US1311213A

US1311213A - Nsttebnal-combustion engine

Info

Publication number: US1311213A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1919-07-29
Anticipated expiration: 1936-07-29

Description

J. E. DIAMOND. SNTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I4. 1917.

Patentvd July 29, 1919,

2 SHEETS-SHEET I, E. DIAMOND. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I4. I9I7 Patented July 29, IIII9.

2 SHE;TSSHEET 2- JAMES E. IAMOND, or crinvnmnn onro.

mrnnnnn comnnsrron ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented uly 29, 1919.

Application filed June 14, 191%. Seria1'No.174,6% )8.

bustion E ngines,of which the following is a spec1ficat1on,-reference being had therein to 1 the accompanying. drawing.

This nvention relates to an improved frame and cylinder construotlon for internal combustion engines.

One object of the invention is to provide an internal combustion engine having" a light weight in relation to itS'POWGI ca.- pacity.

4 Another object of the invention is to pro-' vide an internal combustion'engine having high thermodynamic and mechanical efliciencies.

A further object of the invention, ancillary to the foregoing objects, is to provide an improved composite frame and cylinder construction'in which the main frame parts are formed of light weight metal oralloy while the walls of the cylinders proper are formed of different material having suitable wear-resisting qualities andare permanently secured to the main frame parts when the latter are cast.

Other objectswhich I have sought to at tain will be understood from the following description in which I set forth, in connection with the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiments of the invention. 4

In the drawings,

Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section through one of the cylinders of an engine embodying my improvements, the section being taken on the line 1--1 of Fig. 2. V

Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the cylinder head casting. I

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the upper part of the main frame casting. of the engine.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary transverse vertlcal section through the frame and cylinder of anengine showing a modified form of construction.

In the drawings, 1 indicates as an entirety the main frame casting of the engine which is preferably formed of metal of low specific gravity, such as a suitable aluminum alloy.

, This casting comprises the upper part 1 of a closed crank case and the walls of a water jacket 1*, the crank case. and jacket parts of'the casting beingjoin'ed by a contracted sect on 1. In its upper part the casting 1 is formed with a series of horizontally disposed rings 1, 1 1, 1, said rings being 'connectedwith the main walls of the casting l by bridge or tie parts 1, 1 The rings 1,

' 1 and 1, 1 respectively, are preferably united. at 1 and 1.

-The' cylindersproper are in the form of

sleeves

2, 2 of suitable wear-resisting .material. In the construction shown in Fig. 1

the cylinder sleeves are preferably formed of iron or steel. At their upper ends the cylinder sleeves 2 are permanently rigidly. attached each to one of-the rings 1 1, 1 and 1 while their lower parts extend through the contracted. section 1 of the frame casting and project into the chamber of the crank case. The cylinder sleeves fit tightly but movably in the contracted section 1 of the casting 1, each-sleeve being surrounded by a metallic packing-ring 3 to insure a water tight joint. The sleeves are permanently united to the frame casting when the latter is formed. As. iron and steel have coefiicientsof thermal expansion differing widely from that .of aluminum alloy employed for the mainframe casting 1, I. have-devised a form of construction which provides for differences of expansion of the parts due to the heatof combustion within the cylinder, and I will now describe in detail themanner in whichthis construction is produoed. I

. The cylinder sleeves are preferably machined inside and outside and at their upper ends are externally formed with projections adapted to interlock with the metal of the casting 1. Such projections can conveniently be. formed by -threading the upper end of the-cylinder as indicated at 2 and then grooving .it longitudinally as at '2". When the sleeves have been prepared in this manner, I next coat the threaded outer surface with a metal, such as copper, which is adapted to fuse; both with the hon or steel of the cylinder sleeve and with the alumi 'num alloy of the frame casting 1. The cop- The metal packingrings 3 are then slipped over the cylinder sleeves and the latter are suitably placed in the mold in which the main frame casting is to be poured; The frame casting is then poured and its molten metal forming the rings 1, 1, 1 and 1 fuses with the upper ends of the cylinder sleeves 2 or, rather, with the copper or other coating on the sleeves 2, which coating in turn fuses ,with-the metal of the sleeves so thatthe latter at their upper end are practically integrally united'with the metal of the main frame casting 1. At the lower ends of the cylinder-sleeves where they pass through the contracted parts 1 of the frame casting, the coating of graphite prevents the aluminum alloy of the frame cast-ing from fusing with the metal of; the cylinder sleeves so that when the main frame casting is -cooled it fitsvery snugly around the lower parts of the cylinder sleeve but is not integrally united with said parts; on the contrary, it is, free to move longitudinally of the cylinder sleeves under the great stress of thermal expansion when the parts expand unequally.

