US1518899A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

V. Z. CARACRISTI BOILER Filed Sept. 2,y 1919 4 Sheets-Sheet l cf z5 W A. y a 25 ATTORNEY Dec. 9, l 924 V. Z. CARACRISTI BOILER Filed Sept. 2, 1919 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Wlywas K racra's BY% WM ATTORNEY Dec.y 9, 1924- ,58,899

` v. z. cARAcR|sT| BOILER Filed Sept. 2, 1919 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEY BOILER Filed Sept. 2, 1919 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Mln f wm

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ATTORNEY Patented Dec. S, i924.

UNITED STATES VLRGINIU S Z. ICARACRISTI, OF BRONXVILLE, NEW YORK.

BOILER.

Application led September 2, 1919. Serial No.,32,019.

To n/.f fte/mm I n.103/ concern.'

lic it known that I, VinGrNiUs Z. CARA- cxus'ri, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Bronxville, county of lVestchester, and State oi" New York, have 4invented certain new and useful Improvements in Boilers, of which the following is a speciication.

This invention relatesto steam boilers and more particularly to water tube boilers. and has for its object to provide an improved 'circulatory systerr. for the water whereby it is heated and converted into steam, nath by radiation within the furnace chamber and by the heat of convection as the products of combustion pass through said chamber.

lt is another object of my invention to provide 'an improved arrangementof the water tubes, the headers and the mud dr`um with respect to the furnace structure whereby the heat units of the products of combustion will be fully utilized, resulting in the maintenance of a high boiler capacity.

lt is also an important object of the invention to provide a novel arrangement of the water tubes in a plurality of banks or groups, whereby a maximum degree of circulating eiiiciency may be attained in the operation of the boiler.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists in the improved construction, combination andrelative arrangement of the several parts, as will be hereinafter more fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and subsequently incorporated in the su joined claims.

In the drawings wherein l have illustrated several practical embodiments of my invention, andin which similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the boiler showing one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a similar view illustratingan alternative constniction; and

Figs. 3 and 4 are vertical sectional views disclosing further embodiments of my invention.

Referring in detail to thc drawings, and more particularly to Fig. l thereof, 5 genorally designates the furnace structure having a chamber 6 through which the smoke and products of combustion rise from the tire bor.' through the .passage 7 which is laterally; offset to'one side of the center of the furnace structure.

In the opposite side walls of the furnace structure 5, and at relatively different elevations, 'the flat or rectangular headers 8 are arranged and suitably secured. These headers are connected to each other at their upper portions yby a bank of water tubes fl which are obliquel'y inclined across the furnace chamber 6 as shown.

A mud drum 10 is suitably mounted in the bottom wall of the chamber 6, and this drum is connected to the headers by the banks of vertical water tubes designated 11 and 12 respectively. The tubes 11 at their upper ends and below the bank of transverse tubes 9, are laterally extended in an outward direction and connected to one of the headers 8. The other bank of tubes l2- which are relatively short are also laterally extended below the transverse tubes 9 and are connected to the other of the headers 8.

A water feed drum 13 is mounted in ont` side of the furnace structure at-tlie upper end thereof, and is connected by a lurality of tubes 14 to the upper end of onel ieadei- 8. A drum 15 is also mounted in the opposit(` side of the furnace structure and connected by tubes 16 to the other of the headers. These drums 13 and 15 are connected to each other by a plurality of horizontal tubes 17 extending transversely of the furnace structure. 18 designates the' steam receiving drum arranged above the drum 15 and connected thereto by the tubes 19. A plurality of downwardly inclined transverse tubes 2O connect the drum 18 to the feed drum 13.

A vertically disposed baille wall 21 extends in parallel relation to the vertical portions of the tubes 11, said baille wall contactin at its lower end with the wall of the mud rum 10. At its upper end this baille follows the curvature of the upper ends of the tubes 11 for a short distance and is then vertically extended as at 22 to a point above the bank of transversely inclined tubes 9;

A second baffle wall 23 is arranged in parallel relation to the vertical series of tulvs 12 and has its lower end spaced from the mud drum 10. This baille wall also extends above the tubes 9 and likewise above the horizontal tubes 17, and in effect, constitutes a continuation of the wall of the outlet stack 24 for the products of combustion. `By the provision of these baille walls 21 and 23, it will be seen thatan intermediate vertical passage 25 4is provided through which the products of coinbustion must pass into the passage or cha-mber 26 between the baiile wall 23 and the adjacent side wall of the furnace. Above the header 8, this furnace wall is provided tubes 17, or a superheater 30 may be arran ed in the passage 25 between the baie wals 21 and 23. By the provision of the flat headers 8, access may be easily had to the several water circulating tubes from the exterior of the headers, for the purpose of cleaning said tubes.

