US1531587A - Hydrocarbon burner - Google Patents

Description

March-31, 1925. v 1,531,587

E. F. WHITE HYDROCARBON BURNER Filed Sept. '7, 1923 3 A Xg MMM Patented Mar. 31, 1925.

EZEKIEL FIELD WHITE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PATENT OFFICE.

HYDROCARBON BURNER.

Application filed September 7, 1923-. Serial No. 661,437.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, EZEKIEL FIELD VVHTTE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Hydrocarbon Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to hydrocarbon burners. Y

One object of the invention is to provide a simple arrangement or system for preheating liquid hydrocarbon in the presence of some air and atomizing or pulverizing same as it is projected into a combustion chamber or the like.

Another object of the invention is to pro vide simple and efiicent means to radially and uniformly discharge the preheated.

hydrocarbon and some air outwardly in a thin film in a horizontal plane for producing a flame in the shape of ajdisk'in a combustion chamber and directed against surfaces to be heated.

Another object is to discharge the hydrocarbon in a thin disk like film instead of a globular form for'enabling the particles o f liquid hydrocarbon to come in contact with a main'body of fresh air passing through said film for insuring a uniform mixture throughout the mass and consequent uniform combustion of the charge.

These and other objects are accomplished by means of the arrangement disclosed on the accompanying sheets of drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken through a furnace inwhich my improved hydrocarbon burner is mounted, some parts being shown in ele-` vation;

Figure 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view through various parts including the burner,proper; and

Figure 3 is a plan view -of the slotted disk shown in Figure 2'of the drawings.

The various novel features of the invention will be apparent from the following description and drawings and will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Referrlng to the figures of the drawings it will be noted that my improved hydrocarbon burner is disclosed in connection with a furnace 10 in which the ordinary grates are removed and in which a part of the space normally occupied by the grat-es is Vwithin the combustion chamber of the furnace and on a spider portion 15 of the frame 13.

The burner includes a chamber 16 which receives some reflected heat as a result of combustion in the combustion chamber. A predetermined amount of hydrocarbon and some air are 4conducted from any suitable source under a pressure of from one to five pounds per square inch in excess of atmospheric pressure, and projected through a tube 17 at an angle upwardly into said chamber 16 whereby the liquid will be thrown against the upper portion of the inner wall of the chamber 16 and thereby separated, in partV from the air. Upon coming in contact with the warm surface of the chamberV 16 and while passing downwardly in said chamber the hydrocarbon, as well as the air, is heated a given amount and rendered more volatile and more easily atomized or pulverized during later treatment. Centrally located within the chamber 16 and passing therethrough is a tube 17 having openings 18 which form communicating passageways between said chamber and tube near the bottom of each. The small portion of the hydrocarbon which is not absorbed by the stream of air at the time said hydrocarbon reaches the bottom of the chamber 16 momentarily may settle to the bottom of the chamber 16 and is then blown or passes into the tube 17 through openings 18. Said tube 17 extends through the top or cap 19 of the chamber 16 and also through a bushing nut 20 and has at its upper end a substantial reduction of area caused by an inward tapering of the tube, as shown at 21. Preferably the tapered portion ends in a knife edge. Extending upwardly through the tube 17 is a rod or control member 22 which is threaded at its upper end to receive a nut 23 with a lower horizontally arranged baffle surface 24 having operative association with the reduced outlet or discharge opening of the tube 17. l

It has been found that at certain feed velocities, the part of the hydrocarbon which has not at that time been "absorbed by the stream of air travels upwardly along and .lin clinging engagement with the inner surface of the tube 17 in the form of a thin film, While the air, which drives the hydrocarbon upwardly in said tube 17 travels upwardly through the central portion of the space within the tube 17 at ai much higher velocity than the hydrocarbon. blown out of the top of the tube 17 it, with the air passing upwardly through the tube 17, is directed outwardly in a horizontal plane by the baille nut 24 to spread uniformly in the form of a thin disk-like film toward the surface of the furnace to be heated. The baille nut 24 which is secured to the central member 22 may be adjusted vertically with said central member 22 for varying the space between the discharge opening of the tube 17 and the nut for varying the velocity of the hydrocarbon and air by rotating said member 22,'1t' bemg understood that the lower portion of the member 22 is provided With a thread 25 which cooperates with an internal thread 26 in a downwardly extending tubular portion of the chamber casing 16. A' bushing nut 27 also is provided near the lower end ofthe central member 22. Y