On theupper part of the frame and cylinder structure is mounted a head castingi which is also preferably formed of metal of low specific gravity similar to that employed for'the main casting 1. The head casting is 'removably secured .to themain'casting by screw bolts 5, '5, asuitable gasket 6 being interposed between the two castings toin sure a water and-gas tight joint. The head casting is formed with a series of combustion-chambers 4, one for each cylinder of the engine. The head casting is also formed with inlet and

exhaust passages

4 and 4 for each of the combustion chambers. The said passages are controlled by puppet valves 7 and 8 which coiiperate with seats 9 and 10. These seats arepreferably formed of wearresisting metal such as bronze or alloy steel and may be secured to the head casting in any suitable manner as by casting them in when the head casting is formed. The valves may be actuated in anysuitable manner by the cam operated rocker arms 11, 12 and

springs

13, 14. I

The head casting is chambered out to form a water jacket space 4? which surrounds the combustion chamber and the inlet and exhaust passages P and e2. The water jacket space-4? of the head casting, as will be seen from an inspection-or igs. 2 and 3, is freely form water outlet openings 4". These inlet and outlet openings may be connected in any suitable manner with a radiator or other cooling apparatus.

The head casting 4: is provided, in connection with each combustion. chamber, with a cylindrical conduit 4: each of which opens into. one of the combustion chambers and is adapted to receive a spark plug.-

- In each of the cylinder sleeves 2 is arranged a piston 15 preferably formed'of an aluminum alloy or other metal. of light weight and high thermal conductivity in comparison with iron. Each piston is operatively connected by connecting rod 16avit-l1 the crank shaft 17, said shaft being suitably mounted in bearings carried by the main frame casting 1. 18 is the bottom or pan member of the crank case. It is bolted in the usual manner to the upper part of the crank. case and serves in connection therewithto entirely inclose the crank shaft, connecting rods, etc. a

It will be seen that I have produced a form of construction that materially reduces the weight of the engine, as compared with prior forms of construction. forming the upper part of the crank case and the water acket walls in a single casting of light weight metal, making the head casting of a similar light weight metal and male,

ing the cylinders proper in the form of relatively thin'sleeves, I not only reduce the weight of the engine to a minnnum but at tain high thern'io-dynamic and mechanical efiiciency, the gain in efliciency arising from the fact that the cylinder wall can be made of selected materials especially suited to the purpose and also from the fact'that-said walls, formed of suitable material, can be made thin andof uniform thickness so that their contraction-and expansion will be uniform throughout. mechanical friction between the piston and cylinder wall is reduced to a minimum and the working temperature of the engine can be controlled to secure av maximum'of thermodynamicefiiciency.

As previously explained, the cylinder Under these conditions In fact, by

sleeves 2 are practically integrally united with the metal of the cylinder casting 1, so that there is no possibility of leakage. For that matter the joints between the cylinder sleeves and the frame casting 1 are covered by the gasket 6. At the lower end of the water jacket space, the joints between .the cylinder sleeves-and'the casting 1 permit of longitudinal expansion or contraction of the cylinder sleeves in relation to the frame casting but provide so snug a fit between the parts that leakage is obviated.

