US1475359A - Piston - Google Patents
Piston Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1475359A US1475359A US524055A US52405521A US1475359A US 1475359 A US1475359 A US 1475359A US 524055 A US524055 A US 524055A US 52405521 A US52405521 A US 52405521A US 1475359 A US1475359 A US 1475359A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- head
- piston
- ears
- section
- skirt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
- F02F3/0069—Multi-part pistons the crown and skirt being interconnected by the gudgeon pin
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/02—Light metals
- F05C2201/021—Aluminium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0448—Steel
Definitions
- My invention relates to'pistons and particularly to means of this character adapted for use in internal combustion engines.
- the purpose of the invention is to design a piston which shall have an e'llicient bearing in the cylinder; which shall provide satisfactorily quick cooling of the piston head; and which shall provide automatic adjustment for the differential in thel heating and cooling ot the piston skirt and pistonl head.
- This piston is a composite structure and possesses advantages incidentto the aforedescribed design which will be hereinafter discussed in detail.
- Figure l represents an elevation of my improved piston, the piston skirt being shown in section and the usual wrist pin and connecting rod being omitted;
- Figure 2 represents a horizontal section. laken in the planes indicated hy the line liv-ll, Figure 3;
- Figure 3 represent-s a vert-ical section, taken in the planes indicated by 'the'line lill-Ill, Figure 2;
- Figure 4E represents a vertical section, taken in the plane indicated by the line 'IV-l V, Figure 3.
- skirt 2 may he of any suitable wear-resisting material having a relatively low coellicient oll thermal expansion and a rela-tively low heat conductivity, such as cast-iron or a section y ing together theskirt 2 and head f in Figure 3.
- the head 3 of my improved piston is formed of an alloy or a metal having a relatively high coefficient ot thermal expansion and relatively rapid heat',conductivity and for the purposes ol' illustration, I shall describe the head 3 ot this specification as made of aluminum.
- the head 3 is formed with exterior grooves it to receive the usual piston rings 5; has a. pair of integral diametrically opposed downwardly extending lugs G formed with integral inwardly extending bosses adapted to receive and accommo- ⁇ date the usual piston wrist pin 8.
- a reinforcing, rib 9 ' is formed integrally with the head. 3 and runs transversely across the inner face oi the latter and is provided with integral downwardly extending portions 9 integrally connecting withi ⁇ the upper part of the wrist pin bosses 7, as plainly shown in Figure 4.
- .l shall now describe means for connect- For this purpose l form the head 3 with an annular series of downwardly extending ears 10 vvhich are secured to the skirt 2 and as illustrating one approved method of so securing these ears 10 l show thesame provided with tapped holes for receiving suitable screws ll which are passed through the Wall of the skirt 2 adjaccntly the upper edge of the latter and are preferably counter-sunk ⁇ in said wall, as plainly'shown
- the aluminum head 3 is somewhat smaller in diameter than the' skirt 2
- the aluminum head 3 can expand the necessary amount greater than the expansion et the cast-iron skirt 2.
- My means for connecting the skirt 2 and head 3 are very efficient and vet adequately provide for the necessary adjustment of the head and skirt, due to their dverent coefficients ot expansion, the ears 10 having enough spring to compensate for this difference of expansion between the bot-tom of the head Il and the top ot the skirt 2.
- the llexible ears l() are east integrally with the aluminum head 3.
- l undercut the ears Il as indicated by the ordinal 12, better t0 allow for the necessary spring of these ears when compensating for the different expansions of the skirt 2 and head 3.'
- a piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a guide section and a head section of different materials; and flexible means for securing together said two sections, whereby adjustment is allowed for the differential in expansion.
- a piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a guide section and a head section of dlfferent materials, one of said sections being formed with fiexible ears; and means for securing said ears to the other section, wherebyadjustment is allowed for the differential in expansion.
- a pistonv fot? an internal combustion engine comprisingya guide section ol material having a reliftively low coefficient of thermal expansion; a head section of' material having a relatively .high coefficient of' thermal expansion, said head section being formed with a series ofA flexible ears; and means for securing said ears to said guide section, whereby adjustment is allowed for the differential in expansion.
