US1428400A - Gas burner - Google Patents

Description

H. n. SCHROEDER.

GAS BURNER. APPLICATION FILED AUG.19; 1920.

Patented Sept. 5

555' .gaa y Patented Se t. s, 1922.

om t sTaTas D. SCHBOEDEB, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA:

GAS BURNER.

Application filed August 19, 1920. Serial No. 404,609.

To all whom it ma concern:

Be it known that HERMAN I). SoHRoEDER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los An eles, in, the county of Los Angeles, State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has todo with a gas burner, and it is an object of the invention to provide a simple, inexpensive device of this character which will operate effectively under comparatively high pressure.

'The burner provided by the present invention is of such character as to be applicable for use in various arts and in connec' tion with various apparatus; for instance it can be advantageously used in retort, ovens, furnaces, and in various other apparatus of that general character. Therefore, it will be understood that the invention is not limited in its scope to any specific use or application and, in fact, that it is general'in its nature rather than specific.

A particular feature of the invention is the rovision of a gas burner which will effectively operate under comparatively high pressure without blowing out. This feature is noteworthy in that ordinary gas burners operating under any considerable pressure blow out very easily and, in fact, often times blow themselves out. In the present burner a perfect mixture of gas and air is had under all working conditions and the flame is held or kept at the burner and prevented from separating from the burner.

Another feature of the invention is the ex- Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the burner taken as indicated by line 22 on Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an'enlarged detail sectional view of the gas nozzle; 'Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail sectional view similar to Fig. 3 with the nozzle adjusted to a different position,

secured together in a manner to -form a uni tary structure. In the preferred form of the lnvention the gas nozzle 10 is carried in a bore 15 formed in a. frame member 16 supported over the cup 11 by a pair of side members 17. The side members 17 extend between and connect the frame member 16, cup 11 and cup 13 thereby securelyand rigidly holding the various parts of the burner in their proper relative positions. The side members 17, frame member 16,- cups 11 and 13, and combustion chamber. 14, are preferably cast or formed intric'ally as such form of construction permits of extremely simple and inexpensive manufacture. Further, this form of construction, that is the provision of two side members 17 to connect and tie together the various parts of the burner,makes for particularly effective operation of the burner in that'lt allows an unrestricted flow of air into the cup 11 and 13.

The gas nozzle 10 comprises a tube 20 into one end of which gas is supplied under pressure from any suitable source and at the other end of which is formed suitable ports and is adjustably carried a cap 21. The tube 20 is carried in the bore 15 so that the cap 10 extends sli htly into-the cup 11, as clearly shown in 'igs. 1 and 2 of the drawings. The tube 20 is formed with acentral opening22 which extends completely through it and intoand extended portion 25, the outer end portion 23 of which is slightly contracted or. reduced in size, as clearly shown in Flgs. 3 and 4 of the drawings. Two openings or orts 24 are ,formed in the tube 20 to connect 1nto the central or main opening 22 and to open into the cap 21 at the base of the extended portion 25. The cap 21 screw-threads onto the end portion of the tube 20 and is formedwith an end 26 the inner surface 27 of which is adapted to fit against the end 28 of the extended portion 25 in the manner clearly shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings. Am opening 30 is formed in the cap 21 to reglsill;

shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

particular burner shown in the drawings portion 25, and then outwardly through the opening 30. However, when the cap 21 is adjusted or positioned on the end portion of the tube 20 so that the surface 27 and 28 are separated, as shown in Fig. 4, it will be read- 7 ily understood how the gas 1s not only free to pass through the extended portion 25 but can also flow through the ports 24:, around the extended portion 25 and the outwardly through the opening 30. This form of con= struction provides an extremely simple and inexpensive nozzle which. can be very ef- -fectively regulated to allow a suitable amount'of gas to issue from it into the cup 11.

The cup 11 is anopen or unrestricted bowl shaped member stranged concentrically with the nozzle 10. The general design and proportion of the cup 11 relative to the nozzle 10 and other parts of the burner iIs behst n t e thenozzle 10 extends sli htly into the cup 11. It is understood, 0 coursefthat this particular relative positioning of the cup and nozzle is merely that best adapted for Ythe particular burner being set forth.

