US1400675A - Process of dyeing yarns and the like - Google Patents

Description

1. A. GRUN'DY. PROCESS 0F DYEING YARNS` AND TH LIKE.

APPLICATION' FVILED AUG.1I,1921.

Lw l Patented M20, w21.,

I IO zo JAMES A. GRUNDY, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR `T0 JOHN.

BROMLEY c SONS, INCORPORATED, CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A

PROCESS OF DYEING YARNS AND THE LIKE.

il,etOO,675'.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented DQBC. 2Q, 1921.

Application led August 11, 1921. Serial No. 491,343.

and the like and Apparatus Thereof, of`

which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart hereof.

My invention relates to the process or method of dyeing yarns and the like, and is inclusive of improvements in apparatus designed for ycarrying out the same and for the production of the best effects therefrom.

The successful dyeing of yarns requires not only a uniform' color but a uniform shade of color, throughout the skein and throughout the series of skeins suspended in the dye vat at each operation. The rst impregnation of the yarn by the dye (when the yarn carrying frame is lowered into the dye vat) imparts to it, initially, the shade effect of the color used, which operates to control the ultimate shade effect' produced by the complete dyeing operation which, for most yarns and most colors, is about a. half hour. If the color impregnation is not unif`rm throughout the skein, which can be e ect-ed only by a uniform density throughout, of the dye liquor, not only initially but maintained during the exposure of the oods therein, the ultimate effect is a lack of uniformity of shade of color, and is v irremediable. These defects are common in most, if not all, present dyeing methods.

My invention'consists, primarily, in the discovery, after repeated practical tests, hat the expansive force of. compressed air, of approximately the minimum degree of compression and appropriately applied, as hereinafter stated, will be effective to overcome these defects, by so thoroughly mixing, by agitation, the dye liquor, after heating it, as to produce a uniform density of it and then to produce a rapid and effective circulation of it to maintain such uniformity during the dyeing operation.

My invention also includes an improved machine for effectively carrying out this process, such a machine comprising a tank provided with oppositely-disposed partition walls arranged to form an interior centrallydisposed vat with chamber spaces at opposite ends, a perforated base therefor supported by said partition walls, and in spaced relation to the base of the tank, a system of valve-controlled piping for compressed air having perforated sections arranged within the chambers formed between the spaced walls of said vat and tank, and a valve controlled system of steam pipe arranged within the tank and adapted to preliminarily heat the liquor therein.

The dye liquor commonly used is a solution in water 0f dye material, which is ordinarily difficult to dissolve and rarely is completely dissolved and then only under the action of a high temperature, approximately 2120 F., plus thorough agitation, followed by continuous circulation of the dye liquor to overcome a tendency to sedimentation, and hence to produce initially and to maintain thereafter a uniform density of the Idye liquor during the dyeing operation.

An agitation of the liquor or any upward current imparted to it, by steam or by air at atmospheric pressure admitted to the liquor in the tank, will not be sufficient nor effective for the purpose stated, as I have repeatedly demonstrated by practical tests in the factory dye house; but when compressed air of a pressure varying from 20 lbs. as a minimum up to approximately 30 lbs. to the square inch above normal or atmospheric pressure (depending upon the size of the tank and consequent volume of dye liquor to be acted on) is appropriately admitted to and released within the whole body of dye liquor in the tank, immediately preceding the lowering of the yarn carrier into the liquor, the expansive effect of the released compressed air will be practically effective to thoroughly agitate the solution and pro! duce a; uniform density of it, driving it to every part of the skein and'series of skeins, and effecting a first and governing color or \shade impregnation uniform throughout the skein, but this uniformity of density of the liquor must be maintained by thecontinued admission of compressed air from suitable perforated pipes at each chambered end of the tank, discharging upwardly, and causing a rapid circulation of the dye-liquor from each end of the tank toward the center and over, into and downward through the perforated base of the dye vat, and completing the initial setting of the shade or out my process to the best advantage, Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine, with a part color. This use ofpcompressed air, so applied, and this stated result of its use, are

new and of my invention, and practicallyl successful. l

In the accompanying drawings, wherein is illustrated a machine constructed to carry of the perforated base plate of the interior vat broken away to show the piping systems arranged below and adjacent to the same.

-Fig, 2 is a longitudinal section thereof, and Fig. 3 is a transverse section lookingrto .'the left in Figs. 1 and 2.

