US1424065A - Signaling system - Google Patents

Signaling system Download PDF

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Publication number
US1424065A
US1424065A US480563A US48056321A US1424065A US 1424065 A US1424065 A US 1424065A US 480563 A US480563 A US 480563A US 48056321 A US48056321 A US 48056321A US 1424065 A US1424065 A US 1424065A
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Prior art keywords
circuit
feedback
variation
damping
regenerative
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US480563A
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English (en)
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Edwin H Armstrong
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to NL16958D priority Critical patent/NL16958C/xx
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Priority to US480563A priority patent/US1424065A/en
Priority to FR553079D priority patent/FR553079A/fr
Priority to DEA38013D priority patent/DE479265C/de
Priority to GB17565/22A priority patent/GB182135A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D11/00—Super-regenerative demodulator circuits
    • H03D11/02—Super-regenerative demodulator circuits for amplitude-modulated oscillations

Definitions

  • This invention has for its object the provision of a method of operating an electric regenerative system and of apparatus for obtaining enormous amplification of varying electric currents means of certain modifications and applications of the wellknown feedback or regenerative principle.
  • the results obtainable are of striking character and are the result of a new principle which will 'be termed super-regeneration.
  • the invention comprises impressing the feeble varying potential of the current to be amplified upon a feedback or regenerative circuit or system critically adjusted, as will be explained hereinafter; and simultaneously and preferably periodically altering or varying the relation between the amount of feedback, that is, the regenerative energy supplied to the circuit (the so-called negative resistance) and the damping, that is, the rate of dissipation of energy of the circuit byvarying either'the amount of regeneration or the degree of damping of the regenerative circuit, or both together, at some frequency which may be relatively low as compared to the frequency of the current to be amplified.
  • the amount of feedback that is, the regenerative energy supplied to the circuit (the so-called negative resistance)
  • the damping that is, the rate of dissipation of energy of the circuit byvarying either'the amount of regeneration or the degree of damping of the regenerative circuit, or both together, at some frequency which may be relatively low as compared to the frequency of the current to be amplified.
  • the principle of this invention may be understood fromthe following general analysis.
  • the regenerative amplification continuously increases as the feedback coupling is increased, or broadly, .as the amplified oscillation is utilized more and more to reinforce the original oscillation, until the point of oscillation is reached, that is, the point where the regenerative efieot is strong enough to automatically build up an oscillation and maintain it indefinitely by the energy derived from the local battery.
  • the regenerative amplification is a maximum" either at this point or at a point slightly above or below 1t, depending on the initial strength of the signal, the characteristics of the vacuum Specification of Letters Patent.
  • the periodic variation in the relation between the amount of feedback and the damp mg of the system may be produced by varying the feedback with respect to the damp-- ing, by varying the damping with respect to the feedback, or by varying both simultaneously.
  • the rate of variation of the amount of feedback or damping, or both, of the regenerative circuit may be either at subaudible, audible, or super-audible;frequencies.
  • the rate of variation should preferably be above audibility although in special cases an audible frequency variation may be employed to advantage.
  • the sub-audible frequency may be preferable.
  • an audible frequency variation should be employed.
  • Fig. 1 shows a simple feedback circuit with the necessary apparatus for producing a periodic variation in the plate voltage and hence in the amount of feed-back.
  • Fig. 2 shows a system similar to that of Fig. l with the periodic variation applied to the damping of the tuned grid circuit of the system.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a practical form of the device applied to a wireless signaling system, in which the periodic variation illustrated in principle by Fig. 1 is applied by means of an oscillating vacuum tube.
  • the variation is applied to the plate voltage of the amplifying tube of the wave frequency system and hence varies the amount of feedback.
  • Fig. 4- illustrates another form! of the type of variation shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a practical form of apparatus for producing the variation in the damping of the grid circuit of the amplifier of the wave frequency system by means of an oscillating vacuum tube.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the same circuit arrangement as that of Fig. 5 except that instead of a separate detector as shown in Fig. 5, the regenerative tube of the wave frequency system is also used as the detector.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates the same circuit arrangement as that of Fig. 6, but in this case the auxiliary frequency oscillating tube producing the variation is used as the detector, thereby introducing additional amplification.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates an arrangement in which the variation is effected by varying the damping of the tuned late circuit of a regenerative system and ience the amount of the feedback.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates an arrangement for carrying out the simultaneous variation of the amount of feedback or regeneration and the degree of damping.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates a simplified form of the system of Fig. 9 in which the double variation is automatically produced by the amplifying tube.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates the system of Fig. 10 applied to a radio signaling system.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates a sim lified form of the system of Fig. 11, in whici the functions of amplification, variation and detection are all accomplished by the'use of a single tube.
