US1438219A - Means for and method of regulating the transmission over electric circuits - Google Patents

Means for and method of regulating the transmission over electric circuits Download PDF

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Publication number
US1438219A
US1438219A US253486A US25348618A US1438219A US 1438219 A US1438219 A US 1438219A US 253486 A US253486 A US 253486A US 25348618 A US25348618 A US 25348618A US 1438219 A US1438219 A US 1438219A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
circuits
circuit
transmission
variations
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US253486A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alva B Clark
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
American Telephone and Telegraph Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Telephone and Telegraph Co Inc filed Critical American Telephone and Telegraph Co Inc
Priority to US253486A priority Critical patent/US1438219A/en
Priority to DE1920340404D priority patent/DE340404C/de
Priority to FR519779A priority patent/FR519779A/fr
Priority to GB5801/22A priority patent/GB197758A/en
Priority to DEB103818D priority patent/DE427965C/de
Priority to FR26793D priority patent/FR26793E/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1438219A publication Critical patent/US1438219A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/04—Control of transmission; Equalising
    • H04B3/06—Control of transmission; Equalising by the transmitted signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/04—Control of transmission; Equalising
    • H04B3/10—Control of transmission; Equalising by pilot signal
    • H04B3/11—Control of transmission; Equalising by pilot signal using pilot wire

Definitions

  • This invention relates to transmission circuits. and more particularly to transmission circuits of the type known as four-wire circuits. although it is in general applicable to transmissioncircuits of any kind.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide suitable methods and means for maintaining substantially constant the transmission equivalent of a circuitregardless of variations in the conditions afi'ecting the electrical characteristics of the circuit.
  • the transmission equivalent of a circuit varies, due to a number of difi'erent causes.
  • the transmission circuit be of the four-wire type, in which a pair of separate transmission lines are employed for transmitting in opposite directions, these causes may be divided into two classes:
  • the first class comprises causes which affect both sides of the circuit, or in other words, both transmission lines, in the same manner.
  • causes may be enumerated variations in the resistance of the conductors, loading coils etc., variations in capacity, inductance, or other electrical characteristics of the cable, and variations in. the potential of repeater batteries common to repeaters in both sides of the circuit.
  • the second class comprises causes which afl'ect the two sides differently, such as variations in the structure of repeaterbulbs where vacuum tube repeaters are employed, variations in the potentials of grid batteries, or accidental variations due to the resistance of bad joints, leakage due to poor insulation etc.
  • paratus in the bridge circuit is so arranged as to respond to the currents flowing therein to control an automatic switch for adjusting the potentiometers of amplifiers in the other transmission circuits.
  • Other transmission varying devices might also be employed.
  • a four-wire circuit is shown interconnecting stations 0 and D, said four-wire circuit comprising a pair of transmission lines L and L for transmitting in opposite directions.
  • These transmission lines may include one-way repeaters at intermediate stations (not shown) and are associated at the terminal stations with terminating two-wire lines L and L through the usual three windingtransformers 1 and 2.-
  • the two-wire lines are balanced at the terminal stations by means of artificial lines N, and N of any well lmown type.
  • amplifiers A and A are provided, the amplification of said amplifiers being controlled by the setting of otentiometers P and P
  • the setting of t e potentiometers is determinedby means of an automatic switch S, having wipers S and S,. It will be understood ;that where a number-of fourwire circuits are subject to the same conditions as for instance, where the conductors of the circuits are included in a common cable, the potentiometers for the amplifiers of a plurality of such circuits may all be controlled by the common switch S.
  • a ilot circuit T1 is provided, said circuit being included in the same cable, or subject to the same conditions, as the four-wire circuits or two-wire circuits, as the case may be, which are to be regulated.
  • the pilot circuit L is included in one-branch of a Wheatstone bridge, of which the resistance R, which may be equivalent to the average resistance of the pilot circuit L forms a second branch. Resistances R and R respectively constitute the third and fourth branches.
  • an adjustable resistance R for balancing the bridge, said resistance being controlled by a wiper S carried by the switch S.
  • the wiper S is included in the bridge circuit of the ⁇ Vheatstone balance, said circuit also including a polarized relay 3, Which controls the operation of the switch S through the medium of the stepping magnets 4 and 5, and the holding magnets 6 and 7.
  • the Wheatstone bridge is unbalanced, and a cur- If the resistance of the lay 3, winding of stepping magnet 4 and winding of release magnet 7.
  • the release magnet 7 draws the pawl carried by the armature of stepping magnet 5 from engagement with the corresponding ratchet wheel, and the stepping magnet 4 operates its ratchet wheel step by step with each interruption of the circuit by the buzzer relay 10 to rotate the wiper S in counter-clockwise direction.
  • the division of the resistance R between the arms of the bridge, including the pilot circuit L and resistance R is thereby changed so that the Wheatstone bridge is again balanced.
  • This action moves the wipers S and S of the switch S in a counterclockwise direction, thereby altering the setting of the potentiometers so that the amplification of amplifiers A, and A is increased. If the change in the condition of the pilot circuit L is of such nature as to cause a reduction of the resistance, the current flows through the windings of the polarized relay 3 in the opposite direction and a circuit is closed through the buzzer relay 10, stepping magnet 5 and release magnet 6, to step the switch S in a clockwise direction, thereby decreasing the amplification of the amplifiers A and A,.
  • the transmission equivalent of as many circuits as desired may be regulated, assuming, of course, that similar variations take place in all of the circuits.
  • What is claimed is 1. The method of maintaining constant the transmission equivalent of a plurality of over one of said .circuits, impressing the effect thereof on a receiving apparatus, and varying the characteristics of the remaining circuits in accordance with the effect produced upon the receiving apparatus.
  • the method of compensating for changes in the electrical characteristics of a plurality of transmission circuits subject to similar conditions which consists in determining the change in electrical characteristics of one of the circuits, and adjusting elements of the other circuits in accordance with the variations in the electrical characteristics of the determined circuit.
  • a plurality of transmission circuits subject to similar con ditions, means associated with one of said circuits and adapted to assume different conditions in response to changes in the electrical characteristics of said circuit, and means associated with the other circuits for adjusting the transmission equivalent thereof in accordance with conditions of said responsive means.
  • a plurality of transmission circuits subject to similar variations in their electrical characteristics, means associated with one of said circuits and adapted to assume different conditions in response to changes in the electrical characteristics of said circuit, and means associated with the other circuits for varying the electrical characteristics thereof in accordance with the conditions of said first mentioned means.
  • a plurality of transmission circuits subject to similar conditions, means associated with one of said circuits and responsive to changes in the electrical characteristics thereof, and means controlled by said responsive means for adjusting the transmission equivalent of the other circuits.
  • a plurality of transmission circuits subjectto similarvariations in their electrical characteristics, means .associated with one of said circuits and responsive to changes in the electrical charac- .teristics thereof, and means controlled by transmission circuits under the control of said. responsive means.
  • a signaling system a plurality of transmission circuits, a pilot circuit subject to influences similar to those affecting the transmission efiicienoy of said transmission circuits, a switch, means to automatically set said switch in accordance with the electrical condition of said pilot circuit, and means controlled by said switch for adjusting the transmission efficiency of said transmission circuits.
  • a signaling system a plurality of transmission circuits, amplifying means for said circuits, a pilot circuit subject to influences similar to those affecting the transmission efiiciency of said transmission circuits, a switch, means to automatically set said switch in accordance with the electrical conditions of said pilot circuit, and means controlled by the setting of said switch for adjusting the amplification of said amplifying means.
  • a pilot circuit subject to influences similar to those affecting the transmission efliciency of said transmission circuits.
  • a VVheatstone balance circuit said pilot circuit being included in one arm of said VVheatstone balance, a switch. means to automatically set said switch in accordance to the current flow in the bridge circuit of said VVheatstone balance, and means controlled in accordance with the setting of said switch for adjusting the transmissionefliciency of said transmission circuits.
  • a four-wire transmission circuit the conductors of which are subject to temperature variations, a pilot circuit subject to similar variations, means responsive to changes in the electrical characteristics of the pilot circuit due to temperature changes, and means controlled by said responsive means for adjusting the transmission equivalent of the four-wire circuit.
  • a four-wire transmission circuit the conductors of which are subject to temperature variations, a pilot circuit subject to similar variations, an automatic switch, means responsive to changes in the electrical characteristics of the pilot circuit due to temperature changes for variably setting said switch, and means controlled by the setting of said switch for adjusting the transmission efficiency of said four-wire circuit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
US253486A 1918-09-10 1918-09-10 Means for and method of regulating the transmission over electric circuits Expired - Lifetime US1438219A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US253486A US1438219A (en) 1918-09-10 1918-09-10 Means for and method of regulating the transmission over electric circuits
DE1920340404D DE340404C (de) 1918-09-10 1920-06-20 Anordnung zum Ausgleichen von AEnderungen in den elektrischen Charakteristiken einerMehrheit von UEbertragungskreisen
FR519779A FR519779A (fr) 1918-09-10 1920-07-08 Perfectionnements dans les circuits de transmission
GB5801/22A GB197758A (en) 1918-09-10 1922-02-27 Improvements in carrier wave transmission systems
DEB103818D DE427965C (de) 1918-09-10 1922-03-03 Anordnung fuer Signalgebung vermittels Hochfrequenztraegerwellen
FR26793D FR26793E (fr) 1918-09-10 1922-04-26 Perfectionnements dans les circuits de transmission

