US1421038A

US1421038A - Sprayer

Info

Publication number: US1421038A
Application number: US319944A
Authority: US
Inventors: James M Stocker
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1919-08-26
Filing date: 1919-08-26
Publication date: 1922-06-27
Anticipated expiration: 1939-06-27

Description

1l` M. STOCKER.-

SPRAYER..

APPLICATION FILED Aue.26, 191s.

" Patented June 27, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET x.

parrain stares JAMES M. STOOKER, 0F ATLANTA, GEORGIA.

SPRAYER.

Application filed August 26, 1919.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES M. S'rooKnR, a citizen of the United States, residing at At lanta, in the county of Fulton and State of Georgia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Sprayers; and I do hereby declare the following to be fa full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to portabley spraying apparatus, partieularlyto motortrucks provided with means for transporting and distributing -a liquid road binder of an asphaltic or bituminous nature.

The general object of the invention is to facilitate the operations of road building or surfacing wherein-the solid road surfacing materials such as broken stone, gravel, and the like, are bound together by a plastic binder applied in liquid state after the stone, gravel or the like has been distributed and shaped to the required surface contour.

Specific objects are to insure even spread- Ving and uniform penetration of the binder over and into the road surfacing materials; to control accurately the quantity of binder deposited on any given area; to facilitate the charging of the apparatus with the hot binder material; to regulate the quantity of the charge; and to improve the various details of structure of apparatus designed to achieve the objects of the invention.

The invention consists'in the several Lcombinations adapted to function in such manner as to carry out the purposes of the invention, and specifically described hereinafter, illustrated in the -accompanying drawings, and defined in the appended claims.

In the drawings, wherein similar reference characters designate similar parts through-k out the several views: y

Figure l'is a side elevation of the apparatus wit-hparts broken away to show Lconstructions that would otherwise be concealed;

Figure 2 is a view of the rear end of the.

apparatus having parts broken away, and also illustrating diagrammatically the action of the spray nozzles;

Figure 3 is a view of the filling pipes through which liquid is charged into the tank Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 2'?, 1922.

serial No. 319,944.

A. as seen looking in the direction of the arrows 3-3 in Figure l;

Figure 4 is a sectional detail on line t-et of Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary view, from above, of a portion of piping leading from the tank to the sprayer.

In the said drawings 10 indicates in general a truck or vehicle frame carrying a hood 1l housing` the usual prime mover such as an internal combustion engine, said frame being mounted on suitable axles l2 and supporting wheels 13. Springs 14 support the weightof the rear port-ion of the frame and the load resting on it. It. will be understood that, in practice, suitable transmission gear between engine and rear wheel will enable the apparatus to travel at any desired speed.

On the truck frame rests a tank A, adapted t0 contain the liquid to be sprayed.

A pipe E controlled by valve E serves to admit liquid into the bottom of tank A. Said pipe E connects with branchesfE2 and E3, extending laterally, each branch having valves E4 and E5, respectively. In filling tank A, liquid binder such as a hot bituminous or asphaltic substance may be pumped into it through pipes E2 and E, or and E, as may bemost convenient. In practice, the liquid binder will be pumped, in a heated highly fluid state, from an asphalt melting furnace, which may be a portable furnace if desired.

Supported on the frame in front of tank AA is' an air compressor B, adapted to supply air under pressure to an air chamber or air tank D through the pipe N connecting the compressor with the air tank, the latter being of sufficient capacity to neutralize the ef fect of the pulsations of the compressor. An air pipe N connects the air tank I) with the dome A of the tank A in order that coinpressed air may be admitted to said tank for the purpose of forcing the liquid therein through the sprayingnozzles of the spraying header C to be presently described. Pipes N and N are provided with suitable valves N2 and N3.

In the top of the dome A is a small orifice G, through which air escapes as it becomes displaced by liquid being pumped into the tank A through the liquid inlet pipes E2, E,

or E3, E. 1n order to indicate when the tank is full, an audible signal device such as a whistle il, is so placed that air escaping through the orifice Gr will sound the signal. The orifice G is adapted to be closed by a liquid-level responsive device such as a float I, said float being elevated by the -liquid when the latter fills the tank to the level required so that a valve carried by said float closes the orifice G. The whistle H, or other indicator, will sound continuously while liquid is being pumped into the tank and will stop when the required level is attained by the operation of the float 1 closing orifice G. Cessation of the sound wil-l indicate that the tank is full whereupon the pump will be stopped and valve E closed.