  • a simple regenerative circuit with a magnetically coupled feedback is shown.
  • 1 repre- 'sents the source of electromotive force to be amplified
  • 2-3 is a tuned circuit connected to the input of a vacuum tube 4:
  • 5 is the feedback coil
  • 9 represents the usual plate battery
  • 6 is'a coilfor supplying the amplified energy to a circuit 10 wherein it is to be utilized
  • 7, 8, 11 and 13 are an inductance, capacity, vacuum tube, and source of'electromotive force, respectively, for introducing the auxiliary frequency into the plate circuit to produce the variation already referred to.
  • coil 2 is an inductance of 0.1 millihenrys
  • 3 is a capacity of .001 microfarads
  • 4 is a Western Electric type J tube
  • 5 is an inductance of 0.1 millihenrys (which is considerably larger than necessary for the ordinary regenerative circuit as after the variation is introduced it is necessary to increase the feedback coupling beyond normal values)
  • 6 is an inductance of 0.05 millihenrys
  • 9 is a 40 volt battery
  • 7 is an in ductance of 10 henrys
  • 8 is a large variable capacity of .01 mfds. maximum
  • 11 is a second type J tube
  • 12 is a 40 volt battery
  • 13 a source of electromotive force which may be varied up to 50 volts.
  • the method of adjustment of the system is as follows.
  • the electromotive force 13 is cut out, condenser 8 set at some large value and the circuit 2, 3 and the coipling denser 8 and voltage and frequency of 13 ex- I tremely large amplifications can be built up.
  • This type of circuit can be. applied equally well to the amplification of all types of waves. While there is no hard and fast rule concerning the frequency of the variation of the feedback and the damping, the rules already indicated may be applied in the manner described, depending on whether spark, buzzer modulated, voice modulated, or pure continuous Waves are to be amplified.
  • any electromotive force impressed on the system starts a free oscillation which gradually dies away to zero after the impressed electromotive force is removed.
  • the initial amplitude of this free vibration may be considered as equal tothe maximum amplitude of the forced oscillation set up by the impressed electromotive force.
  • the rate at which the free oscillation will die out depends on the damping of the circuit, as modified by the energy .i'ed back. This state is well known in the practical art.
  • this transient ordinarily unstable state can be made absolutely constant and dependable so that the system may be maintained at all times in the super-regenerative state.
  • avariation may be produced simultaneously of both the damping of the tuned circuit and the amount of feed-back or regeneration.
  • the amplifying tube may be arranged to oscillate at the frequency required to produce the variation and by a critical adjustment of the relation between the feedback couplings of the high and low frequency circuits an interaction between these two systems may be set up which produces still greater amplificatio
  • the general arrangement for practicing the first method is illustrated by the system of Fig. 1, which has been already described.
  • the general arrangement for practicing Here 14 is the source of electromotive force which this electromotive force is impressed, 16 a vacuum tube connected to feed back through the coil 17 and 1819 a transformer for utilizing the amplified energy, 20 is a vacuum tube connected to vary the damping of circuit 15, and 21 a source of alternating electromotive force to operate the tube 20.
  • This method is especially valuable 'to be amplified, 15 a tuned circuit upon when, for reasons which will be hereinafter explained, it is desired to'use a very high rate of variation as compared to the frequency of the incoming signals.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an arrangement in which the first methodmay be applied to a radio receiving system with a tube arranged to produce, by means of a feedback circuit, the necessary oscillating current to cause it to produce the variation in the amplifying system.
  • 22 re resents the recelving antenna, 23 the feed ack amplifier, 24 a detecting system and 25-26 and 27-28 apair of tuned circuits connected to the vacuum tube 29 and so adjusted-as to produce locally an oscillating current of substantially the frequency of the tuned circuits.
  • oscillations received by1 the antenna 22 are impressed on the am- P y detected by the detecting system 24.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a system method, i. e., one in which the variation is introduced in the damping of the tuned circuit.
  • This arrangement is similar to that of Fig. 3 in that the input end of the amplifying system is coupled to the antenna 43 and the output coupled to a detector system 49. The essential diiference is in the system producing the periodic variation.
  • system 23 amplified therein and First by of the second 51 is a vacuum tube connected to a feedback oscillating system 52, 53, 54.
  • the grid circuit is completed through the inductance 44 by the lead connected to some point such as 55 on it.
  • the grid-filament circuit of the tube pro ucing theperiodic variation is connected across the tunedcircuit 44, 45, 46 and introduces into that circuit.
  • variable damping depending on the instantaneous value of the potential of the grid of the tube 51.
