided with Aan ejector nozzle, a casing surrounding said member in spaced relation and provided with an ejector nozzle in substantial alignment with said first mentioned nozzle,a fuel oil pool beneath said above mentioned members and means 'for supplying fuel/,oil thereto, said casingbeing open in the area of said pool for conducting the vapors therefrom to a point adjacent said first mentioned ejector whereby said airand fuel vapors are mixed and ejected through said second mentioned e'ector. j

2. In an voil burner, a ody portion formed of refractory material or the like and adapted to contain a f/luantity of fuel oil, means for supplying fuel oil thereto, a chambered element connected `to a. source of air supply and provided with an ejector nozzle, a casmg surrounding said element in spaced relation thereto and constituting a fuel vapor directing means, said casing being provided with an ejector nozzle adjacent said first mentioned ejector nozzle and with an open end adjacent said quantity of fuel oil Whereby the vapor from said fuel will be drawn through said passage by the vacuum resulting from said first mentioned ejector to Reservation is ceiving'heated or burned cause this fuel vapor to mix with the said air whereupon the resulting combustible mixture is ejected from said second mentioned ejector.

3. In an oil burner, a substantially panlike base of refractory material or the like, a chambered element provided with a circular ejector nozzle and with a fuel oil supply opening for supplying fuel to a pool in said pan-like base and with means of igni- 76 tion, means for supplyingfuel to said fuel oil opening, a casing surrounding' said element in spaced relation thereto, said casing being open to receive the fuel vapor and gas and provided with other openings for re- 80 ceiving heated or burned gases, said casing `being provided with a-circular ejector nozzle in substantial alignment with said rst mentioned ejector, and means for supplying air to the interior of said chambered element whereby said air will issue from said first mentioned ejector and create a vacuum in the space between said element and spaced casing to thereby draw fuel vapor and gas to a 'point adjacent said ejector, whereby 90 tion, means for supplying fuel to said fuel 011 opening, a casing surrounding said element in spaced relation thereto, said casing beingopen to receive the vapor from said pool and provided with openings for re-` gases,

ing provided with a circular ejector nozzle in substantial alignment with said first mentioned ejector, and means for supplying air to the interior of said chambered element whereby said air will issue from said first mentioned ejector and create a vacuum inv the space between said element and spaced casing to thereby diaw fuel vapor and gas to a point adjacent` said ejector, whereby.,

said-air, gas and fuel vapor are mixed and y ejected from said second mentioned ejector in the form of a combustible misture. 'c

5. In an oil burner, a substantially panlike base 4of refractory material or the like, a' chambered element top with a circular ejector nozzle and adjacent its bottom with a fuel oil supply opening for supplying fuelto a pool in said panlike base and with a means of ignition,

means for supplying fuel to said fuel oil opening, a casing surroundin said element in spaced relation thereto, saifgl casing being open at its lower end to receive the vapor from said pool and provided with openings adjacent its top for .receiving heated or ymaterial or the like, 95

said casing 105 provided adjacent its 120 burned gases, said casing being tantial alignment with said first mentioned ejector means for adjusting said first mentioned ejector nozzle and means for supplying air to the interior of said chambered element whereby. said air will issue from said first mentioned ejector and create a vacuum in the space between said element and spaced Esovidd i `with a circular ejector nozzle in su casing to thereby draw fuel vapor to a point l0 adjacent said ejector, whereby said air and fuel vapor are mixed and ejected from said second mentioned ejector in a thin sheet in the form of a combustible mixture.

In testimonyy Whereo we aiix our sig- 15 natures.

` HAROLD A. GREENWALD.

JOHN D. HOWE.

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