- a piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a cast-iron guide section; an aluminum head section formed with a series of integrally cast flexible ears; and means for securing said ears to said 'guide section, whereby adjust-ment is allowed for the differential in expansion.
- a piston for an internal combustion engine comprising 4a cast-iron guide section; an aluminum head section, the latter being formed with a series of downwardly extending tapped fiexible ears; and screws secur ing said ears to said guide section, whereby adjustment is allowed for the differential in expansion.
- a piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a cast-iron guide section; an aluminum head section of smaller diameter; and flexible means Afor securing together said two sections, whereby adjustment'is allowed for the differential in expansion.
- 51 piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a cast-iron guide section; an aluminum head section of smaller ⁇ diameter, said head section being formed with a series of' downwardly extending tapped flexible ears; and screws securin said ears to said guide section ⁇ whereby ajustinent is allowed for the differential in expansion. 4
- a piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a cast-iron guide section; an aluminum head section, the latter'being formed with a series of downwardly extended ears having undercut grooves in the seetions joining the ears to the head; and.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Description
Nov. 27 1923. L47559 R. WOODRUFF PIsToNA Filed Dec. 22. 1921 2 She`ets-Sheet 2 paitenteel Nov. 27, 1923.
,. rra stares RUSSELL J'. WOODRUFF, 0F CLEVELAND, OHIO.
- Heron.
application filed December 22, 1921.
To all wim/m t fmafg/ concern.'
Be it. known that Rossa-LL J. lVo. nrrrr. a citizen e' the United States, resildent ot' Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and
State of (lhio, have invented vnew and useful Improvements in Pistons, ol which the following isv a specification, the principle ot the invention being herein explained, and the best` mode in which l have conteml plated applying that principle, so as 'to distinguish it from other inventions.
My invention relates to'pistons and particularly to means of this character adapted for use in internal combustion engines. The purpose of the invention is to design a piston which shall have an e'llicient bearing in the cylinder; which shall provide satisfactorily quick cooling of the piston head; and which shall provide automatic adjustment for the differential in thel heating and cooling ot the piston skirt and pistonl head. This piston is a composite structure and possesses advantages incidentto the aforedescribed design which will be hereinafter discussed in detail.
rilhe annexed drawings and the following description set forth in detail certain means embodying my invention, the disclosed means, however', constituting but one ot the 3o various t'orins in which the principle of the invention may be employed.
in said annexed drawings:
Figure l represents an elevation of my improved piston, the piston skirt being shown in section and the usual wrist pin and connecting rod being omitted;
Figure 2 represents a horizontal section. laken in the planes indicated hy the line liv-ll, Figure 3;
Figure 3 represent-s a vert-ical section, taken in the planes indicated by 'the'line lill-Ill, Figure 2; and
Figure 4E represents a vertical section, taken in the plane indicated by the line 'IV-l V, Figure 3.
Referring to the annexed drawings in which the several elements are indicated by the same respective ordinals in the different Views, the wall of an internal combustion engine. cylinder is suggested'by the ordinal '1, within which is guided the skirt 2 of my improved piston. This skirt 2 may he of any suitable wear-resisting material having a relatively low coellicient oll thermal expansion and a rela-tively low heat conductivity, such as cast-iron or a section y ing together theskirt 2 and head f in Figure 3.
Serial No. 524,055.
of steel tnbing,and for the purposes of illustration in this specification, l shall describe this skirt 2 as made of cast-iron. The head 3 of my improved piston is formed of an alloy or a metal having a relatively high coefficient ot thermal expansion and relatively rapid heat',conductivity and for the purposes ol' illustration, I shall describe the head 3 ot this specification as made of aluminum. The head 3 is formed with exterior grooves it to receive the usual piston rings 5; has a. pair of integral diametrically opposed downwardly extending lugs G formed with integral inwardly extending bosses adapted to receive and accommo-` date the usual piston wrist pin 8. A reinforcing, rib 9 'is formed integrally with the head. 3 and runs transversely across the inner face oi the latter and is provided with integral downwardly extending portions 9 integrally connecting withi` the upper part of the wrist pin bosses 7, as plainly shown in Figure 4.