  • a variable resistance 45 and a variable tap 55 are provided. These are'adjusted to produce the loudest signals ina manner best determined by experiment.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a system of the same type as Fig. 5, in which the separate detect'or system is eliminated and the amplifying tube is utilized as the detector by placing the telephone 62 in the plate circuit
  • This system is almost as effective as that of the preceding figure and of a more practical form.
  • Fig.' 7 is a system of the same type as Fig. '6 except in this case the tube producing the variation is used simultaneously as the detector by placing the telephones 73 in the plate circuit of the tube 74.
  • This arrangement in general, gives better amplification than either of the'preceding figures of the same type for the reason that there is a double amplification of the received signals.
  • the amplification of the tubes 71 which converts the amplified energy into current having a frequency corresponding exactly to thefrequency of the periodic variation. 'Thiscurrent is then amplified by the feedback system of the-tube 74- and since it is in exact synchronism with the local frequency already existing there it is detected by the tube 74 according to the zero beat method and hence with great efliciency.
  • Fig. 8 discloses an arrangement in which the variation is introduced into the damping of a tuned plate circuit so that its reacadjusted to the same fre uency as 85, 86.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates a system for simultaneously varying the damping of the tuned circuit and the amount of feedback.
  • 90 represents the source of electromotive force to be amplified, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, the usual regenerative circuit for produc ing the amplification, 96 a circuit for utiliz-. ing the amplified energy.
  • 100 is a tube for varying the damping of the circuit 91, 92;
  • 104 is a tube for varying the amount of feedback.
  • 105 is a source of electromotive force for operating these tubes and 101, 102, 103 are circuits for applying the electromotive force of 105 to the actuation of the tubes 100 and 104, and for varying the relative phase and amplitude.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates a more practical form of apparatus embodying theprinciple of operation described in connection with Fig. 9.
  • 106 represents the'sourof electromotive force to be amplified, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111 the usual regenerative amplifying apparatus, 112 the circuit for utilizing the amplified energy and 113, 114, 115, 116 a feedback oscillating system for pir'oducing the frequency of variation.
  • Circuit 107, 108 is tuned and adjusted to the signal to be amplified in the usual way.
  • Circuits 113,114 and 115, 116 are setfor some frequency relatively low in comparison with the frequency to be amplified. This freguency may be either audible or inaudible epending on the type of signal to be amplified.
  • Coupling 114, 115 is next closed up until oscillations start.
  • the coupling is weakened nearly to the point where oscillations cease.
  • the first feedback coupling 107 109 is next adjusted until the circuit 107 108 is just on the edge of the oscillating state.
  • Coupling 114, 115 is next readjusted. In the tuning of circuits 113,
  • circuit 113, 114 or circuit 115, 116 in order to adjust the relative phases of the voltages applied to the grid and plate by the reactions of the circuits it is necessary to adjust either circuit 113, 114 or circuit 115, 116 so that one or the other alone practically determines the period of oscillations. This is done by making one condenser much larger than the other. The period is determined by the circuit having the larger condenser and the other condenser may be made quite small. Any value sufiicient to by pass the currents of the signaling wave frequency will sufiice.
  • the grid circuit determines the period but this is not in any way essential.
  • suitable continual adjustment between the relation of couplings 107, 109 and 114. 115 a point will be arrived at in which the normal amplification of the regenerative circuit, as observed in circuit 112,'wi1l be enormously increased. This indicates that the new state has been entered.
  • suitable adjustments of the tuning of 107,108, coupling 107 109 and the tuning and coupling of 113, 114 and 115, 116 enormous amplifications can be built up.
  • the constants of this system for a wave length of 600'meters are hereby given.
  • Coil 107 is an inductance of 0.1 millihenrys.
  • Condenser 108 has a capacity of .001 mfds.
  • the feed back coil 109 has an inductance of 0.1 millihenrys.
  • Coil 111 has an inductance of 0.05 millihenrys.
  • 114 and 115 may have an inductance of from 50 to 100 millihenrys.
  • Condensers 113 and 116 have a maximum capacity of .015 mfds.
  • coils 11 1 and 115 have an inductance of 1.5 henrys each.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates the system of Fig. 10 applied to a radio signaling system.
  • this system 117 represents the antenna, 118, 119 a tube system arranged to simultaneously amplify and produce the necessary variation and 126, 127 a detecting system.
  • the adjustment of this system is carried out in exactly the same way as in the system of the preceding figure.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates a radio signaling system similar to Fig. 11 except that the separate detector is dispensed with and the single tube performs simultaneously the function of amplification, variation and detection.
  • the tuned circuit should be made up of small inductance and large capacity and as large a ne ative charge as possible used on the gri In radio telephony Where it is not possible to obtain as high a degree of selectivity as in undamped wave telegraphy, either type of variation can be effectively employed.
  • the resonance curve of the system takes on the characteristics-of a band filter and such a system can