Connected with the pipe N is a reducing valve or `fiuid pressure regulator G of any suitable type. A check valve P is disposed in the pipe'N near the dome A and between `said dome and the pressure regulator O. Said check valve seats under the influence of pressure within the tank A .and prevents vapors and fumes that may arise from the hot liquid within the tank A from entering the pressure regulator O and fouling or gumming :the mechanism thereof so as to interfere with its operation. The said pressure regulator O is so constructed and adjusted that it maintains a constant even pressure in tank A, regardless of the degree of pressure within the compressed air tank D, provided that the pressure in said air tank is greater than the pressure in the tank A. The pressure of'air in tank A is a most important factor in determining the rate of discharge through the spray orifices in the header C. 1f the pressure is not uniform in said tank A the rate of discharge will not be uniform an-d the roadway treated will be of irregular structure and consistency. Furthermore, some sections of roadway require more binder than others and the quantity of binder required is readily determined by the speed of travel of the spraying vehicle when the pressure in tank A remains constant. In the embodiment illustrated the air compressor is operated by the same prime mover that drives the vehicle and may operate at somewhat different speeds at different times. The pressure regulator compensates for these varying rates of speed of engine and air compressor and maintains a constant pressure in the tank. It is therefore only necessary to regulate accurately the speed of the truck in order to deposit a desired known quantity of binder per square yard of roadway.

The internal combustion engine or other prime mover (not shown) is supported by the frame beneath the hood 11 as stated. This prime mover is utilized for moving the vehicle, a 'transmission train of any common type connecting the motor with the supporting wheels; and it is also utilized for driving the air compressor B. A driving shaft section L is connected to the crank shaft of the engine by a tumbling or universal drive-coupling L2, and, by a Similar coupling, section L is connected with a section L journaled in bearings L3 on the frame. Between the bearings L3 a suitable pulley or other driving member L* is secured to shaft section L', in the embodiment illustrated, and the pulley L4 is belted to a wheel L5 that is carried on the drive shaft of the air compressor. 1t is contemplated that the air compressor shall be controlled by any suitable clutch mechanism (not shown), so as to be coupled with or unc-oup'led from the shaft L; or, if a belt drive be used, as illustrated, the belt thereof may be tightened or loosened by means of a belt tightener (not shown), all in a manner that is well understood, in order that the vehicle may be moved from place to place without running the air compressor.

The gear casing K contains any approved form of variable speed transmission gearing whereby the speed of the vehicle may be regulated. From the transmission gearing K any suitable driving train (not illustrated) may be connected to the drive wheels. In the construction disclosed the shaft section L runs at the same speed as ythe motor crank shaft, and as the speed controlling devices for stopping, starting and regulating the speed of the vehicle are rearward of the shaft L', the air compressor may be run at top speed of the motor independent of the speed of travel of the vehicl rlhus the vehicle may travel without running the compressor or the compressor may be operated without moving the vehicle, from a single motor. rhe machine is so designed as to meet the maximum requirements when the transmission to the road wheels is in low, or slowest speed, and the motor running at substantially QU/L of its maximum speed; allowing a variation from normal maximum in either direction.

In practice, it is expected that the pressure in the compressed air tank l) will be normally BO to Ll0 lbs. per sq. inch greater than that desired in the tank A, this difference insuring proper operation of the pressure regulator G, and maintaining a suitable reserve supply of air under pressure. lVith a liquid of a given viscosity the rate of discharge in gallons per minute under a given constant air pressure may be readily determined. 1t then involves a simple calculation to determine at what rate of speed the machine must travel over the roadbed in order to deposit the desired volume of liquid binder for each square yard of surface.

Besides the two factors of pressure and speed of travel over the ground, the viscosity, which in the case of asphaltic materials varies with variations of temperature,

is a factor to be reckoned with in spreading any desired quantity over a given surface.

ln building road surfaces with broken stone-or other road material bound with asphalt or like binder sprayed upon it, it is of great importance that the binder shall be evenly distributed over every part kof the surface. It is also important to compensate for the unavoidable varying temperatures and consequent viscosity changes of the binder. Every eort is, of course, made to maintain the temperature of the binder at all times the same. But some variation cannot be avoided, owing to varying weather conditions. The spray-header is therefore made adjustable transversely of the vcenter line of travel to enable a deposited stripe of binder to match with one previously deposited and adjustable in height to compensate for variation in viscosity. i