.l shall now describe means for connect- For this purpose l form the head 3 with an annular series of downwardly extending ears 10 vvhich are secured to the skirt 2 and as illustrating one approved method of so securing these ears 10 l show thesame provided with tapped holes for receiving suitable screws ll which are passed through the Wall of the skirt 2 adjaccntly the upper edge of the latter and are preferably counter-sunk `in said wall, as plainly'shown Preferably, the aluminum head 3 is somewhat smaller in diameter than the' skirt 2,
approximately .01() inch to .015 inch smaller so that whereas the skirt 2 has a running fit in the cylinder l, the aluminum head 3 can expand the necessary amount greater than the expansion et the cast-iron skirt 2. My means for connecting the skirt 2 and head 3 are very efficient and vet adequately provide for the necessary adjustment of the head and skirt, due to their diilerent coefficients ot expansion, the ears 10 having enough spring to compensate for this difference of expansion between the bot-tom of the head Il and the top ot the skirt 2. Preferahly,the llexible ears l() are east integrally with the aluminum head 3. Preferably, although not, necessarily, l undercut the ears Il), as indicated by the ordinal 12, better t0 allow for the necessary spring of these ears when compensating for the different expansions of the skirt 2 and head 3.'
What I claim is:
1. A piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a guide section and a head section of different materials; and flexible means for securing together said two sections, whereby adjustment is allowed for the differential in expansion.
2. A piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a guide section and a head section of dlfferent materials, one of said sections being formed with fiexible ears; and means for securing said ears to the other section, wherebyadjustment is allowed for the differential in expansion.
3. A pistonv fot? an internal combustion engine comprisingya guide section ol material having a reliftively low coefficient of thermal expansion; a head section of' material having a relatively .high coefficient of' thermal expansion, said head section being formed with a series ofA flexible ears; and means for securing said ears to said guide section, whereby adjustment is allowed for the differential in expansion.
4. A piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a cast-iron guide section; an aluminum head section formed with a series of integrally cast flexible ears; and means for securing said ears to said 'guide section, whereby adjust-ment is allowed for the differential in expansion.-
5. A piston for an internal combustion engine comprising 4a cast-iron guide section; an aluminum head section, the latter being formed with a series of downwardly extending tapped fiexible ears; and screws secur ing said ears to said guide section, whereby adjustment is allowed for the differential in expansion.
6. A piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a cast-iron guide section; an aluminum head section of smaller diameter; and flexible means Afor securing together said two sections, whereby adjustment'is allowed for the differential in expansion.
7. 51 piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a cast-iron guide section; an aluminum head section of smaller` diameter, said head section being formed with a series of' downwardly extending tapped flexible ears; and screws securin said ears to said guide section` whereby ajustinent is allowed for the differential in expansion. 4
8. A piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a cast-iron guide section; an aluminum head section, the latter'being formed with a series of downwardly extended ears having undercut grooves in the seetions joining the ears to the head; and.
means for securing said ears to said guide section.
Signed by me this 12th day of December,
RUSSELL J. VOODRUFF.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US524055A US1475359A (en) | 1921-12-22 | 1921-12-22 | Piston |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US524055A US1475359A (en) | 1921-12-22 | 1921-12-22 | Piston |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1475359A true US1475359A (en) | 1923-11-27 |
Family
ID=24087566
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US524055A Expired - Lifetime US1475359A (en) | 1921-12-22 | 1921-12-22 | Piston |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1475359A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005060611A1 (en) * | 2005-12-17 | 2007-06-21 | Mahle International Gmbh | Multiple component piston for a combustion engine comprises a fixing device which fixes an inner support element of a piston upper part to an inner support element of the piston lower part |
US9004037B2 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2015-04-14 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Piston assembly for internal combustion engine |
-
1921
- 1921-12-22 US US524055A patent/US1475359A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005060611A1 (en) * | 2005-12-17 | 2007-06-21 | Mahle International Gmbh | Multiple component piston for a combustion engine comprises a fixing device which fixes an inner support element of a piston upper part to an inner support element of the piston lower part |
US9004037B2 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2015-04-14 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Piston assembly for internal combustion engine |
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