The nozzle 12 is formed atand connects into the bottom of cups 11 and preferably extends therefrom somewhat into the cup 13. The nozzle 12 is not of the same character as the nozzle 10 but is merely formed with a uniformly tapered opening lar er atits outer end than at its inner end. he nozzle is adapted to direct gas and air fromthe cu 11 into and through q the cup 13. It will e noticed from the drawings that the size or diameter of the nozzle 12 is comparatively large relative to the opening in the nozzle 10.

The cup 13 is substantially the same in,

design and construction as the cup 11 and is positioned relative to the nozzle 12 in substantially the same manner as the cup 11 is positioned relative to thenozzle 10, as is clearly shown in the drawings. llt will be noted that the cup 13 is considerably larger than the cup 11 although it is of substantially the same design and proportions.

The combustion chamber 14 connects into 5 the bottomof the cup 13 and extends therefrom in the manner clearly shown in Figs. 1

and. 2 of the drawings. llt will be noted from the drawings that the connecting ieiiectively and thoroughly mixed 'with'the Less 10o opening between the cup 13 and combustion chamber 14 is comparatively large relative to the nozzle 12 and that the combustion chamber 14: flares or diverges towards its outer end with substantially the same amount of taper as there is in the nozzle 12. The outer end portion oi the combustion chamber 14 is therefore comparatively large relative to the inner end, or that part Where it connects with the cup 13. The outer end of the combustion chamber, which is unrestricted except for an inwardly curved flange 4-0, which is clearly shown in Fig. 2, is comparatively large am is concentric with the variousothm' parts oi the burner.

In operation gas issues from the nozzle 10 under pressure and in a quantity depending upon the manner in which the cap 21 is adjusted. The gas passes in a jet into and through the cup 11 and into the nozzle 12 and causes air to be drawn into the cup, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2. The curvature of the on 11 directs the air into the jet of gas at rig t angles to its direction of: flow, thereby causing its velocity to be somewhat decreased and causing the air and gas to becomever'y effectively mixed. The mixture of gas and air passes through the nozzle 12 and is directed by the nozzle 12 into and through the cup 13. The mixture upon passing through the cup. 13 causes air to be drawn into the cup and directed transversely .into the jet of as and air in the manner just described in t e case of the cup 11. In other words, an aditional supply of air is mixed with the mixture of air and gas from. nozzle 12 upon its passing through cup 13 and 'ust before it enters the combustion chain er 14. The velocity of the jet of gas and air from nozzle 12 is somewhat reduced by the air which enters at cup .13 and the "final mixture of gas and air decreases in velocity as it passes throughthe combustion chamber due to the shape of the combustion chamber. In practice the. gas may issue from nozzle 10 at a high velocity, or under high pressure and yet be reduced in velocity in the burner so that combustion will start to. take place in the combustion chamber and not outside of or near the combustion chamber. Combustion of this mixture takes place, or at least, starts in the combustion chamber about as indicated in Fig. 2 of the drawing. In practice it has been found that when the various parts of the burner are properly designed, proportioned and positioned, a perfect mixture of gas and air is supplied to the combustion" chamber at a velocityso that combustion will always takeplace, or start to take place, in'the combustion chamber. The fact that combustion always starts to take place in the combustion chambcrmay be said to be due to theract that the velocity of the gas and its neeeaoo air entering the combustion chamber is not excessively high, that a sufficient amount of air is supplied to the gas at the cups 11 and 13 and that the flange 40 at the outer end of the combustion chamber directs the flow of gases or flames at the outer parts of the combustion chamber more or less inwardly, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2, and thereby causes more or less decrease in velocity and increase in pressure 111 the combustion. It will be readily understood-that with combustion starting in the combustion chamber place in the cup 11. When the burner is operating in the last mentioned manner and it is desired to turn it full on, this may be done with perfecbsa'fety and Without causing back fire or combustion to take place in the cups 11 and 13. It also may be stated that the burner will operate effectively at any angle or in any position and it may be again stated that the burner can be used in any part or in connection with any form or type of apparatus.

