US1467839A - Window and ventilator - Google Patents

Description

Sept 11, 1923. I mfimw E.VV COTTER ET AL WINDOW AND VENTILATOR -Filed Nov. 26. 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 11, 123. E. W. COTTER ET AL WINDOW' AND VENTILATOR Filed Nov. 26. 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 E. W. CUTTER ET AL WINDOW AND VENTILATOR Filed' Nov.

Patented Sept. 11, 1923.

i stirs ii ifi ERNEST WILLIAM comma, or SYIJENHAIVI, oNDoN, AND nn nsrTRoUeIHToN, or BROCKLEY, LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNORS TO J. STONE & COMPANY LIMITED, or

DEPIFORD, ENGLAND.

WINDOW AND VENTILATOR.

Application filed November 26, 1920. Serial No. 426,555.

T 7 71 720??? it may concern:

Be it known that we, Ennns'r lViLLuivr (Terran, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Kingsthorpe Road, Sydenham. London, S. E. 26, England. and FnNnsr TnoUonroN, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at 100 Adelaide Road, Broclrley, London, S. 4, England, have invented certain new and useful Im provements in and Connected with .Vindows and Ventihtors, of which the following is a specification.

T his invention comprises improvements in and connected with windows and ventilators and. has for its principal object to pre-- vide a simple and e'lfie'ient opening and closing mechanism which is applicable for operating ventilator sashes or devices and.

wh ch can be conveniently operated.

Also. the object of the invention is to adapt the said opening and closing mechanism tor appli ation to that type of window in which upper and lower sashes are provided at the sides with toothed racks on gagg or meshing with pinions, so that one sash balances the other. In this adaptation, the mechanism may he used for-moving one sash a little to give a ventilation opening without causing: movement of the other sash, in addition to serving for balanc' one sash a gainst the other and producing simultaneous and opposite motion or such sashes in the manner known in self-balancing windows.

it further object of the invent on is to mprove the construction 01. windows of the seliihalancing type and other subsidiary objects are to provide for the tightening" and tastcniug of the sashes in a simple and ettective manner, and also to enable one sash, n emergency, to be fully opened without disturbing the other sash. I

erding' to this invention the opening and closing mechanism comprises opposed racks and intermediate pinions' meshing with the racks the pinions being mounted so to have, under the influence of operating levers. a limited rolling): .motion along one of the racks in addition to revolving motion. thereby increasing the movement of the ventilator or sash as compared with the amount oi movement which would be produced it the pinions revolved. on a fixed other sash. for the purpose of obtaining a ventilating opening, but it also permits of the two sashes being opened or closed simultaneously after the manner of sashes in self-balancing windows. In the case of self-balancing: sashes being used, the two sashes may be separated by an interposed guide frame and the members of the latter may be inserted or seated in a groove formed around the interior of the window frame- In the case of a metal window, the interposed tr'ame may be of T-section metal and may be secured by fastening the head of the T Tg'illilSi] the interior of the window frame, or it may be integral with the window l'raine.

- In order to enable this invention to be readily understood, reference is made to the accompanying drawing in which:

Figure 1 is an elevation of a window fitted with these improvements and as seen from the interior of a room or. compartment.

Figure 2 is a central vertical section of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a horizontal section of Figure 2 at the part where the pinion is mounted.

Figure 4.- is a verticalisection and similar to the top part of Figure 2, but showing a modification suitable for use in the construction of' metal windows.

Figure 53 is a section similar to Figure 3 but of a metal window such as is seen in Figure 4..

Figure 6 is a view similar to the middle part of Figure 2, but showing the operating parts in the position for producing a ventilation opening of the window.

Figure 7 is a sectional side elevation of a. modified mechanism and Figure 8 is a section of Figure 7, the plane of the section being parallel with the plane of the window.

Figures Sand 10 correspond with. Figures 7 and 8 respectively but illustrate another modification.

Figures 11 and 12 also correspond with Figures 7 and 8 respectively and illustrate yet another modification.