  • the antenna of the radio system may be replaced by conducting lines if it is desired to employ theinvention in connection with carrier current wire transmission systems, so-called wired wire-v less systems.
  • I claim- 1 Themethod of amplifying varying electric currents which comprises impressing the varying potential of the current to be amplified upon a feedback system having a certain degree of damping, and periodically altering the relation between the amount of feedback and the degree of damping of the system, whereby super-regenerative action is obtained.
  • the method of amplifying varying electric currents which comprises impressing the varying potential of the current to be amplified upon a feedback circuit having a certain degree of damping, and periodically varying the relation between the low as compared to the frequency of the current to be amplified, whereby superregenerative action is obtained.
  • the method of amplifying varying electric currents which comprises impressing the varying potential of the current to be amplified upon a feedback circuit, and periodically varying the amount of feedback, whereby super-regenerative action is ob tained.
  • the method of amplifying varying electric currents which comprises impressing the varying potential of the current to be amplified upon a feedback circuit having a certain degree of damping, and periodically varying both the amount of feedback and the degree of damping of said circuit, whereby super-regenerative action is obtained.
  • the method of amplifying varying electric currents which comprises impressing the Varying potential of the current to be whereby super-regenerative action is obtained.
  • Apparatus for amplifying varying electric currents comprising a feedback systern having a certain degree of dping, and means forperiodically altering the rela- .tion between the amount of feedback and the electric degree of damping of the system, whereby super-regenerative action is obtained.
  • Apparatus for amplifying varying currents comprising a feedback system having a certain degree of damping
  • 2'5 means for periodically varying the relation between the amount of feedback and degree of dam in ofthe system at some n relative y Few as compared to the i'ruency of the current to be plified, wherey super-regenerative action is obtained.
  • Apparatus for plitying varying electric currents comprising a feedback circuit upon which the potential of said currents is adapted'to be impressed, and meansfor periodically varying the amount of feedbackin said circuit, whereby super-regenerative action is obtained.
  • Apparatus for amplifying varying electric currents comprising a feedback system having a certain d gree of damping, and means for periodica y varying both the amount of feedback and the degree of damping of said system, whereby super-regenerativeaction is obtained.
  • Apparatus for amplifying varying electric currents comprising a feedback system having a certain degree of damping, and adjusted near thepoint of oscillation; and means for periodically varying the amount of feedback with respect to the damping of said system, whereby super -.regcnerative 12.
  • Apparatus for amplifying varying electric currents comprising a feedback system having a'certain degree of damping, and means for periodicall varying both the amount of feed ack and tile degree of damping of said system at some frequency rela tivcly low as compared to the frc%uency of the current to be amplified, where y superre'generative action is obtained.
  • a vacuum tube regenerative system comprising a feed-back circuit having damping and adjusted near the point of oscillation, an oscillating feedback circuit associated therewith and means by which it causes a eriodic variation in the relation between t e amount of feedback and the damping of said first circuit, whereby superregenerative action is obtained.
  • An electric regenerative system comprising a deed-back circuit ha dping and including a vacuu tube having grid, filent and plate elements, and circuits associated therewith, together with means for adjustably inductively coupling the grid and plate circuits thereof to the point of oscillation, and an oscillating feedback circuit associated therewith including a 'vacuto l um tube having grid, filament and plate elements and circuits associated therewith together with means for inductively coupl the grid and plate circuits thereof,
  • a vacuum tube regenerative :hre comprisin a feedback circuit hadamp- 'ing' and a justed near the point of oscilla' tion, an .oscillati, feback circuit associated therewith and by which it caums a periodic variation in both the amount of feedback and the damping of said first circuit, whereby super-regenerative ac-. tion is obtained.
  • An electric regenerative system comprising a feedback circuit having dampin and including a vacuum tube haggri Edd filament d plate elements, and wave frequency circuits associated therewith together with means for ad'ustably coupling the grid and plate wave requency circuits to the point of oscillation, and additional auxiliary frequency circuits associated with said tube elementssdaptcd t6 coule the grid and plate circuits thereof suciently to produce oscillation, said auxiliary fro 12o quency circuits in conjunction with the tube forming means for producing a periodic variation in the relation between the amount of feedback 'and the damping of the wave- 1% tive action isobtained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
US480563A 1921-06-27 1921-06-27 Signaling system Expired - Lifetime US1424065A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL16958D NL16958C (en:Method) 1921-06-27
US480563A US1424065A (en) 1921-06-27 1921-06-27 Signaling system
FR553079D FR553079A (fr) 1921-06-27 1922-06-20 Système électrique de communication par signaux
DEA38013D DE479265C (de) 1921-06-27 1922-06-25 Verfahren zur Verstaerkung veraenderlicher elektrischer Stroeme
GB17565/22A GB182135A (en) 1921-06-27 1922-06-26 Improvements in or relating to wireless signalling systems