The spray header C consists of a pipe arranged horizontally and transversely at the rear of the truck frame and may have one, two, or more rows of spray nozzles 2O communicating with it. Said spray header C is connected by transverse pipes Y to the pipes Y parallel with the header C, said pipes Y having adjacent ends coupled to a T-coupling C. An elbow C2 is coupled to the said T-coupling C so as to turn about a vertical axis, and a second' elbow C3 is coupled to the elbow C2 so as to turn a horizontal axis. A pipe Z extends from elbow C3 to a double elbow coupling Z in order to permit said pipe Z to swing vertically about its connection with a pipe section Z2 extending upward to the tank A, said pipe Z2 having a valve Z3. Valve Z3 is close to tank A so that iiow of liquid binder may be cut off close to the tank vfor the purpose` of avoiding hardening or freezing of binder material in the pipe Z. A quick action valve 74 is also located in the pipe Z, the said valve Z'4 having a handle Z5 extending upward in position to be conveniently manipulated by an operator standing` or sitting on the rear portion of the apparatus, so that said operator may readily contol the discharge of binder. The said mechanism comprises means whereby the spray header C may be shifted horizontally and raised or lowered at the will of the operator stationed on the rear of the vehicle; also means whereby, at whatever height the spray header may be set, it will be automatically maintained at substantially the `same height above the surface of the road, irrespective of the quantity of binder in the tank, or irrespective of the distance betweenthe tank andthe rear axle, which is less when the tank is full than when it is empty, Owing to the varying form of the springs 1A under light and heavy loads.

Extending rearward from the frame' l() guide member, there being one guided between each pair of guide arms R. T represen'ts a vertically movable slide box, there being one guided within each guide member S. The guide members S are of rectangular hollow form Ywith open sides. The slide boxes T ht within the rectangular interior of guide members S and may be moved up and down therein by means of screw T fixed to each slide boxes T, said screw passing upward througha hole in they top of guide member S and having a nut T3 threaded thereon, to which is rigidly connected ahand wheel T2, by means of which the slide T may be raised or lowered with respect to the guide member S. Integrally formed with each nut T3 is a sprocket wheel, thesprocket wheels being connected by a sprocket chain T4 whereby both nuts T3 are operated together, when either hand wheel T2 is turned.

U indicates transverse slide bar members connected in line withl each other by a centraltoothed rack X. The members U are fitted to slide through the said slide boxes T without lateral play and move up and down with said slides in the guide member S. Engaging the teeth or" rack X is an elongated toothed pinion lV rigid with an upright shaft W journaled in the cross member V, (upon which the' operator vmay standlsaid shaft having on its upper end a hand wheel 72, by means of'which the shaft lV may be rotated,thereby shifting the rack X and members U to right or lett through the` slide boxes T. The extremities of the members ll carry depending arms U the ends of which are provided with perforated bosses swiveled'to the'pipes Y inside of and in lateral contact withV the elbows connecting pipes Y with pipes Y that communicate with the header C. By the construction described it will be apparent that the header C, rack X andbar members U movey in unison, and that any movement of said membersU is imparted to header C. Thus, rotationof hand wheel W2 to move the rack X and members U end'wise will move the header toy theright or leftr with respectto the center line of advance 0f the vehicle, and movement, of the slidev T and bars U vertically will similarly move the header C vermechanism to be now describedis provided :l

.fit each side ol the-apparatus one end of a lever S is pivoted at S2 to a. bracket-secured to 'the rear axle of thevehicle Said lever S is lulerulned betweenv its-ends at S to a bracketQ. depending from each angle bar Q. The other end of the lever S is pivoted to a-lever-.arm S3 rigid on arock shalt SL pivoted ,in bearings secured to or formed in the angle bars Q.. Ank arm SG rigidly secured to the rock shaft S4L is ypivoted to a link S7 depending` from slide-Sw As the tank A; becomes-lighter by. thedis-v charge-ot its loadthespring le tendstoresume its Vnormal form and elevates the frame l0 and tanks. accordingly. But as the trame l() rises it elevates the. rearcnd ol lever S by means of bracketQ to which the lever is pivoted. Elevationotthe rear end ot lever S depresses the Vendaof lever arm SG and draws guide member S downward. `rlhe slide box Tand bar member U of course-move with thev guide memberS and consequentlymove the .spray header C doivnivard with' respectv tov the frame .10. lVhen the frame l0. is eleva-teder `ldepressed forany reason the spray header C is correspondingly moved in` the opposite direction. The proportionate extent ot=the relative movement will depend upon the proportionate lengths oli the lever arms; ltwill be obvious that other specific devices may bef substituted lier thesystem olf -levers illustrated, and that, in `general, ther proportions of the elements et the transmittingtrain will be such as to maintain thefheaderl Cat suhstantially the samev heightabove the roadway, or at such height-as ,to spread the binder evenly.