Figures 13 and 141 are side and front elevations respectively of a lever mechanism such as is seen in Figures 2 and 6.

Figure 15 1s a side elevation and Figure 16 1s a front elevation, with a part broken away, illustrating a modification for enabling one sash to be fully opened without disturbing the other as'above referred to.

Figure 17 is a sectional side elevation illustrating the application of a differential pinion for meshing with the racks of selfbalancing sashes, and I Figure 18 is a horizontal section of Figure 17.

The opening and closing mechanism embodying these improvements will first be described in connection with a window of the so-called self-balancing sashtype, but,

as will appear, by assuming that the lower sash isa fixture, the functioning of the 1111- proved opening and closing mechanism will be clear, apart from its adaption for use the former with a rack (Z and the latter with a rack 6. These racks are spaced apart so that they may mutually mesh with an intermediate pinion f and in this manner the weight of the top sash is balanced by the lower sash in known manner. Now it is advantageous, particularly on board shipfto be able to open the top sash to. a small extent to give a ventilating opening, and in order that this may be accomplished without also opening the bottom sash, the improved opening and closing mechanismis introduced, as will now be described) "In one arrangement, and as will be seen from Figures'Q, 3, 6, 13 and 14;, the pinions f, at each side of the window are mounted on stub axles 0 formed or fitted on the short arms p of two-armed levers formed with lateral pivotal projections g. The long arms 1 of these levers pass through slot openings .9, Figure 1, at the sides of the frame and into the. compartment, room, declrhouseor cabin or other interior, the pivotal projections taking into short horizontal. guides provided at the sides of the window. In wood frame windows, slots may be formed in the side members of the frame and guide sockets if, see particular y Figure is, may be inserted into and secured in the slots. The long arms r of the levers may be at an angle ofabout 150 with the short arms 7)- so that when the short arms p stand vertically as in Figures 2 and 13, the long arms 1" extend downwardly and outwardly through the slot openings 3 to the" interior of the room or the like. When the short arm 7) is vertical, the pinion f is supported at its highest elevation and both sashes'are closed. If a ventilation opening only is required, a person takes hold of the handles a at the ends of the long arms r of the levers and lifts the latter thereby turning the.

levers abouttheir pivots q. As the pinions 7' lie between the appropriate racks d and e it is only possible for these pinions to move downwardly as the short arms 79 are turned downwardly by the lifting of the long arms, that is to say, it is not possible for the stub axles 0 at the ends ofthe short arms to described a curve as the short arms are turned. Consequently, as the short arms 72 turn from the vertical position to a horizontal position, the pivots Q move along the horizontal guides t until theopposite ends of such guides are reached, and as the downward movement of: the short arms 2) is continued until the long arms are arrested by coming against the window frame as seen in Figure 6, thesaid short arms p turn slightly downwardly and the pivots 9 move along the guides for a short distance towards their initial position, all as will be readily understoodfrom a comparison of Figures 2 and 6 which show the parts in the two extreme positions. As the pinions are lowered, the raclrs (Z of the upper sashes a, and these sashes also, are lowered to the same extent as the pinions fplus an additional amountdue to the pinions f rolling upon the racks e of the lower sashes 7) which do not move but remain in the closed position. In this manner, the upper sash is loweredto give a ventilating opening withoutdisturbing the lower sash. If the lower sash Z) be fixedly secured so that' it is impossible for it 'to be opened, then the mechanism above described simply operates as an opening and closing mechanism for adjusting the sash a: to give a desired ven-' tilation opening, but if the sash Z) is free to be opened, .then further depression of the upper sash a will now produce a corresponding raising of the lower sash b owing to the rack and pinion transmission and, conversely, the raising of the lower sash Z) will produce a lowering of the upper sash a, owing to the meshing of the racks d and c with the pinions f in the 'welll nown manner. The sash 7) may be fitted with finger grips '0). Figures 1 and 2 for facilitating the raising thereof. or any other convenient means may be fitted to either of the sashes for facilitating their manipulation. If desired, of course, the simultaneous opening window frame 0. As seen in Figure 2, the members of this guide frame 9 are composed of flat strips which are secured by one edge in a. groove it in the interior surfaces of the window frame 0. This arrangement is suitable for windows made of wood. For metal windows, the guide frame 9 may be composed of the webs or flanges of T-section bars j, as seenv in F igure and the heads of the T-bars may be bolted or connected to the interior surfaces of the window frame 0. In order to retain the sashes a and b in the closed or fully or partly open, position, clamping screws Z may be screwed through suitable nuts we let into the window frame and so as to press against the frame 9 which latter may be fitted with small wear plates a at the points where the screws Z bear.