The central member 22 is provided with a disk-like portion 2 8 provided with 7inclined slots in the periphery thereof. The hydrocarbon and air passing upwardly through the tube 17 are forced to pass through the slots 29l and as a result thereof are caused to whirl for equalizing the distribution` of liquid fuel around the 4inner wall of the tube. By means of the complete arrangement herein described, the

eilicient results. Preferably a finely divided hydrocarbon and air which pass outwardly through the tube 17 are projected horizontally outwardly in a thm film of combustible -gas which is directed toward the interior Walls of the furnace to be heated. Due toA the fact that a relatively largeA volume of relatively high speedair passes upwardly through the tube 17 and acts upon a thin film of hydrocarbon, it is apparent that Jsuch hydrocarbon is thoroughly disintegrated as it is projected from said tube. The main body of combustion supporting air passes upwardly through the spider structure 15 and rises 'into the thin film or disk of outwardly moving mixture of air and hydrocarbon whereby a uniform mixture'is assured and the charge is completely consumed for producin the most aille plate l 30 supported on the frame 13 and located below the level of the outwardly projected film of hydrocarbon and air, is provided for controlling, in a measure, -the rising body of air. This baille plate 30, which is circular -in form, has a central opening 31 for the passage of air, it being understood that the air also passes outwardly beyond the outer When the hydrocarbon isA assise? confines of the disk 30. By the use of this baille 30, it is found,'that any tendency for the resultant flame to flicker is overcome.

Itv will be understood that the burner is first heated and the produced combustible mixture ignited by any suitable pilot lighting device 32.

One of the main advantages of this burner over the ordinary nozzle type of burner is that the combustibles are projected in the form of a thin film instead of the globular form which enables the particles of liquid to come into contact with the main body of fresh air which rises up through the film and insures a uniform mixture throughout the entire mass and a consequent uniform combustion of the charge. With the nozzle type of burner which produces the globular type of flame with the air for combustion' on the outside, the particles o'f hydrocarbon on the periphery of the globular flame receive the oxygen for combustion but the particles of hydrocarbon inside the globular flame cannot get sufficient oxygen and therefore combustlon is incomplete. This explains why all nozzle types of burners`give olf carbon monoxide and soot even under the most favorable conditions.

It is my intention to cover all modifications of t-he invention falling within the spirit and scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a hydrocarbon burner, the combination of a chamber having a wall, means for supplying hydrocarbon and air against the inner surface of said wall in said chamber at a pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure whereby some of the hydrocarbon is distributed over the said inner wall of said chamber to facilitate the volatilization while the air carrying some of the hydrocarbon passes therethrough at ahigher velocity than hydrocarbon clinging to said wall, a tube within said chamber saving communication therewith and terminating outside thereof in a reduced discharge opening, some of the hydrocarbon which is not absorbed by air stream being conducted along the inner wall of said tube in a t-hin fihn as a result of the air passing therethrough, a baille member over said discharge opening whereby the mixture of hydrocarbon and air projected therefrom is directed hori-` zontally outwardly in a thin film, and means for supplying aid at an angle to said latter to insure a uniform mixture and com- 4bustion.

2. In a hydrocarbon burner, the combination of a chamber, means for su plying hydrocarbon and air to said cham r and against the inner wall thereof whereby some .of lthe hydrocarbon is distributed over the inner wall of said chamber to `facilitate volatilizatiomwhile the air carrying some ofthe hydrocarbon passes therethrough, a

tube within said chamber into which said hydrocarbon and air pass from said chamber, the hydrocarbon which is not absorbed by the air stream being conducted along the inner wall of said tube in a thin film as a result of the air passing therethrough, means over the discharge opening of said tube whereby the mixture of hydrocarbon and air projected from said opening is directed horizontally outwardly in a thin film, and means for supplying air at an angle to said latter film to insure a uniform mixture and combustion.

3. In a hydrocarbon burner, the combination of a chamber, means for supplying hydrocarbon and air to said chamber at a pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure, a

' tube within said chamber arranged to receive hydrocarbon and air from said chamber, the hydrocarbon which is not absorbed by the air stream being conducted along the inner wall of said tube in a thin film by the air as the latter passes therethrough, and means over the discharge opening of said tube whereby the mixture ofmhydrocarbon and air projected therefrom is directed horizontally outwardly in a thin film.

