US1446318A - Gesellschapt fur elektro-warme-technik - Google Patents

Description

Patented Feb. 20, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILHELM PENZOLD, OF HANOVER, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO WIDERSTAND AKTIEN- GESELLSCHAFT FUR ELEKTRO-WARME-TECHNIK, OF HANOVER, GERMANY.

SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICALLY HEATING LIQUIDS.

Application filed August 5, 1922.

[0 all. whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VVILHELM PnNzoLn, a citizen of the German Republic, residing at Hanover, Germany, Viesenau 45, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems for Electrically Ieating Liquids, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in systems for electrically heating liquids, and more particularly in systems of the type in which the liquid is heated by electric current flowing therethrough, and in which the liquid affords the heating resistance. One of the objects of the improvements is to provide a system in which. the liquid provides a high resistance permitting the use of high pressure electric energy for producing a limited heating effect. Another object is to provide a system which with a long path of the electric current is compact in construction. Finally an object of the improvements is to provide a system in which the resistance of the liquid can readily be varied. With these objects in view I have provided a heater comprising a series of hollow members preferably concentrically arranged and having slits or holes in their side walls, the slit or hole in the side wall of one member being disposed non-adjacent to the slit or hole in the next member. The hollow members are composed of insulating material and the heater is provided with an electrode arranged within the inner hollow member and. an electrode surrounding the outer member and preferably spaced therefrom, whereby the electrical current, flowing between said electrodes through the liquid which occupies the spaces between the walls of said hollow members and the walls of the electrodes, is compelled. to traverse a relatively long path. The hollow members are preferably so mounted that they may be rotated relatively to one another. whereby the effective length of the current path may be adjusted.

In order that my invention be more clearly understood an example embodying the same has been shown in the accompanying drawing, in which the same letters of reference have been used in all the views to indicate corresponding parts. In said drawing,

Serial No. 579,950.

Fig. 1, is a vertical section of the apparatus, and

Fig. 2', is a horizontal section taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1.

In the example shown in the drawing my improved system comprises a plurality of receptacles 7), c, and (Z of cylindrical form and each having a bottom and a hole or slot 5 0 d which as shown extends Substantially over the whole length of the side wall of each receptacle to a point near the bottom thereof. The holes or slots of consecutive receptacles are displaced with relation to each other at angles of 180. The diameters of the receptacles are such that between consecutive receptacles annular chambers are provided. The outer receptacle d is surrounded by a metallic cylinder 6 providing one of the electrodes. The other electrode consists of a cylinder a of thin sheet metal placed within the innermost receptacle 5. The receptacles b,- c and (Z are made from insulating material.

In the operation of the system the liquid to be heated is filled into the receptacles and electric current is made to flow between the electrodes, the path of the current be ing indicated in Fig. 2 in broken lines.

Preferably the dimensions of the recep tacles are such that the cross-section of the annular chambers are alike, so that the resistance of the liquid is the same in all the chambers. The resistance can be regulated. either by filling the water to a higher or lower level, or by turning one or more of the receptacles about their vertical axis for varying the length of the path of the current, the length being at its maximum, in the position of the receptacles shown in the figures.

While I have shown only three receptacles Z), c, and (I, it will. be understood. that an suitable number may be provided. Thereby electric current of high pressure can be used, and the liquid. can be formed into a conductor of high resistance. The whole apparatus is compact in construction. On the electrodes practically no electric energy is transformed into heat, because .the contacting surfaces are large as compared to the cross-section of the liquid.

Claims: 1. An electric heater comprising a plurality of hollow insulating members of different sizes disposed in substantial coaxial relation, one within the other, each member having an opening in its side wall, and one or more of said members being rotatable relatively to the other member or members, whereby the angular relation of the various slits may be Varied, an electrode mounted within the inner hollow member and an electrode surrounding the outer hollow member.

2. An electric heater coi'i'iprising a series of hollow insulating members of increasing sizes, disposed in substantial coaxial relation one within the other, each of said members having a vertically disposed slit in its side wall and one or more of said members being independently rotatable, whereby the angular relations of the slits may be varied,

ea ers ture.

/VILHELM PENZOLD.

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