In the modifications now about to be described with reference to Figures 7 to 12, it will be understood that the mechanisms may be applied for operating ventilators or ventilator sashes only by fixedly mounting the racks e as aforesaid or they may be applied for operating self-balancing sashes by mounting the racks e on a lower sash and the racks (Z on an upper sash. v

According to the modification illustrated in Figures 7 and 8, a short link 20 may be pivoted on a fixed pin 00 supported in a bracket y attached to the window frame, and in the closed position of the sashes the link to may extend upwardly at an angle, as seen in Figure 7. Thelink w is formed with a slot w to receive the end of the appropriate stub axle 0, it bein understood, of course, that there may be a similar mechanism at each side of the window. The forked or recessed end a of a long lever handle 1 embraces the end of the link to and is pivotally connected thereto by a hollow pivot pin 2 screwed into the lever and passing into the slot 10 of the link to which slot is enlarged at one end for the reception of the said pin 2. Part of the hollow pin 2 is removed at 3 so that the stub axle 0 can pass into and out of the hollow of the pin 2 which hollow constitutes a continuation of the slot in. The end of the link w is formed with a fiat 4 indicated in dotted line in Figure 7, and the surface of the recess in the forked end of the lever 1 is formed with two flats at an angle to one another, also as indicated by dotted line at 5 in Figure 7. These flats 4t and 5 form contacting surfaces, permitting of turning the lever handle 1 through a small angle before bringing one or other of the angular surfaces 5 of the lever 1 into contact with the flat surface 4 of the link. The hub or forked end .2 of the lever 1 may be formed with a projection 6 adapted for engaging with recesses 7 and 8, see Figure 7, in the bracket g in which the pivot an of the link to is mounted. In the position.

closed position of the sashes, the link to and lever 1 extend upwardly, as seen in Figure 7, at an angle from the vertical and the lever 1 extends through the window frame so as to be accessible to persons in the room, cabin or other space. In this position, the projection 6 on the lever 1 rests in the recess 7 of the bracket y and is locked in this position thereby, the engagement of the flat surfaces at 4 and 5 causing the locking of the link to also, so that the pinion is locked in the elevated position. To obtain aventilating opening, the lever 1 is first raised a little so as to remove the locking projection 6 from engagement with the recess 7 in the bracket y, and then by keeping the surfaces at 4, 5 in engagementby pressing on the lever 1 and at the same time lowering the lever, the link w and pinion. f are lowered, thereby lowering the racks of the upper sash and the latter also, as described with reference to the first construction. When the lever 1 is released after bringing the upper sash to the partly open and ventilating position, the projection 6 on thelever may enter the recess 8 of the bracket and so lock the link in its lower or downwardly inclined In this position of the parts, movement imparted toeither of the sashes will produce corresponding and opposite movement of the other sash through the gearing of the racks and pinions, excepting that, if the parts be in this position with the lower sash closed, and the lever 1 be raised, the upper sash will be closed as will be readily understood.