In Fig, 4 of the drawingIshow a modified a form of construction which contemplates the ;i use of bronze or other alloy-"for the cylinderwf Certain sleeves in lieu of iron for? steel. bronzes have very excellent bearing and wear-resistmg qualities and coefficients of thermal expansion approaching those of aluminum alloys such as are suitable for the main frame casting'of the engine; There fore, by using such material for the cylinder sleeves, it is possible to integrally unite the h latter with the main frame castihg at both ends of the sleeveswithout having the structure subjected tounduly large stresses inci'- dent to differences 'of expansion and contraction. In Fig. 4' I show a construction of this character comprising a 'main frame casting 31 which isfor' the most part similar to the casting. 1 in'the'; form of construction shown in Fig. 1 However, in this case the cylinder sleeves 32 'are formed of bronze andhave their u per ends .threaded as at. 32 and groove as at 32.- They also have their lower parts, where they extendthrough the contracted part 31 of the main frame casting, threadedas at 32 and grooved as at .32. In producing. this form of constructionthe bronze cylinder sleeves may be placed in the. mold for the frame casting and when the" latter is poured the molten aluminum alloy" fuses with the bronze of the sleeve so that the sleeves have their upper ends integrally united to the rings 31 and their lower parts similarly united to the contracted part 31 of comes in direct contact with said sleeve, theframe casting being permanently rigidly united to the upper end-of said sleeve by being cast thereon.

2 In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder sleeve of wearresisting metal, of a frame casting of light weight metal shaped to form the upper part of a crank case and water jacket walls surrounding and spaced from the cylinder sleeve so that the acket water comes in direct contact with'sa'id sleeve, the frame casting being permanently rigidly-united tothe upper end of the cylinder sleeve by being cast thereon. I

3. In an internal combustion engine, the

engine, the

combination-of a cylinder sleeve of wear resisting' metal, a frame casting of light l'weight metal shaped to form the upper part ofa crank case and water jacket walls sur- --rounding and spaced from the cylinder sleeve so that thejacket watercomes in direct contact with said sleeve, the'frame casting being'permanently rigidly united to the upper end of the cylinder sleeve by being cast thereon, and acylinder head casting of lightweight metal separably secured to the upper end of the frame casting.

' 4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder sleeve of ferrous metal, of a frame casting of aluminum alloy shaped to form water jacket walls surroundingand spacedfrom the cylinder sleeve so that thejacket water comes in direct contact "with' said sleeve, the frame casting being permanently rigidly united to the upper end of said sleeve by being cast thereon.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination with a cylinder sleeve of ferrous metal, of a frame casting of aluminum-allo shaped to form the-upper part of a cran case and Water jacket walls surrounding and spaced from the cylinder sleeve so that the jacket water comes in direct contact with the said-sleeve, said jacket wallsbeing permanently rig'gidly united to the up er end of the 1 cylmder sleeve by being cast tiereon and in ht movable contact with the lower part in o the cylinder sleeve in a zone between the water jacket and crank case.

6. Irran internal combustion engine, the

combination with a cylinder sleeve of wearresisting metal, of a frame casting of light weight metal shaped to form water jacket walls surrounding and spaced from the cylinder sleeve so that the jacket water comes indirect contact with said sleeve, the frame casting being" permanentlyf rigidly united to the upper .endof said sleeve'by -be- Y its ing cast thereon, and means for forming a I water tight joint'between thecasting' and the cylinder sleeve at the: bottom of thewater acket.-

7. In an internal combustion engine,- the combination with a cylinder sleeve of wearresisting metal, of a frame Casting of light weight metal shaped to form water jacket walls surrounding and s aced from the cylinder sleeve so that t e jacket \water comes in direct contact with said sleeve and :also shaped to form a horizontal annular 'wall disposed W thin the upper part' of the jacket walls and permanently rigidly united to the upper end of the cylinder sleeve by being castthereon.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder sleeve of wear =resisting metal, a frame casting of light weight metal shaped to .form water jacket walls surrounding and spaced from the cylinder sleeve so that the jacket water comes in directcontact with the said sleeve and Walls and the jacket Walls and leaving upwardly opening passages for water, and a cylinde'f head casting of light Weight metal having a water jacket -chamber connecting With the said water passages of the frame 10 casting. v

In testimony whereof, I afli'x my signature.

JAMES E. DIAMOND.