In the operation of the boiler, the water from the feed drum 13 'flows downwardly -through tubes 14 into the 'header 8, a portion of the water passing through the. bank of tubes 9 to the opposite header, while the remainder flows downwardly through the tubes 12 and enters the mud drum 10. From this drum, the water rises through the other bank of tubes 11 to the opposite header 8 and hence passes upwardly into the drum 16. The water during its ow through the two vertical banks of tubes 11 and l2, is heated by radiation of heat from the products of combustion passing upwardly through the furnace chamber. The products of combustionthen impinge against the individual tubes 9 extending transversely across the upper end of the furnace chamber so that the water is also heated and converted into steam by the heat of convection. The steam flows upwardly from the drum 15 into the drinn 18 from which it is withdrawn through the pipe 31 and either conducted directly to the point of utilization or to the superheater.- It will be readily seen that by the provision of the transverse bank of tubes 9 in addition to the vertical banks of tubes l1 and 12, there is obtained a maximum number of water passa es upon the walls of which the products o combustion will impinge in theirl passage to the outlet stack or Hue. By arranging the superheaters as indicated, it is possible to maintain a high degree of operating efficiency and secure a maximum temperature of the steam.

In Fig. 2 of the drawings I have illustrated a slightly different construction wherein the inud drum 10 is located at one side of the furnace struct-ure and in line Y9 as shown at 22".

with one of the headers 8. In this arrangement, in addition to the inclined" transverse tubes 9, a series of vertical tubes 12 connect the mud drum 10 to the header which is in line therewith, while ,a series of relatively long curved tubes 11 connect the opposite header-8 to the mud drum. The battle walls 23 and 21 corresponding to those above referred to are also provided in this arrangement of the boiler tubes. The relatively long curved tubes 11 are heated substantially throughout their length by the products of combustion, and provide a very economical installation, while affording an extensive heat eonduetin' area.. this arrangement likewise, it wi be readily seen that the water is heated and converted into steam in its passage throughthe tubes 11, 12 and 9, first by the heat of radiation, and secondly by the heat of convection.

In Fig. 3 of the drawings I have disclosed another arrangementy in which the mud drum 10a is centrally arranged as in Fig. 1. The headers 32 and 33 are arranged in opposite sides of the furnace structure and at different elevations. In this form of the boiler, the headers are cylindrical, and the header 33 is of greater diameter than the header 32. This header 33 is-connected to the water feed drum 13 by the horizontal tubes 17 and to the steam collecting drum 18' by the vertical tubes 19. Downwardly inclined tubes 20 connect the steam collect-ing drum 18 to the water feed drum 13.

In the construction disclosed in Fig. 3, a bank of transversely inclined tubes 9 conneet the header drums 32 and 33 with each other, and a second bank of water tubes 11 and 12a extends downwardly from each of the header drums, said tubes likewise being obliquely inclined in an inward direction and connected at their lower ends to the mud drum 10a. IVatei conducting tubes 14 connect the water feed drum 13 to the header 32, and immediately below this header, the furnace structure is provided with the outlet 27a for the products of combustion. The baffle wall 21 extends upwardly from the mud drinn 10'* and for ,about one half the length of the tubes l1a and is then inwardly and obliquely inclined and extended upwardly across tlie bank of tubes The other baie wall 23* which corresponds to the baille wall 23 above referred to, has its lower ortion iuclined inwardly and terminating at its lower end in spaced relation to the druni 10. This arrangement likewise adords a boiler having a maximum steam generating capacity.

In Fig. 4 I have illustrated a duplex water tube boiler in which the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 is duplicated. In this case,

the mud drums l()IJ are arranged respectively in the opposite sides of the furnace structure. while the header drums 33b are arranged centrally of the furnace at the top thereof. and connected to each other by a series of tubes 34. The steam collecting drum 18h is connected by two series of tubes 1.9b to the respective header drums 33", and the tubes 24V extend from the opposite sidesof the collecting drum to the respective water feed drains 13'". In this double boiler arrangement. it will be understood that the products ot' combustion rise through the center of the furnace chamber,'and after impinging upon the two series of water tubes 1l, strike the top wall of the furnace chamber and then pass downwardly between the spaced bafile walls and finally upwardly through the bank of tubes 12a at each side of Athe furnace to the outlet stack orflue. It will be appreciated that by vmeans of this novel arrangement of the banks of water circulating tubes, in the double boiler construction, of comparatively small size, I obtain a very high ratio between the heating surface of the drums and the heating surface. of the tubes whereby the fuel consumption is materially reduced.

It is of course possible to arrange the several series of water circulating tubes in numerous other ways than as suggested in the accompanying drawings without departing from the salient features of my invention. namely. the provision of a transversely extending bank of tubes connecting the headers to each other above the two vertical series of water tubes. and the relative arrangement of the baffles so as to obtain. a maximum heating effect on the water circulating through said tubes during the passage of the products of combustion through the furnace chamber. It is a well known fact, that the heat of convection is more effective in the operation of water tube boilers in converting the water luto steam. than a radiant heat. In each of the above disclosed embodiments of my invention, I have succeeded in a very compact arrangement of the water tubes in effectively utilizing the initial radiant heat as thc products of combustion pass through the furnace chamber and travel in paral el relation to the vertical series of tubes, and then heating the water l2' convection as the products of combustion nally pass through the transverse upon the individual tubes thereof before passing to the outlet stack ofthe furnace. lt is accordingly to be borne 1n mind that while I have herein disclosed several practical constructions, the invention may likewise be exemplified in numerous other alternative forms, and I therefore reserve the privilege of adopting all such legitimate changes in the form, construction and relabank of tubes and impinge y tive arran gemcnt of the several parts as may be fairly embodied within the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed.