According to the modification illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, a right-angled lever 9 is formed with a lateral projection 10 at its angle, this projection 10 taking into a vertical slot 11 formed in, say, a metal plate 12 attached to a side member of the window frame 0. One arm of this lever 9 extends horizontally through a slot in the window frame and the other extends vertically upwards and has the pinion f revolubly mounted at its upper end. The vertical slot 11 is formed with a short lateral extension 11 at its upper end and with an extension 11 at its lower end for the projection 10 to enter at the end of a raising or lowering movement as the case may be. In the raised or closed position of the upper sash, the projection 10 rests in the slot extension 11" at the top of'the slot 11. To produce a ventilating opening of the upper sash, the horizontal arm of the lever 9 is pushed inwardly a little so that the projection 10 may descend in the vertical slot 11, the lever 9, pinion f and upper sash and rack being lowered until the projection 10 comes to the bottom of the slot 11. VVhereupon the lever 9 is pushed inwardly a little to bring the projection 10 into the lateral extension 11 at the bottom of the slot. Thereafter, the

&

movement of one sash will be communicated side member of the window frame 0, the

disc 13 having a central axle or projection' 15 extending through a horizontal slot 16 formed in a guide fitting 17 on the frame a. The end of the axle or projection 15 extends to the exterior of the window frame 0 and may be formed with a square 18 so that it can be turned only by the application of a key or the like. Theturning of the disc 13 in one direction or the other produces a raising or lowering of the pinion f in order to open or close the upper sash'to the extent of the ventilating opening,

the disc 13 moving along the guide 14: and

the axle 15 moving. along the slot 16 during such-raising or lowering of the pinion f as will be readily understood from the draw ing. In the event of part or" the frame a not standing out clear of the wall so that the square end 18is accessible, a recess could be formed in the wall for enabling the box head of a suitable spanner to be inserted and applied to the square end 18.

Disconnectible means may be provided.

for permitting one sash to be fully opened without opening the other sash. In one suitable arrangement permitting of this, and as illustrated. in Figures 15 and 16 the two racks (Z and c are geared together by a train of three pinions 19, 20 and 21 carried'on a stud plate 22, the top pinion 19 meshing with the upper rack d and the bottom pinion. 21 meshing with the lower rack e and both pinions being in mesh also with the centre pinion 20. The stud 28 carrying the centre pinion 20 passes through the stud plate 22 and is secured to, or is integral with the operating lever 24 which, for the production of a ventilating opening, is manipulated. inthe same manner as in the above described arrangements (30111]?118? ing single transmission pinions, for example the arrangement described withreilierence to Figures 2, 3, 6, 18 and 14:. In this construction, however, the stud 25 of the top pinion 19 forms the pivot for a second lever 26, and the latter has operative engagement with a vertically slidable plate 27,as, for-example, by engaging a slot 28 in the'lever 26 with a pin or projection 29 on the plate 27. The latter is formed with an aperture 30 of such a configuration as to receive the stud plate 22 and to provide inclined edges 31 and 82 for engaging with an inclined edge on the right handside of 19 as a pivot, excepting'when the slidable plate 27 is moved relatively to the stud plate In this construction, the manipulation of the operating lever 24: forproducing a ventilating opening causes the simultaneous downward movement of the'three pinions 19, 20 and 21, the stud plate 22, the. second lever 26, and the slidable plate 27, the bottom pinion 21 rolling on the lower rack e and the top pinion not only lowering the upper rack 03 by reason of its descent, but in addition, by reason of the revolving motion imparted to it by the lower pinion 21. When it is desired to have a full opening of the lower sash, as in an emergency when a person may desire to escape through the window, the ventilation lever 2 1 isbrought to its closed position, if it is not already in that position. The second lever 26 is-then turned about its pivot 25, the connection between the pin 29 and slot 28 cause ing the slidable plate 27 to descend. As. the stud plate 22 does not partake in this descent, the relative motion. between. the plates 27 and 22 causesthe upper inclined edges at 31 to engage and to swing the stud plate 22 about the stud 25 of the top pinion 19. In this manner, the bottom pinion 21 is withdrawn out of mesh with the lower rack e and at the same time the centre pinion 20 is caused to mesh withthe top rack. As both the top pinion 19 and the centre pinion 20 are now in mesh with they upper rack, the upper sash is locked and held in the closed position leaving the lower sash free to be lifted to the fullest extent.- W hen the lower sash is closed again, the second lever 26 is reversed to bring the pinions 20 and 21 back to their normal position for transmitting motion between the racks d and e. To prevent the second. lever 26 from being used, except in case of necessity or emergency, it can be locked to the window frame by a clip device. As will be noted from Figure 16 both levers 2a and 26 work in the same slot so that the lever 26' cannot be lowered While the lever 24; is in the raised position giving a ventilating opening of the upper sash. By reversing the arrangement of the slidable plate 27, I