The desired height ofthe sprayheader C may be determined and set by the .hand Wheel T2'and thatA same height will therealter he maintained Iautomatically even though the tank gradually rises and falls as the load diminishes. or` increases by reason el the spraying ofthe contents oft the 'tanl-z Y A onto the road andrepeatedllingthereof.

lt is most desirabler to maintain the liquid binder inthe tank A always' of the same viscosity, but bituminous or asphaltic materials pumped into the` tankin .a hot liquid condition gradually Acool and becom'ein consequence m-ore viscous particularly in, cold Weather. klVhen the liquid is hot` and'very lluid it will cover -a' yWider area when sprayed from a nozzle of given height above the roadway than When it is cooler. Conse quently, the operator, stationedon member V at the rea-r of' thevehicle, Will adjustthe height ol the-spray header G soas-to compensate or the changes oit viscosity ofthe liquid, byL raising or lowering. the spray header C, and when said header has once been adjusted to the height necessary said height will be automatically maintained.

ln zFig-ure?l the effect of thespray at dil lcrent :heights above the roadbed is illustrated. thecorrect height above the road bed, the bases oilz the spray-cones just meetingv and effecting an even distribution el the binding material. At 2 the spraying nozzle is indicated astoo near the road bed, the bases ot the'spray-cones not meeting and leaving uncovered areas between them. Atv the spray header is indicated as .too high above the lroad bed, the bases ol the spray-cones overlappingv making a streaky deposit `on the: road by. reason of atoo thick deposit Where the bases of the ycones overlap. By Watching the spray cones and `their effec upon the roadway the operator. is able to se adjust the spray header' so esto produce the elect indicated at 1in the diagram.

- .The binding liquid is-.denosited on-the roadway in broad stripes preferably parallel with the direction ol the readway. @ne zone ol.2 roadway having been covered another zone parallel therewith and adjoining it must be covered. lt is practically impossible to drive a truck solaccurately as te cause the second stripe of binder absolutely touneet theedge of the stripe or zone already formed. Hence the spray header C is made adjustable lat rally' as described. The operator referred to, on the rear of the vehicle, Watching the spray cones and the surface covered' by. them, may, by rotating` the hand Wheel 72, move the spray header C to the :right or le'ftxand cause thestripe otbiuderbeing deposited to' match with the previously deposited stripe. The length ot pinion lll is sul'licient to keep it in mesh with therack X during the up and doyvn movement of the latter.

. ln operation ther apparatus will be driven to the source oilsupply el hot binder; The truck will. be driven alongsidethe source of supply. either side, as may be more convenient` beingprcsented to the supply ve A pump hose attached to a pump lor transferring the 'material Yfrom the supply vessel to the tank A will be coupled to the end olit pipe E201' E2, as the case may be. the vvalve. E opened and also the appropriate valve on pipe E2 er Ff", the valve Z being closed. the binderinaterial is pumped into tank A air will be displaced and forced out through vent G operating the Whistle H. lVhen the tank is filled the liquid level controlledgfloat l will close the vent and the Whistlek cease tosound, thus informing` the person in {cont-rol that the tank has been lilled, and that the-valve E must be closed and the pump stopped. n

The truck will then be driven to the place Where thebinding material is to be applied. rlhe air compressor will be` started in opera tion with the valves N2 and N3 opened, valve Z3. open and valve Z4 closed, and the Atl the spray head is shewnnt truck started over the zone of the roadV to be covered with binder material. The operator on the rear will open valve Z4, adjust the height or the spray header C to the proper elevation and, Yby manipulation of the wheel l will endeavor to keep the Vspray header following an even path, or

depositing the binder in a stripe that leaves no uncoif'ci'ed streaks between it and a previously made stripe ot' binder. The automatic adjusting devices maintain the'spray header at the height above the surface at which the operator has set it by manipulation of the wheels T2.

The said pipe connections between header C and tank permit the header C to be raised and lowered or moved transversely to the right Aor lett. The movement of the header C to thev right or left will cause the T-coupling C to describe an arc thereby varying the distance between t-he center of said coupling and the center of the pipe Z2 at its connection with the tank A measured on a rightline normal to-said header be-` tween said points. rIhe up and down adjustments or said header will also vary the distance between said points. Adjusting mechanism for moving the header inthe described directions is mounted'on a support slidable ore'and aft to compensate for the described changes of position.

