US1455881A - Firearm - Google Patents

Description

Patented Mey 22, 1923.

maar leraar GRANT HAMMOND, OF NE'W' HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD ALVA C. WASHBURNE, OF PITTSFELD, BEASSACHUSETTS, AND ONE-THIRD TO FREDERICK G. CRANE, OF DALTON, MASSACHUSETTS. i

FIREARM.

Application filed July 2G, 191'?, Serial To @ZZ ti/7mm. it may concern.'

Be it known that l, GRANT HAMMOND, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New Haven, in thecounty of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and Improved Firearm, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates more especially to the class of firearms that are lsupported upon the person when being fired and'more especially to those that are held in the hand when being so fired, and an` object of my invention, among others, is to provide means for automatically'operating such afirearm, which means shall be particularly efficient in action; and a further object of the invention is to provide a simplified cons-truction that will enable the parts to be readily and quickly. produced.

@ne form of firearm embodying my invention, and in the construction andv use of which vthe objects herein set out, as weil as others,imay be attained, is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of a fire arm embodying my invention with parts broken away to show construction.

Figure 2 is a view in side elevation of a portion of the rear part of my improved lirearm, showing the side opposite to that illustrated in Figure 1, and with parts broken away to. show construction.

Figure 3 is a rearend View of my im proved firearm.

Figure 4 is a bottom view of the receiver.

Figure 5 is a. top plan view of the frame. Figure 6 is a detailview in cross section through the upper partof the device on n plane denoted by dot-ted line 6-6 of Figure l. i

Figure 7 is a detail view in crossv section, through the device on pla-ne denoted by dotted line 7 7 of Figure 1. y

Figure 8 is av detail view in cross section through the breech-bolt showing the manner of securing the breech-bolt stop in place.

In the accompanying drawings the numeral 10 denotes the frame of my improved l. gun that may be of any desired form and material, the lower end constituting the handle ofthe firearm having a magazine chamber 1120i' any usual form and construction that extends into a receiver to be hereinafter described and within which chamber a' maga- No. 181,855. Renewed April 12, 1923.

zine (not shown) may be located. rlihe forward upper end of the frame `has a trigger guard 12 formed thereon and the upper rear end of the frame has an extension 13 to receive parts of the tiring mechanism. An' opening 141- extends from the magazine chamber into the opening within the trigger guard through which a trigger bar 15, to be more'particularly hereinafter described'` extends, the bar being pivotally connected at its front end with a trigger'4 16 pivotally secured to the frame and normally forced forward as by a trigger spring 17. i y A hammer18 is pivotally mounted in the extension 13, this hammer being of any suitable construction and having` a hammer actuating plunger 19 located iny a well-20 in the extension 13, a hammer actuating spring 21 being located in the bottom of the Well l the -upper edge of the frame at theback end thereof, a springlocated forwardof the pivot of the scar tending to move the sear to engage a notch formed inr the hammer in the usual manner. The sear is secured to a sear shaft 24 preferably of angular shape as to that part located within the scar, and this shaft has a scar actuating finger 25 projecting radially therefrom to be engaged by the triggerbar in a mannervto be hercinafter set forth.

The frame has a hole 26 extending from its upper edge into the'opening within the trigger guard, the upper end of the hole be-` ing enlarged to containa receiverstop and lock 27, and also a stop actuating vspring 28 surrounding the shank 29 ofsaid stop, the shank terminatingin a lock actuating head 30 within the trigger guard by means of whichr the stop may be disengaged from .the receiver. A groove 31 in the upper end of the frame extends from the front edge thereof to contain a receiver returning spring, to be hereinafter described. A groove 32 is also locatedin the upper end of the frame .and extends into the magazine opening, this groove being fort-he purpose of receiving a' breech-bolt locking dog to be hereinafter described. y i

A receiver 33 is removably securedto the upper edge 'of the frame as by means of (frame and receiver) entering groovesin the other part, in a manner common to devices of this class. The'receiver has in its under surface, near its front end, a controlling slot n 36 that has a retaining recess 37 at one end,

said slot and recessbeing vformed to receive the upper end of the receiver'stop and rlock 27 hereinbe'fore mentioned. A receiver returning spring 38 is located in a chamber formd by the groove 3l and closed Aat vits front end by a lip 39 extending downwardly from the front end of the receiver into the groove 31.

A-hole of uniform diameter extends completely through the receiver from its. front toits back end, a barrel 40 being secured in the front end of this hole in any suitable manner, and the remainder of the hole constituting a breech-bolt chamber 4l. A breechbolt unlocking dog 42 is pivotally mounted in a slot 43 cut through .the bottom ofthe receiver opposite the groove 32 in theupper surface of the frame so that said dog is partially located in said groove. A hole 44 for a breech-bolt lock, to be hereinafter described, also extends through the bottom Aof thereceiverand preferably cuts into-the slot 43. A groove 45 extends lengthwise along the breech-boltr chamberr inthe top thereof to form part of a breech-bolt actuating spring chamber for a breech-bolt actuating spring, to be' hereinafter described'.