pinion f 7" may be employed as seen in Figures 17 and 18. In this example the pinon is of larger diameter than the pinion f and the former meshes with the rack e of the lower sash while the latter meshes with the rack d of the upper sash. By this means the movement of the upper sash will be less than that of the lower sash when simultaneous lowering of the upper sash and raising of the lower sash takes place. This double or differential pinion is shown mounted in a similar manner to the pinion f in Figures 2, 6, 13 and 14, but it will be apparent that a double or differential pinion might be substituted for the single pinions in Figures 7 to 12. These difi'erential pinions may be used in selfbalancing Windows when one sash is larger or heavier than another, or when for any reason unequal opening movements of the two sashes is desired. Naturally the larger pinion may mesh with the rack of the upper sash and the smaller pinion f with the rack of the lower sash.

We claim 1. A window or ventilator opening and closing mechanism comprising a rack fixed on the member to be operated, a rack fixed on an adjacent support, a pinion in mesh with the racks, a carrier revolubly supporting said pinion, and a lever for manually operating said carrier to effect the opening and closing of the window and having a limited motion for enabling said pinion to roll on the secondly named rack.

2. A window or ventilator opening and closing mechanism, comprising a rack fixed on the sliding member to be operated, a rack fixed on an adjacent support, a pinion in mesh with both racks, an oscillatory opera;- tive lever fitted with a. revoluble mounting for said pinion and with a pivot, and guides for said pivot perpendicular to said racks, said lever being adapted to be manually operated to move said pivot along said guides.

3. A window or ventilator opening and' closing mechanism, comprising a rack fixed on the sliding member to be operated, a rack fixed on an adjacent support, a pinion meshing with the said racks, a lever arm fitted with a revoluble mounting for said pinion and with a pivot, guides for said pivot perpendicular to said racks, and an oscillatory hand lever operatively connected with said arm and adapted to turn and move the latter in said guides.

4. A window or ventilator opening and closing mechanism, comprising a rack fixed on the sliding member to be operated, a rack fixed on an adjacent support, a pinion meshing between the racks, a manually operated oscillatory lever carrying and revolubly supporting said pinion, and guides perpendicular to said racks and adapted to slidably support said pinion carrying lever.

5. A window or ventilator opening and closing mechanism comprising opposed racks. a pinion meshing between said racks, a manually operated oscillatory member carrying and revolubly supporting said pinion, and a support for said oscillatory member adapted to permit lateral movement to be imparted thereto.

6. A window or ventilator opening and closing mechanism, comprising opposed racks, a pinion between and meshing with both racks, a bent lever arm, an axle pin at one end of said arm for revolubly mounting said pinion, a pivot projection mounted intermediately on said arm, and a slide-way engaging said projection and mounted on the window framing perpendicularly to said racks.

7. A window or ventilator opening and closing mechanism comprising opposed racks one of said racks being fixed to a sliding sash and the other being fixed to an adjacent support. a pinion between and meshing with both racks, a bent lever comprising a long arm and a short arm a revoluble mounting "for said pinion at the free end of the short arm, a pivot projection at the junction between said arms, and a slide way fitted on the window framing perpendicularly to said racks and adapted to re ceive said pivot projection, said lever being normally supported so that its long arm is accessible for manual operation.

ERNEST WILLIAM CUTTER. ERNEST TROUGHTON.

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