I claim:

1. In combination with a furnace structure, a water tube boiler including headers mounted in opposite sides of the furnace structure, a mud drum mounted in the lower end of the furnace structure, a bank of water circulating tubes connecting each of the headers to the mud drum, water and steam drums mounted in the furnace above theheaders. means separate from said water circulating tubes for establishing water connection Ibetween the headers through said drums -so as to provide a complete system of water circulation in the `furnace, an additional bank vof water circulating tubes connect-ing the headers to each other and extending across the furnace above said first bank of tubes, and battles subdividing the furnace chamber into a plurality of in'- tercommunicating passages for the products of combustion and permitting of the uaim eded normal travel of the gases along an between the tubes in the first mentioned bank and the repeated impingement of the. gases upon the tubes in said additional bank.

2. In combination with a .furnace structure, a water tube boiler including a pair of headers, spaced banks of vertically extending water circulating tubes connected to the respective headers at one of their ends and communicating with each other at their other ends, a longitudinally disposed bank of water circulating tubes conneetiug the headers with each other above said spaced banks of vertical tubes, additional means separatefrom said tubes and including a water drum for conducting water from one to the other of said headers, and spaced baffle walls sub-dividingr the furnace chamber into a plurality of intercommunicating vertical passages, said baille walls extending in parallel relation to the vertical banks of tubes and also across the longitudinal bank of tubes at spaced points along the latter tubes to thereby concentrate, the products of combustion and cause their impingement successively upon different portions of said longitudinal tubes while permitting of the unimpeded flow of such products of combustion through the passa es to the furnace.

3. n combination with a furnace structure. a vertical type water tube boiler including rectangular headers mounted in the opposite side walls of the furnace structure, a mud drum mounted in the lower part of the furnace structure, spaced vertically extending banks of water circulating tubes connecting the respective headers to the mud drum, a longitudinally inclined bank of water circulating tubes connecting the llt headers to each otherand arranged above said longitudinal banks of tubes, additional means separate from said tubes and including a Water drum for conducting water from one to the other of said headers, and

ispaced baliie walls extending in the same genera-l direction as-the respective banks of vertical tubes and; also extending across the lon itudinal bank of tubes atv points spaced ongitudinally thereof, said baille walls dividing the furnace chamber into a series of intercommunicatingvertical passages permitting of the unretarded flow of the products of combustion through said passages and concentrating the products of combustion for irnpingementupon the longitudinal bank of water tubes a plurality of times before passing into the outlet of the furnace.

` tudinallyv inclinedftubes to cause the. prod- 4o ture, headers mounted in the opposite sides l ucts of combustion' to travel `in a circuitous course through the furnace chamber and inipinge upon-'allportions of the tubes in thc several banks,a Water feed drum connected to one 'ofgsaid headers, and a steam co1 lectin drum` connected to 'the other header.

5. Ign combination with a furnace strucof said structure and at ldifferent elevations, a bank of longitudinally'inclined Wa-Y ter circulating tubes connectingthe headers to each other, a `mud drum below the headers, additional banks of Water. circulating tubes connecting each of the headers to said druml and arranged substantially1 in parallel relation for a portion of their length, spaced vertically disposed baille plates disposed in parallel relation to the -latter tubes and extending across the longitudinally inclinedtubes, to`cause the products of combustion to travel in a. circuitous course through the furnace chamber and impinge upon all portions of the tubes in the several banks, a water feed drum connected to one of said headers, a steam" collecting drinn connected to the other head-l ers, and a series of tubes connecting the steam collecting drum to the WaterV feed '6. In combination with a furnace structure, a pair of headers mounted on opposite sides of the-furnace, water and steam drums mounted in the furnace above the headers, tubesconnecting the water and'steamdrums to' each other, tubes connecting one of said drums to one of the headers and the other of said drums to the other header,'fa' mud drum, banks of tubes extendingverticallyof the furnace and connecting each of'the headers to tl1en1ud'drum,` such, banks of tubes, the mud drum, the headers, the wa-;. ter and steam drums andthe vconnecting I' tubes therebetween forminga complete sys.

tem Aof Water circulation throughoutjt-he furnace, and a bank of tubes. extending between said headers longitudinally'4 ofp'thc.

furnace andfprovidin" a path of flow for Water between said headers in` thesame general direction lwith respectto the furnace stiguecture as the 'flow throu'glithe"vertical tu s.

In testimony that" I claimthe foregoing4 as my invention, I have signed my= name hereund er. VIRGINIUS Z.` CARACRISTI.

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