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US480563A US1424065A (en) 1921-06-27 1921-06-27 Signaling system

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US1424065A true US1424065A (en) 1922-07-25

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US480563A Expired - Lifetime US1424065A (en) 1921-06-27 1921-06-27 Signaling system

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DE (1) DE479265C (en:Method)
FR (1) FR553079A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB182135A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL16958C (en:Method)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2504636A (en) * 1944-07-15 1950-04-18 Philco Corp Superregenerative receiver circuit
US2537132A (en) * 1944-09-11 1951-01-09 Radio Patents Corp Superregenerative receiver
US2589455A (en) * 1946-09-05 1952-03-18 Philco Corp Reflex superregenerative receiver
US2599933A (en) * 1945-11-05 1952-06-10 Us Navy Superregenerative microwave receiver
US2644080A (en) * 1948-05-22 1953-06-30 Hazeltine Research Inc Self-quench superregenerative amplifier
US2851685A (en) * 1954-05-25 1958-09-09 Radio Patents Company Duplex radio communication
US20030107475A1 (en) * 2001-12-12 2003-06-12 Bautista Edwin Espanola Receiver for and method of extending battery life
US9048943B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-06-02 Dockon Ag Low-power, noise insensitive communication channel using logarithmic detector amplifier (LDA) demodulator
US20150183339A1 (en) * 2013-12-30 2015-07-02 Curtis E. Graber Electromagnetic field generator
US9236892B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-01-12 Dockon Ag Combination of steering antennas, CPL antenna(s), and one or more receive logarithmic detector amplifiers for SISO and MIMO applications
US9263787B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-02-16 Dockon Ag Power combiner and fixed/adjustable CPL antennas
US9503133B2 (en) 2012-12-03 2016-11-22 Dockon Ag Low noise detection system using log detector amplifier
US9590572B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2017-03-07 Dockon Ag Logarithmic detector amplifier system for use as high sensitivity selective receiver without frequency conversion
US9684807B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-06-20 Dockon Ag Frequency selective logarithmic amplifier with intrinsic frequency demodulation capability
US11082014B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2021-08-03 Dockon Ag Advanced amplifier system for ultra-wide band RF communication
US11183974B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2021-11-23 Dockon Ag Logarithmic detector amplifier system in open-loop configuration for use as high sensitivity selective receiver without frequency conversion
US11588421B1 (en) 2019-08-15 2023-02-21 Robert M. Lyden Receiver device of energy from the earth and its atmosphere
US12136824B2 (en) 2019-08-15 2024-11-05 Robert M. Lyden Device for receiving and harvesting energy from the earth and its atmosphere

