US1400211A - Apparatus for offense or defense against submerged or partially submerged obstructions - Google Patents

Description

C. D. BURNEY.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0H PARTIALLY SUBMEBGED OBSTRUCTIONS. APPLICATION min SEPT- I8, 1911.

1,400,21 1, Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

II SHEETS-SHEET I.

fmvnfor- T C. D. BURNEY.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0R PARTIALLY SUBMEBGED OBSTRUCTIONS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-18, l9l1- A Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

H SHEETS-SHEET 2.

r I n vemfor.

C. D. BURNEY.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE OR DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0R PARTIALLY SUBMERGED OBSTRUCTIONS APPLICATION FILED SEPT- I8. 1911.

1,400,21 1, Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

H SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Fae. l8.

35 3 II x C. D. BURNEY. APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST S'UBMERGED on PARTIALLY SUBMEBGED oasmucnons. APPLICATHHI FILED SEPT. HI, l9"- 1 ,400,21 1 Patented D00. 13, 1921.

I1 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

FIG. 2|.

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C. D. BURNEY. APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0R PARTIALLY EBGED Q STRUCTIONSI APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I8. IQIT. ,4 1 Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

H SHEETS-SIIEET 5.

:pIIIi lIW/l/l/l/ 11/ I WI! I Hi -45%! Inm ntor.

C. D. BURNEY. APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0R PARTIALLY SUBMERGED OBSTRUCTIONS. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18, 1911.

1,400,21 1', Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

I? SHEETS-SHEET 6,

.AnPAimus ma OFFENSE on DEFENSE AGA Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

H SHTS-SHEET 1- FIG. 29. E

C. D. BURNEY.

INST SUBMEHGED 0R PARTIALL APPLICATION FILEDVSEPT. I8, 1911.

lgg. I88 I I86 I82. 7 44 Y SUBMERGED OBSTHUCTIONS.

C. D. BURNEY. NST SUBMERGED 0R PARTIALLY SUBME RGED OBSTRUCTIONS.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGM APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I8, l9! 7- Patented D00; 13, 1921.

II SHEETS-SEEN 8- C. D. BURNEY. APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0R PARTIALLY SUBMEHGED OBSTRUCTIONS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 8,-1917- 1 1,400,21 1. Patented Dev. 13, 1921.

I? SHEETS-SHEET 9.

Inventor Fle.as.

C. D. BURNEY. MPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0R PARTIALLY SUBMERGED APPLICATION FILED SEN. IH. 191?.

1,400,211. Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

I? SHEETS-SHEET I0.

FIG 42.

o e a 141.

OBSTRUQTIONS.

C. D. BURNEY. APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMEBGED 0R PARTIALLY SUBMEHGED OBSTRU CTIONS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18, NH?- Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

H SHEETS-SHEET II.

FIG. 43.

J L T -l Inventor.

APPLICATION HLED SEPT- IB, I9Il- 1,400,21 1; Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

I7 SHEETS-SHEET l2.

Fl .45.- I

lam r1 W @Q I i i;-

C. D. BURNEY. APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUEMERGED 0R PARTIA APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18, I9!!- 1,400,21 1 Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

I? SHEETS-SHEET I 3- LLY SUBMERGED UBSTRUCTIONS.

C. D.BURNEY.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED 0R PARTIALL Y SUBMERGED OBSTRUCTIONS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18, Hill.

Patented Dqe. 13, 1921.

IT SHEETS-SHEET l4- FIG. 54-.

Inventor.

Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

n sumsfsuicr 1s FIG-55.

Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

17 SHEETS-SHEET 16- C. D. BURNEY.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE 0R DEFENSE AGAINST SUBMERGED OR PARTIALLY SUBMER APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18. 191'.

GED DESTRUOTIONS- Patented 1m 13, 1921.

In I] SHEETS-SHEET J1- Hi a I n'ventar.

CHARLES DENNIS TON BURNEY, 0F ALRESFORD, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR OFFENSE OR DEFENSE AGAINST SUBllLERG-ED OR PARTIALLY SUB- MERGED OBSTRUCTIONS.

Application filed September 18, 1917. Serial Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 13, 1921. No. 192,018.

(GRANTED UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF THE ACT OF MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT. L, 1318.)

To all whom it may Concern.

Be it known that I, CHARLES DENNISTON BURNEY. a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Dean Holme, Kilmeston, Alresford, in the county of Hants, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Oflense or Defense Against Submer ed or Partially Submerged Obstructions, for which I have tiled application for Letters Patent of (treat Britain June first, 1915, Patent No. 8,117,) of which the following is a specitication.