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US253486A US1438219A (en) 1918-09-10 1918-09-10 Means for and method of regulating the transmission over electric circuits

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1438219A true US1438219A (en) 1922-12-12

Family

ID=33476484

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US253486A Expired - Lifetime US1438219A (en) 1918-09-10 1918-09-10 Means for and method of regulating the transmission over electric circuits

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US1438219A (de)
DE (2) DE340404C (de)
FR (2) FR519779A (de)
GB (1) GB197758A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3456191A (en) * 1964-10-06 1969-07-15 Philips Corp Level control system for a communication system of the type in which a pilot signal is cotransmitted with information signals between an initial station and a final station
US5724344A (en) * 1996-04-02 1998-03-03 Beck; William Federick Amplifier using a single forward pilot signal to control forward and return automatic slope circuits therein
US20030066088A1 (en) * 1997-12-26 2003-04-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Bidirectional trunk amplifier and cable modem for cable hybrid fiber and coax network which utilizes an upstream pilot signal

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE744546C (de) * 1939-12-13 1944-01-19 Lorenz C Ag Einrichtung zur automatischen Pegelregulierung von Traegerfrequenz-Verstaerkern

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3456191A (en) * 1964-10-06 1969-07-15 Philips Corp Level control system for a communication system of the type in which a pilot signal is cotransmitted with information signals between an initial station and a final station
US5724344A (en) * 1996-04-02 1998-03-03 Beck; William Federick Amplifier using a single forward pilot signal to control forward and return automatic slope circuits therein
US20030066088A1 (en) * 1997-12-26 2003-04-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Bidirectional trunk amplifier and cable modem for cable hybrid fiber and coax network which utilizes an upstream pilot signal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB197758A (en) 1923-05-24
DE340404C (de) 1921-09-10
DE427965C (de) 1926-04-23
FR26793E (fr) 1924-03-15
FR519779A (fr) 1921-06-15

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