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE835159C (de) * 1948-10-02 1952-03-27 Siemens & Halske A G Verstaerker mit Gegen- und Mitkopplung

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2504636A (en) * 1944-07-15 1950-04-18 Philco Corp Superregenerative receiver circuit
US2537132A (en) * 1944-09-11 1951-01-09 Radio Patents Corp Superregenerative receiver
US2599933A (en) * 1945-11-05 1952-06-10 Us Navy Superregenerative microwave receiver
US2589455A (en) * 1946-09-05 1952-03-18 Philco Corp Reflex superregenerative receiver
US2644080A (en) * 1948-05-22 1953-06-30 Hazeltine Research Inc Self-quench superregenerative amplifier
US2851685A (en) * 1954-05-25 1958-09-09 Radio Patents Company Duplex radio communication
US20030107475A1 (en) * 2001-12-12 2003-06-12 Bautista Edwin Espanola Receiver for and method of extending battery life
US9621203B2 (en) 2012-12-03 2017-04-11 Dockon Ag Medium communication system using log detector amplifier
US9503133B2 (en) 2012-12-03 2016-11-22 Dockon Ag Low noise detection system using log detector amplifier
US9397382B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-07-19 Dockon Ag Logarithmic amplifier with universal demodulation capabilities
US9684807B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-06-20 Dockon Ag Frequency selective logarithmic amplifier with intrinsic frequency demodulation capability
US9356561B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-05-31 Dockon Ag Logarithmic amplifier with universal demodulation capabilities
US9236892B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-01-12 Dockon Ag Combination of steering antennas, CPL antenna(s), and one or more receive logarithmic detector amplifiers for SISO and MIMO applications
US11012953B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-05-18 Dockon Ag Frequency selective logarithmic amplifier with intrinsic frequency demodulation capability
US9263787B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-02-16 Dockon Ag Power combiner and fixed/adjustable CPL antennas
US9048943B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-06-02 Dockon Ag Low-power, noise insensitive communication channel using logarithmic detector amplifier (LDA) demodulator
US10333475B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2019-06-25 QuantalRF AG Logarithmic detector amplifier system for use as high sensitivity selective receiver without frequency conversion
US9590572B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2017-03-07 Dockon Ag Logarithmic detector amplifier system for use as high sensitivity selective receiver without frequency conversion
US11050393B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2021-06-29 Dockon Ag Amplifier system for use as high sensitivity selective receiver without frequency conversion
US11082014B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2021-08-03 Dockon Ag Advanced amplifier system for ultra-wide band RF communication
US11095255B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2021-08-17 Dockon Ag Amplifier system for use as high sensitivity selective receiver without frequency conversion
US11183974B2 (en) 2013-09-12 2021-11-23 Dockon Ag Logarithmic detector amplifier system in open-loop configuration for use as high sensitivity selective receiver without frequency conversion
US9649952B2 (en) * 2013-12-30 2017-05-16 Curtis E. Graber Electromagnetic field generator
US20150183339A1 (en) * 2013-12-30 2015-07-02 Curtis E. Graber Electromagnetic field generator
US11588421B1 (en) 2019-08-15 2023-02-21 Robert M. Lyden Receiver device of energy from the earth and its atmosphere
US12136824B2 (en) 2019-08-15 2024-11-05 Robert M. Lyden Device for receiving and harvesting energy from the earth and its atmosphere

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL16958C (en:Method)
FR553079A (fr) 1923-05-12
DE479265C (de) 1929-07-16
GB182135A (en) 1923-09-26

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