Having described my invention in such manner as to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the same what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In combination, a truck carrying a tank yieldingly mounted relative to the wheels of said truck, a sprayer connected with said tank, and automatic means 'for positioning said sprayer as the said tank rises orfalls.

2. In apparatus ot' the class described, a spring supported frame, a tank mounted on said frame, a sprayer, a pipe connection between said tank and sprayer, said pipe connection being constructed to permit of relative up and down movement between said tank and sprayer, and means responsive to the up and down movements of the tank tor imparting opposite movement to the sprayer.

3. In apparatus or' the class described, a vehicle ruiming gear comprising a supporting member, a 'iframe yieldingly supported thereby, a tank mounted on said frame, a sprayer, a pipe connection between said tank and sprayer, said pipe connection being constructed to permit of relative up and down movement between said tank and sprayer, a transmission train extending from the supporting member of the running gear to the sprayer, and connections between the yieldingly supported trame and said transmission train Jfor convertingV the upward or v downward movementV oi the tra-me into an opposite movement of the sprayer.

vand down movement between said tank and sprayer, a transmission train extending from the supporting member of the running gear to the sprayer, said transmission train 'comprising compound levers fulcriiined respectively on the supporting inember'ot the running gear and on the yieldingly supported frame, and a connection between the lever tulcrumed on said supporting member and the yieldingly supported frame.

5. In apparat-us of the class described, a

vehicle comprising a frame, a tank supported thereby, a sprayer, a conduit consisting. of piping or" rigid material connecting the tank with the sprayer, said conduit comprising a section having a hinged joint at Yeach end, support-ing means rigid with the trame above the sprayer, upright guiding means freely movable horizont-ally on said supporting means, a sprayerv supporting` means adapted to moveup or'down in said upright guidingl means, sustaining connections between said sprayer supporting meansi and the sprayer, and means whereby said sprayer supporting means may be movedup or down.

6. In apparatus of the class described, a vehicle comprising a frame, a tank supported thereby, a sprayer, a conduit consisting of piping of rigid material connecting the tank and sprayer, said conduit comprising a section having a hinged joint at each end, supporting means rigid with the fra-me abo-ve the sprayer, guiding means movable hori- Zontally on said supporting means, a sprayer support-ing bar slidable endwise through said guiding means, sustaining connections between the slidable bar and said sprayer, and means whereby said sprayer supporting bar V may be moved endwise.

7. In apparatus of the class described, a vehicle comprising a trame, a tank supported thereby, a sprayer, a conduit connecting the sprayer and the tank, said conduit coinprising a rigid pipe section having a kuniversal joint at each end, supporting means rigid with the frame above the sprayer, upright guiding means on said supporting means, a slide box guided by said upright guiding means and adapted to move up or down, va sprayer supporting bar movable endwise in said slide boX, sustaining connections between the sprayer and said bar, and means whereby said sprayer supporting bar may be moved endwise and' up and down.

8. In apparatus of the class described, a vehicle comprising a-rframe, a tank supported thereby, a sprayer, a conduit connecting iic ylO

- ing twospaced apart iexible joints, support- Y -ing means rigid with the trame above the the sprayer with the tank, saidvconduit havsprayer, vupright guiding means movable horizontally on said supporting means, a guide member adapted to move up and down on said upright guiding means, a slide box movable up `and down in said 'guide member, sustaining connections between said slide box and sprayer, hand operated means tor i adjusting the slide box with respect to said guidemember and automatic means for adjusting the position of the guide member.

9. Inapparatus of' the classdescribed, a vehicle running gear comprising a support- 'ing-me1nber, a `frame yieldably lsupported lboxesfwith respect to said guide members and for moving said bar endwise, and means responsive to the up and down movement of the frame for moving said guide members up and down in opposite directions.

l0. In apparatus of the class described, a motor vehicle, a tank and spraying apparatus carried thereby, an air compressor adapted to create air pressure within said tank, va transmission train for driving the vehicle, comprising speed varying mechanism,r and driving connections from said vtransmission train to said air compressor,

said driving connections extending from the driving'train at a point between the speed varying mechanism and the motor.

l1. In apparatus of the class described, a motor vehicle, a tank and spray-ing apparatus carried thereby, an air 4compressor .adapted to force vcompressed air into the tank,` a pressure regulator adapted to main- `tain a constant even pressure in said tank,

a motor and transmission train for driving 4thewehicle, 'a speed regulating mechanism iin said train, and ldriving connections from said train to the air compressor at a point 1 between the speed regulating mechanism and the iuotor.

:in testimony whereof I alix my signature.

JAMES M. STOCKER.