4. In a hydrocarbon burner, the combination of a chamber, means for supplying hydrocarbon and air to said chamber at a pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure, an open ended tube within said chamber arranged to receive hydrocarbon and air from said chamber, the hydrocarbon which is not absorbed by the air stream being conducted along the inner wall of said tube in a thin fllm bythe air as the latter 'passes therethrough, means over the discharge opening of said tube whereby the mixture of hydrocarbon and air projected therefrom is directed horizontally outwardly in a thin film, and means for supplying air at an .angle to said latter film to insure uniform mixture and combustion.

5. In a hydrocarbon burner, the combination of a chamber, means for supplying hydrocarbon and air to said chamber at a pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure, a tube within said chamber arranged to receive hydrocarbon and air from said chamber, the hydrocarbon which is not absorbed by the air stream being conducted along the inner wall of said tube in a thin film by the air as the latter passes therethrough, means over the discharge opening of said tube whereby the mixture of hydrocarbon and air projectedtherefrom is directed horizontally outwardly in a thin film, and means' within said tube for causing the air and hydrocarbon to take a whirling action.

6. In a hydrocarbon burner, the combination of a plurality of chambers one arranged within the other and having communication therebetween, means for supplying hydrocarbon and air to one of said chambers at a pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure whereby the portion of said hydrocarbon which is not absorbed by the stream of air is conducted along the inner wall ofthe f other of said chambers in a thin film by the air as the latter passes therethrough, means associated with an opening of said second chamber whereby the mixture of hydrocarbon and air projected through said opening is directed horizontally outwardly in a thin film, and means for supplying additional air to said latter film to insure a uniform mixture and combustion.

7. In a hydrocarbon burner, theccombination of a plurality of chambers one arranged within the other and having comwall of the other of said chambers in a,-

thin film by the air as the latter passes therethrough, means associated with an opening ofV said second chamber whereby the mixture of hydrocarbon and air projected through said opening is directed horizontally outwardly in a thin film, means within said second chamber for causing the hydrocarbon and air to whirl as it passes therethrough, and means for supplying additional air to said latt'er film. to insure a uniform mixture and combustion. 4

8. In a hydrocarbon burner, the combination of a plurality of chambers one arranged within the other and having communication therebetween, means for supplying hydrocarbon and air to one of said chambers at a pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure whereby the portion of said hydrocarbon which is not absorbed by the stream of air is conducted along the inner wall of the other of said chambers in a thin lm by the air as the latter passes therethrough, means associated with an opening in said second chamber whereby the mixture of hydrocarbon and air projected through vsaid opening is directed horizontally outwardly in a thin,iilm means for supplying additional air to said latter film to insure a uniforml mixture and combustion, and means for controlling the restriction of the outlet opening of said second i chamber.-

9. In a hydrocarbon burner, the combination of a chamber having a wall, means for supplying hydrocarbon and air to said chamber and against the inner surface of said wall at a pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure and in adirection whereby some of the hydrocarbon is distributed over sa'id inner wall of said chamber to facilitate the volitilization while the air carrying some of the hydrocarbon passes theref discharge opening whereby the mixture of hydrocarbon and air projected therefrom is directed horizontally outwardly in a thin film, means within said tube for causing air and hydrocarbon passing therethrough to take a whirling action, and means for supplying air at an angle to said latter film to insure a Auniform mixture and combustion.

10. In a hydrocarbon burner, the com-- bination of a chamber having a wall, means entering Ithe side of said chamber for supplying hydrocarbon and air against the inner surface of said wall of saio.' chamber at a pressure'in excess of the atmospheric pressure in a direction and whereby some of the hydrocarbon is distributed over the inner wall of said chamber to facilitate the volatilization whileair carrying some of the hydrocarbon passesitherethrough, a tube within said chamber having an opening near its lower end by means of which it is inl communication with said chamber and having a portion terminating outside sof said chamber -in a reduced discharge opening, some of the hydrocarbon which is not absorbed by the stream of air being conducted along the innenI wall or said tube .with respect to said discharge opening,

means within said tube Jfor causing the to take a whirling action near the discharge opening of said tube, and means for supplying air at an angle to said latter film to insure uniform mixture and combustion.

11. In a hydrocarbon burner, the combilnation of a tube, means for supplying air and hydrocarbon to said tubel whereby `the portion of the hydrocarbon which is not absorbed by the stream of air rises in a thin ilm along the wall of said tube as a result of the air passing upwardly therethrough, said tube terminating in a reduced discharge opening, and means mounted over said opening for changing the direction of the hydrocarbon and air by an angle of ninety degrees whereby the hydrocarbon( and air is directed horizontally outwardly in a thin film.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, this 4th day of September, 1923.

EZEKIEL FIELD WHITE.'

hydrocarbon and air passing therethrough

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