A vbreech-bolt 46 is mounted for reciprocating movement in the breech-bolt chamber 41, this bolt being preferably round in cross section'and having friction cheeks 47 extending from opposite sides 'through slots 48 in the receiver, these cheeks being roughe'ned to afford a gripping surface by means of which the 'breech-bolt may be manually moved backwardly. A groove 49 is formed in the upper side of the breech-bolt to complete the breech-bolt actuating spring chamber hereinbefore referred to, a breech-bolt actuating spring 50 being located in this chamber and thrusting with its forward'end against the end ofthe groove49 and with its rear end against a plug 5l secured in the receiver, this plug having a supporting rod extendingr within the spring. slidably mounted in the breech-bolt, being movable therein ina radial direction and having a slot 53 through which a firing pin 54 extends. The outer end of this lock rests in contact with the breech-bolt unlocking dog 42. andwhen said 'dog moves the stop inwardly beyond the innersurface of theY breech-bolt chamber, then the breech-bolt is free to move independently of the receiver.

A breech-bolt lock 52 is' A lock plunger' 55 is seated upon 'a spring in a rcess in the lock, as shown in Figure 6 of the drawings. and acts to lforce said lock .into contact with the lever 42.

A firing pin supporting plug 56 is secured within the end of the breech-bolt, this plug having a recess 57 to receivea collar secured to the firing pin 54, as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings. The mouth of this recess is closed by a collar 58 within which the firing pin is freely movable, a firing pin spring 59 thrusting against saidcollar and acting lto force the firing pin to the rearward limit of 'its play when not held in the opposite position by the hammer 18. A safety lug 60 extends from one sidey of the firing pin in position to be partially located in the slot 53 in the breech-bolt lock, this 'lug being of such length that it will strike the side 4of said lock underneath the slot when the latter is in its inward or unlocked position. Consequently when the breech-bolt is unlocked from the receiver vthe firing pin cannot be yforced forward far enough to'explode a cartridge, and it can move forward sufficientlyy to do this 'only after the lock 52is in its locked position. The trigger bar'l5 extends backwardly past one side of the magazine.. chamber and its rear' end is provided withV scar actuator 6l and a knock-off 6,2, the latter extending into a knock-ofrecessl 63 in the under side' of the receiver, the contacting portions of the recess and knock-off being beveled to permitdisengaging movement of said parts. kThe trigger bar is forced to an upward position` by means Vof a spring pressed plunger 64 located in the' frame and thrusting upwardly against said bar. A breech-bolt stop 65 projects from the'side of the breech-bolt into a breech-bolt controlling slot 66 formed in the side of the receiver, j

said stop, kcontact with the end of said. slot, limiting and determining the endwise movement of the breech-bolt. This 'slot' 66 also serves as an outlet opening lfor, spent shells which are extracted from. the barrel, as the breech-bolt is moved backwardly'land comes incontact with an ejector in a manner that will be readily understood those skilled vin the art, and which extracting" and ejecting elements are, therefore, not illustrated and'described herein.

The operation'of my improved firearm hereinabove described is as follows:

' It being assumed that aloaded magazine is in placein the magazine chamber 11, Vand the parts being in the position'shown in Figure l, the-'breechlboltmay be moved backi wardly by the operator grippingthe cheeky pieces 4'? and'exertingforce in abackw'ard direction. When the breech-bolt has uncovered the upper cartridge inthe magazine, 'thel ming- I azine spring forcesthe topmo'st cartridge out ofthe magazinelnto the line ofmovement.`

p tridge.

derstood by those'acquainted with firearms of this class, and when the manual force `is released from the breech-bolt it will move forward under the tension of the springv 50 and force a cartridge into the opening in the barrel. This backward movement of the breech-bold also cocks the hammer 1S.

v The trigger being now pulled, the trigger bar and the sear actuator thereon, will engage the actuating finger of the sear and disengage the searfrom the hammer, and the latter will be thrown forcibly down by the spring 2l striking the firing pin 54 and driving it forward to explode the car- The force of the recoil caused by the firingof the pistol will operate to move the receiver, and the breech-bolt that at this time is locked tothe receiver by the lock 52, backwardly until the retaining recess 37 is located opposite the lock 27 when the latter moves under the force of the spring 28 into the recess 37, to temporarily' hold the receiver from forwardmovement. In this backward movement of the receive-r the dog 42'engages the back edge of the the breech-bolt from locked engagement with the receiver. The breech-bolt is .now free tomove backwardly under the momentum gained by theforces of the gases generated in the breech of the barrel and the consequent initiallrecoil above mentioned, and, in this backward movement, the hammer is cocked in the same manner as hereinbefore described with respect to the manual movement of the breech-bolt, and the topmost cartridge is, in the manner hereinbefore described forced into the breech in the barrel.

