US1435939A - Orchard heater - Google Patents

Description

E. POMEROY.

ORCHARD HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED DEc.16.1921.

Patented Nov. 2L M22,

LASQQS@ 'tical sections of the heaters.

Patented Non. 2l, M922.,

entre@ stares ELTWEED POMEROY, 0F DONNA, TEXAS,

ORCHARD HEATER.

Application filed December 16, 1921.

T0 all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that T, ELTWEED PoMnRoY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Donna, in the county of Hidalgo and State of Texas, have invented new and useful l'mprovements in Orchard Heaters, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to such orchard heaters as burn crude oil or fuel oil or what is known as slop distillate because these fuels are essentially cheap where heat units are concerned and can easily be obtained and are easily handled. There are three main aims in this heater:

1st. To consume the oil completely thus making it smokeless and utilizing all heat units.

2nd. To get the heat out as near the ground as possible and as far as possible in the form of radiated heat which goes everyway instead of heat by convection which mainly rises so that as much be used in the grove andas little in the upper air as possible.

3rd. To make the heater rain and dew proof and as ru`st` proof as possible and convenient to handle.

The drawings accompanying this are ver- Fig. l has the stack on and is ready to light. Fig. 2 has the upper stack taken ofii Iand then turned upside down over the lower stack and a cap over the top thus protecting the lower stack from the weather and is the position when not in use.

F ig. -shows a detail of the lower stack showing one ofthe -diagonal slits therein.

Tn the accompanying drawing:

A is an oil receptacle which can be made of any convenient material tho prefer cast iron and of any convenient shape tho flaring so as to nest well is preferable.

B is a cover which can be fastened to A by bolts orif preferable out of sheet metal and snapped on or any customary method. Tt is preferably slantingso as to shed water.

C is the filler and draft opening. This when fully' opened should be 3 or 4 inchesacross so as to make easy the, poluring in of the thick oil. Tt should have a cover with holes in it for draft and a second cover or slide so the holesv can be opened more or less so as to regulate the draft or shut it o. These should be made with raised ridges so that rain cannot enter.

D is a draft retainer and oil vaporizer Serial No. 522,911.

which consists of a piece, of heavy cast metal, preferably iron, extending from the cover to bottoml and with one end in the oil. This can be made any suitable shape but I prefer that of the capital letter E with its back or flat side toward the stack or center thus defiecting the air onto the oil or it can be made like a U with the rounded end toward the stack. This acts as soon as a little fire is started by getting hot, vaporizing the oil immediately around it and retaining a pilot flame right there where the air is deflected down onto the oil but which does not extend over the surface of the oil because the gases .made lack sufficient air to burn till they rise into the lower stack, till the oil is almost used -up. Tf the whole surface of the oil is burning and in flame, it makes so much gas that if the stack or outlet is big enough, it results in smoke, waste of fuel, direct flame with flame-heat which rises quickly or if the stack or outlet is confined so as to make a draft, then the gases smother the flame and the fire goes out. Sheet metal tubes with many kinds of holes and valves have been used to guide the air onto the oil, even boxes to retain the flames in a circumscribed area have been used, even short pieces of metal as being cheaper than sheet metal tubes but in' none has it been clearly seen, set forth and used that a heavy cast metal draft retainer and oil vaporizer extendingfrom the draft opening to bottom so as to retain the flames at one small space in the oil surface and to hea-t and vaporize just enuf oil for economy of fuel consumption and so as not to smother the fire. @ther air entrances into the bowl as at E can be madel or not as wished or desirable. y

F is the lower'part of the stack which is fitted over a collar .in the .neck of the bowl or oil receptacle. This will usually be made of sheet metal of any suitable diameter and height but I have found that 5 inches in diameter and 2O inches high is about right. It contains rows of diagonally placed slits to admit air to mix with the oil vapor and burn. Tn practice lf have found 6 rows of 8 slits each with each slit about 1S; inches long and from ath to gthsinch wide are about right. Tt is sli` htly better if these slits are pressedv inwar s so as to leave an edge inside the pipe so as to conduct the airtoward the center of the oil vapor but that is not essential. The bottoni row should be as neer the bottom of the pipe as can conveniently be made and they should be spaced from 1% to 2 inches apart so as to extend theburning of the oil vapor over as much of the pipe as possible. If it is concentrated, it quickly burns out the stack at one point and the stack has to be renewed. Also it is -better to have the same amount of heat radiating from 2O inches of pipe than to have it concentrated on 3 or 4 inches and the rest moderately cold. Holes of various sizes and shapes have repeatedly been used but not to my knowledge these diagonal slits. The advantages of these slits are:

1st. The air is drawn into them by the draft up the stack with a peculiar mixing motion and with attenuated volume not found in holes or in slits otherwise placed so as to mix the oil vapor and promote complete combustion.

2nd. High winds do not blow out t-he flame or force it down the stack into the oil receptacle or force it out of the stack in large volume of smoke or unconsumed and uneconomical oil vapor as they do with holes otherwise placed.

G is the top part of the stack which rapidly widens so as to accommodate the increased volume of burning and burnt oil vapor caused by the mixture of the oil vapor and air in the lower part of the stack. In practice I have found that it is best to make this part 30 to 35 inches high and to widen from 5 inches to 6 inches but these details are subject to adjustment according to character of oil burned and draft below, etc. But this rapid widening of stack abo-ve where the oil vapor is mixed with air and where its burning is started or nearly accomplished causes three results.

lst. A more complete combustion of the oil vapor so that no smoke or flame goes out at the top.

2nd. The heated products of combustion do not push out of the top with such velocity as to carry the heat they contain rapidly into the upper air where it is dissipated and of little value in orchard heating.

3rd. The upper part of the stack becomes hotter so as to radiate heat which stays among the treesI and is of more Value than heat by convection for orchard heating.

This upper part of the stack is made easily detachablefrom the lower part so that it can beturned upside down overthe lower stack and acap fitted over it when not in use lso that the rain and dew are completely shut out and so that the lower stack is completely protected from rusting. This is shown in Figure 2 Where the cap H covers the whole. There is a. further advantage here in that when not in use, the heater is not as liable to be either blown over or to have the stack blown off as it is with the higher stack.

I claim:

l. In an orchard heater, comprising a covered oil receptacle, a draft entrance thru said cover, a st-ack mounted on said cover and connected thru an opening in the cover, with the oil receptacle, an imperforate draft retaining and oil vaporizing member extending from the cover, to the bottom of the oil receptacle between the draft entrance and the stack.

2. In an orchard heater having a stack. a series of rows of diagonal slits in the stack forming tangential air admission openings.

3. In an orchard heater, a stack composed of upper and lower sections. the upper section being imperforate, of greater length 4than the lower section and flaring upwardly from the lower section, thereby being adapted when detached from the lower section and inverted to completely enclose. the lower section.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

LTIVEED POMEROY.

Witnesses g JOSEPH F.. HTODDARD, ELTwnnn PoMERoY, Jr.

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