Under various circumstances and working conditlons the proportions, sizes and positlons of the various parts of the burner may vary considerably from that herein specifiurther, under certain cir-,

cally set forth. cumstances it may be desirable to construct the burner with three or more cups such as the cups 11 and 13. In this connection it may be stated that the burner herein set forth is merely a form of the invention embodyin two cups. A burner tooperate under higher pressure than the particular burner herein disclosed may be constructed with more space between the various parts;

with more parts (or states), with a finer or smaller nozzle 10, or with any combination or with all of these variations. By increasing the space between the parts, by increasing the number of'parts (cups), or by decreasing the size of the gas nozzle, the final velocity of the mixture in. the combustion chamber will be decreased.

In practice the introduction of the air transversely into the jet of gas, or into. the jet of gas and air, causes very effective mix mg of the air with the gas and thereby makes for perfect combustion. Although combustion always starts to take place within the combustion chamber most of the combustion takes place outside of the combustion chamber. The amount ofv combustion taking place within the combustion chamber relative to the amount of combustion taking place outside of the combustion chamber will vary with, or be dependant upon the velocity of the mixture in the combustion chamber.

Having thus described myinventiomwhat I claim is: i 1. In a' gas burner, a gas nozzle, an open cup-shaped member arranged in front of the gas nozzle, a nozzle in connection with said member, a second open cup-shaped member larger than the first mentioned cup-shaped member and arranged in front of said second nozzle, and an outwardly diverging open endedcombustion chamber in-connection with the second cup-shaped member.

2. In a gas burner, a gas nozzle, an open cup member arranged in frontof the nozzle, an expanding nozzle leading from said member on the-axis of the gas nozzle, a second open on member into which the expanding nozzle discharges, and an expanding open ended combustion chamber leading from the second mentioned cup member.

3. In a gas burner, a gas nozzle, an open cup member arranged in front of the nozzle, an expanding nozzle leading from said member on the axis of the gas nozzle, a second open cup member into which the expanding nozzle discharges,.and an expanding open ended combustion chamber leading from the second mentioned cup member; the combustion chamber being larger than the expanding nozzle walls would be if projected forward to the combustion chamber, so as to accommodate air drawn into the combustion ghamber at the second mentioned cu'p mem- 4. In a gas burner, a gas nozzle, an open cupmember arranged in front of the nozzle, an expanding nozzle leading from said member on the axis of the gas nozzle, a second vopen cup member in which the expanding nozzle discharges, and an expanding open ended combustion chamber leading from the second mentioned cu'p member; the walls of the cup members curving inwardly and transversely of the axis of the nozzles so as to direct, air transversely into the gas stream discharged from the nozzles.

5. In a gas burner, a gas nozzle, a conical expansion nozzle arranged forward of the gas nozzle withits smaller end in position to take the gas discharged from the gas nozzle and spaced therefrom for entry of air, and an open ended combustion chamber arranged forward of the expanding nozzle to take discharge therefrom and spaced therefrom to allow entry of air, the diameter j of the open end of the chamber being larger than the discharge end of the expansion nozzle would be if projected forward to the combustion chamber, so as to accommodatethe air drawn in between the expanding nozzle andthe chamber.

6. In a gas burner, a gas nozzle, a conical expansion nozzle arranged forwerrl of the gas nozzle With its smaller end. in position to take the gas discharged from the gas nozzle and spaced therefrom for entry of air,

and; an open ended combustion chamber errenged forward of the expanding nozzle to take discharge therefrom and spaced therefrom toellon entry of air, the-combustion chamber being conical with its smaller open 10 end. toward the expendin nozzle, and the diameter of the open en of the chamber I neeeneo beinglerger than the ieeherge en& of the @XPBLIISIOII nozzle would be if projected for- Ward to the combustion chamber, so es to accommodate the air. drawn in between the 15

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