Then the receiver movesback as hereinabove described, the beveled front edge of the recess 63 encounters the knoclc off 62 and forces the trigger bar and the sear actuator thereon downwardly so that the latter is out of the path of movement of the actuating finger 25 and the latter is, therefore, free to move forward under the force of the sear spring, the sea-r being thus free to assume a position to catch and hold the hammer when it is moved to its cocked position by the backward movement of the breech-bolt. When the breech-bolt moves to its closed position under theforce of the spring 50, the beveled edges ofthe retaining recess 37 and the stop 27 will cause the stop to be released from the recess and the receiver will move forward to its initial position, or position of rest, the parts now being in their proper position for a repetition of the firing operation above described.

It will be noted that the breech-bolt is uniform in diameter and round, with the exception of the roughened cheeks,l vfrom end to end, and that the groove for the breech-bolt actuating spring maybe readily milled, so that the breech-bolt is`comparatively inexpensive `to-fmake and the breechbolt lock likewise being round may be -read- The sear. shaft, sear and 'ac-N tuating finger 25, in fa.ct,constitute the scar,

saidvfinger being the scar tail. A projec-k tion .67 von the lower end of the hammer is formed to close the mouth of the well 2OV and thus prevent entry of objectionable mat.-v

ter within said well. The edgesof the slot 66 are beveled'on the inner surface as to' the topedge and on the outer surface as to the bottomedge to providefan opening 'extending ina diagonally downward direction, i

so that the spent shells, when they are'drawn from the barrel and ejected, are caused to travel ina diagonally downward direction from the pistoL In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have/described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent thek bestembodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative, and that the'invention can be carried out by other means.

I claim:

l.y A firearm including a frame, a receiver movably mounted on the frame, said parts having a chamber .for the receiver actuating spring, an actuating spring located in said A chamber, a controlling slot and. retaining recess located in one of said parts (frame or on the frame and closing the top of saidl groove and having a lip closing the end of the groove, a spring located in said groove, a controlling slot and retaining recess located 1n one of ysaid parts (frame or receiver),"a locking bolt-.located in the other f part to engage said slot and recess, a Abreechbolt movably mounted in 'the receiver,and firing mechanism to cause operation. of the breech-bolt.

3. A firearm including a frame having a recess in its upper edge at the crosswise center thereof, a hammer pivotally mounted onl the,r frame, a sear located'in said recess to engage the hammer, a shaftv supporting .the

sear and projectingthrough the wall of and `beyond said recess, asear tail secured to said shaftaud located' in a slotin th'efrside of the frameseparated by a Wall from said recess,

a receiver supported on the fran'ie,'and other parts of the firing mechanism supported on the receiver to be actuated by the movements olf-said hammer.

,4. A firearm includingxa 'frame having a slot therein, a receiver inovably mounted on thefraine and having Aa hole thereinv and a slotopening out of said]` hole and in line With the slot in the frame,'1iring mechanism including' a breech-bolt'movably mounted in ythe receiver,v a breech-bolt'lock mounted in thebreech-bolt and having a slot opening to the upper end thereof to receive a iring pin, and' unloekingdog pivotally mounted in" the .slot in the receiver and .projectinginto tlf'reslotin the frame and underlying and plunger. located in a recess in theupper end ofthe breech-bolt lock andl thrusting` againstl the upper Wallv of 'the receiver to force the breech-bolt vlock intoV locked engagement yWiththe receiver. i Y. I

6. A firearm includingr a frame, a receiver supported onA the fra1ne,"and firing mechanismincludingV` a-breech-'b'olt With an opening therein counterbored for a portion of its length, aplug closingsaid opening and having al recess inits inner` end, a firing pin-pro- )ecting through the'breech-bolt and'through said recess to'formone Wall of a chamber Withinthe breech-bolt, mechanism located Within saidA chamber, a collar surrounding the firing pin andseated against -the shoulder of-said counterboredopeningfto close said recess, acollar secured-to the firing pin,

anda spring securedbetween said collars to force the firing pin backwardly,

. 7. A Liirearm including a' frame, areceivei" supported on the: frame, and firing mechanismvincluding a breech-bolt withv an opening therein counterbored for a portion o its f1ength,`a collar seated against the shoulder at the bottom of said counterbored opening' andforming one Wall of a chamberwithin the breech-bolt, mechanism located within said chamber, a plug closing'fthev openingrr into the breech-bolt and securing said collar in place, a firing pin extending loosely through said collar and plug, a collar located on thev iiringpin, and a'spring located between said collars` to. force the tiring pin backwardly. i

i GRANT HAMMOND;

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