Referring now to said drawings, the tank or container is preferably constructed of a widthapproximately one third of its length, and varies from six feet to double that, in length. It is shown rectangular in form, composed ofslong side walls and relatively narrow end walls and base, all indicated by the numeral 10. Within the tank and near each end are provided oppositely-disposed lpartition walls, 13, 13, which are less in height than that of the side and end walls of the container, andv these partition walls support a closing base plate 11, which is perforated throughout, as at 11a; this construction forming an interior vat which is in spaced relation to the tank at both ends and at base and thereby providing a chamlber immediately below the perforated base plate`of the vat, for the reception of the piping systems hereinafter described, and also chambers 14 and 15 at each end for the reception of other members of said piping system. `f

The open top of the machine is closed only when it is in operation, by anysuitable lid or cover which necessarily leaves a circulatory passage from the tank to the vat over the relatively lower top edge of each of the Y TheA circulation can be from each end succespartition walls forming the latter.

sively. y

'Means to preliminarily heat the liquor to the requisite temperature, consist ofa main supply steam pipe 30, controlled by valve 31, i

and connected by a manifold 32 with a series of perforated pipes, 33 arranged parallel with and close to the base' of the tank and bellow the perforated base wall of the inner va v Means to supply compressed air consistof a system comprising-main supplypipe 40, controlled by valve 41, connected witha section comprising a series of horizontally disposed, perforated pipes 42, shown ar# ranged just above steam pipes 33 ,Vand below the perforated base w'all of the vat and extend across the width of the tank. Means shown as pipe 44 governed by a valve 45,A

connectsthe main air supply pipe/10 with a 4lair ofperfprated Pipes 46 .and allocated within and near the base of the chambers 44 llint from the yarns will tend to clog perforated air pipes, and to overcome this I and 15 respectively. Pipe 46 is connected with pipe 48, controlled by valve 49,y and pipe 50 is connected with pipe 52 controlled Y by valve 53.

After the first application of compressed air throu h perforated pipes 42, upwardly through t e perforated base of the vat, it is equally important to then set up acirculation of the liquid, this being effected by open'fn the valves which govern the perfo-` rated pipe 46 which discharges into compartment 14, drivingthe liquor upward and over the adjacent end wall of the vat and toward the center thereof and thence downward through the perforated base wall of the vat. .A reversal of the direction of circulation may then be effected by closing valve 45 and opening the valve 53 and discharging compressed air through the perforated pipe 50 and through the compartment 15 at the opposite end of the machine. Sometimes tlie t e supply@ a by-pass 60 and valve 61 whereby vthe steam system can be temporarily connected up withg the air supply system and, by manipulating the approximate valves, the air pipes can be cleaned of obstructions by blowing steam through them.'

The essentials -n the construction and operation' of a dyeingv inachine, as distinguished from a washing machine, are vthat the water in the tank must be brought to a high temperature, approximately boiling, be-

lfore the dye stuff is thrown into it, otherwise it will not dissolve, nor will anything short of a thorough agitation of the liquor produce an approximately complete solution,

nor will even that be sufficient to prevent sedimentation and consequent variations in density, unless the whole body' of dye liquor iskept in constant circulation. Attempts have frequently been made to dispense with paddles and other mechanical means to produce agitation and circulation and to sub `stitute vsteam for that purpose, blown ythe liquor produces a mere stirring up of the saine and in no sense an agitation nor a true circulation effective to produce and maintain a complete solution, of even density throughout, more especially where 'the use of mere jets of normal air without a previous steam heating of the liquor is relied upon.

iso

Having thus described my invention, l claim:

1. The process of dyeing yarns and the like which consists in supporting them in a suitable container of dyeing liquor which has been previously heated to a temperature of approximately 212O F., and then effecting simultaneously a uniform density of the dye liquor and a discharge of the same in the region of the suspended yarns, by utilization of the expansive and propulsive forces of compressed air at a minimum pressure of approximately 20 lbs. to the square inch above normal or atmospheric pressure, delivered Within the body of dye liquor by means o suitably arranged piping.

2. The process of dyeing yarns and the like which consists in preparing a dyeing solution, in a suitable container, then heating the same to approximately 212o F. and thenl effecting a uniform density of the liquor and a rapid circulation ofthe same in the region of the yarns supported in said container, by

the admission to the dye liquor of com- Y pressed air at a minimum vpressure of approximately 20 lbs. to the square inch above normal or atmospheric pressure, delivered to the dye liquor through suitably arranged piping.

T. M. TUNIS.

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