US1452535A - Manufacture of bearing rings - Google Patents

Description

Apr. 24, 1923.

C. F. SULTEMEYER MANUFACTURE OF BEARING RINGS Original Filed June 23, 1919 Patented Apr. 24, 1923. p

NI'TED STATES 2 1,452,535 PATENT orrics.

onnnnns r7. .SULTEMEYER, or OAKPARK ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR To CHICAGO Manu- FACTURING AND DISTRIBUTING 00., A CORPORATION or ILLINOIS.

MANUFACTURE OF BEARING RINGS.

Original application filed June 23, 1919, Serial No. 306,058. IJivided and this application filed August 7,

To all whom it may concern:

Be itknownthat 1, CHARLES F.7SULTE- MEYER, av citizen of, the United States, and resident of Oak Park, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new 'rand-useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Bearing Rings, of which the following is a specification, and which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, ing a part thereof. 7 I v The invention relates to the production of annular machine wearingparts such as the rings between-which the balls or rollers of antifriction bearings are confined. The obform- ,ject of the invention is an improved method of manufactureand a superior product, both of which are disclosed in my allowed application for patent on forging dies, Serial No. 306,058 filed-June 23, 1919, now Patent No. 1,355,434, dated October 12, 1920, and of which this application is adivision.

Bearing rings of the type indicated are frequently required to resist wear and shocks under heavy loads. Those formed from high carbon steel or steel alloy hardened throughout by heat treatment, have accordingly been preferred. Owing to the difliculty of machining high carbon steels and the waste of material resulting therefrom, the manufacture of these bearing rings, whether cut from solid or tubular stock, has been enormously expensive and the machined rings lack the required densityto permit of their being successfully hardened to the most desirable degree.

The present invention therefore conten1- plates forging the rings to substantially finished dimensions without waste ofmaterial and in a manner calculated to produce a density of material and freedom. from strains suitable for quenching without fracture. For, this purpose the forging dies 1920. Serial No. 401,987.

of bar stock with its end upset in the manner contemplated by the saidstep of the improved method being shown, partly in sect1on;

Fig. 2 is similar to Fig. 1, but shows the parts of the forging dies in a different position and illustrates another step of the improved method;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a bearing ring formed by the improved process, partly brokenaway, and i 1 i Fig 4 is a perspective view showing the upset end of the bar stock from which the bearing rings areproduced. I, e

F or the purpose of illustrating the inven tion, the drawings showa simple form of roller bearing ring 10 having a smooth beveled interior wearing surface 11 and a bulging exterior 12.. As the invention contemplates that. the ring 10 is to be hotforged to substantially its finished dimensions from high carbon steel or steel alloy, bar 'stock, as 13, preferably of .crome bearing steel containing between .90 and1.00 percent carbon and between 1.25 and 1. 10 per cent chromium is desirably employed. Furthermore, the said rings 10 may be forged without waste of material, if the size of the bar stock 13 substantially conforms with the smallest interior diameter of the rings. For producing rings of moderate .size, this will customarily be the original size of the bar stock. while for producing rings of large size, it may, in some cases, be preferable to upset the end of a'smaller bar to a size corresponding with the smallest interior diameter of the ring as a preliminary step to the operation herein described. The simple form of ring 10 illustrated is readily 'forged to its said finished dimensions by first upsettingthe heated end of the bar stock 13 to form a cupped head 14 integral with the bar. This head is-desirably somewhat longer than the width of the ring and of less external diameter. The

head 14, while still at a temperature suit able for forging, is then punched centrally, (the part removed being of uniform size with and retained upon the end of the bar 13) expanded radially, and longitudinally compressed to the shape and finished dimensions of the ring 10. The said final longitudinal compression of the ring, following radial expansion, has been found to be efi'ective in securing the density of material now believed to be essential to successful hardening of the same by heat treatment.

Apparatus useful for performmg the forging operations may comprise the two punch heads 15, 16, and cooperating the sockets 17, 18, the die sockets 17, 18 being preferably formed in like companion die blocks, only one oi? which, as 19, is shown. The punch heads 15, 16 and die blocks, as 19, will customarily be used in a forging press of well known construction (notshown) but arranged", as usual, to effect powerful simultaneous movements of the punchlieads' 15, 16, into the die sockets 17, 18, when the two die blocks, as 19, are closed upon th bar 13. Under these circumstances, thebar 13 will be aligned with the die socle etsf17 and 18 during alternate movements of the punch heads and one of the punch heads is idle during, each of saidmovenients.

I As shown, the die blocks, as 19, are formed with grooves QOand 21, toreceive the bar stock, as 13, in alternation, the groove 20 being of such size that the bar is firmly gripped between the die blocks during the engagement ott the upsetting punch head 15 with the end of the bar. The groove 21, on the other hand, is of larger sizeto permit of the bar 13lieing moved longitudinally between the die blocks by the advancing punch head 16. i ,To secure the required accuracy in the tormation of the bearing rings, as 10, some special provisionis desirably made for insuring; ,egreat precision in the, alignment of th punch heads 15, 16, and die blocks 17, 1 8. For this purpose the punch heads and die blocks, as .19, may respectively be formed with closely fittingfcylindrical body portions 22, 23, and passages 2 1,25 of substantial length whereby the punch heads are exactly centered they-enter the die sockets. V Upset-tingthe end of the bar stock, as in Fig. at, may be accomplished by forming the punch head 15 with a blunt rounded end, as 26.

Similarly, the punch head 16 is preferably formed with a piercing projection 27, a

tapering: intermediate portion 28 and a for-- wardly facing abutment shoulder 29. The

bulging exterior 12 of the ring, the ring is effectively held in the die socket 18 during withdrawal of the punch head 1'6and its removal is only permitted by separation of the two companion die blocks, as 19,

After forging, the ring lOwill-not usually require machine finishing but may be ground to remove fins and the like. The ring is then hardened throughout by suitable heat treatment, preferably comprising quenching in oil from a temperature above that of decalescen ce of the particular steel or steel alloy of which it is composed. Grinding and polishing of the hardened ring,- principally confined to the wearing" surfacevll, we to complete the ring for use as a beating element.

The finished ring is distinguished from rings which have been machined from-solid or tubular stock of similar analysisb'y being of increased density and greater strength. Furthermore, by its uniform hardncssand texture throughout, the ring "is markedly superior to bearing rings which Iiave"been produced from low carbon steel and hardened by carboniaation at the surface'o'nl'y.

I claim as my invention:

The method of forging annular high carbon steel or steel alloy machine wearing parts to substantially finished dimensions which consists in upsetting the end of a solid bar of the selectedsteel, punching out the central portion of the' u'pset' entli of the bar while attached to thefbai', radially expanding the ring'thus left between pu'i'ich and die members substantially conforming in shape with the interior andeiteridr surfaces of the part to be producedand then compressing the ring in the 'directioii of its axis while held between the sai dpunch and the members. 7

. CHAR-LES r. suLT'E-Mn YER;

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