Hitherto various devices have been suggested or employed for use against submarine vessels or mines. For attacking submerged submarines charged bodies sweeps have been towed from the attacking vessels, the charges being fired when the body or towing cable of the same is in contact with the submarine, or the charge is thought to be in the vicinity of the same. The results obtained from the use of such sweeps, however, have not been so successful as is desirable. For protecting ships against mines. various forms of water kites have been employed but the protection so afforded has not been altogether satisfactory.

My invention relates to apparatus for use as a weapon of offense or defense against submerged or partly submerged vessels, or obstructions such as submarine mines, and has for its object the provision of a new or improved form of apparatus which fulfils in a more efiicient manner the requirements which have now arisen with the latest developments of naval warfare.

My invention consists in an apparatus so constructed that when towed from a point which may be above, below, or on the surface of a fluid, or when moored in a fluid having a translational movement, the apparatus will, as a whole. take a predetermined angle from the vertical, and will keep such predetermined angle at all speeds of the apparatus and fluid relatively to each other within predetermined limits.

MY invention further consists in providing such an apparatus with means whereby it cah be used to damage or destroy submerged or partly submerged vessels or obstructions.

My invention further consists ing such an larly for use in tide-ways.

My invention further consists in modifying or adapting such an apparatus so as to be applicable as a mine-sweeping device for ships whereby mines in the path of the ship are swept aside and are prevented from making contact with the hull of the ship which would cause the explosion of the the mine-sweeping apparatus being provided or not as desired with means ment with the mine, and being carried along by the apparatus, with means for keeping the point of attachment of any towing member away from the hull at a desired distance which is particularly desirable in members at the bow.

lily invention further consists in an apparatus which will tow out from the fore and aft line of a ship and which may be combined with an apparatus as referred to above whereby the latter apparatus is made to travel at a greater horizontal distance away from the fore and aft line of the towing vessel, or may be used to support a suitable protecting means against torpedo attack.

My invention further consists in a sweeping device for use against submarines, and which can be supplied as a self-contained unit or units to ships thereby to form a permanent or temporary addition to their armament.

My invention further consists of a sys tem of firing for use with towed charges whereby the charge can be fired in any one of three ways: (1) Automatically by direct impact upon a resisting object such as a submerged submarine: (2) automatically by the tension in the towing cable or like member exceeding a predetermined amount, due to an obstruction to the passage of the towed charge being met with; (3) at any moment the charge is in the water at the will of the control officer.

My invention further consists in an improved form of dynamometer firing gear for use with towed charges.

My invention further consists in an improved means for insuring that the detonators for high explosives commonly used in submarine weapons are automatically inserted in the firing position on the weapon entering the water, but which when the weapon is leaving the water eifects the displacement of the detonators from the firing position.

My invention further consists in an improved depth recorder for use in towed charges.

My invention further consists in a winch specially suited for use with towed charges.

My invention further consists in an improved construction of dropping-davit which is applicable generally for lowering or raisin charged bodies.

i y invention further consists in the details of construction and in the arrangement and operation of the parts hereinafter described.

Before describing the constructional details of the apparatus embodying my invention, certain basic principles underlying and governing such apparatus will now he die cussed with reference to Figures 1 to 13 of the accompanying drawings in which :-Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the forces brought into operation when a body according to this invention is towed by a vessel.

Fig. 2 is a view illustrating how, with a given towing wire, the depth at which the body travels depends upon the construction and arrangement of the body.

Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate bodies with depressinr planes but with the parts symmetricadly and asymmetrically arranged.

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate how with bodies as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the buoyancy couple of the body may be considered as a weight below the axis of the body.

Flgs. 7, 9 and 10 illustrate bodies with the weights of the shaded parts arranged in dilferent ways.

Figs. 8 and 11 illustrate bodies with an asymmetrical plane, and a light tail respectively.

Fig. 12 illustrates a towed body provided with a plane with the point of tow not passing through the center of pressure of the plane, and

Fig. 13 illustrates the forces called into play when towing a body provided with planes, and adapted to run on the surface of the water.

Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic view looking toward the stern of the vessel fitted with a stern and beam apparatus applicable for sweeping for submarines.

Fig. 15 is a birdseye view of the same; Fig. 16 is a similar View to Fig. 15 but on a larger scale showing the use of the stern sweep only, and the position of the winches and the dropping davits with the charged torpedo held therein. The above three figures are for illustration purposes only and are not for showing any constructional details.

Figs. 17 and 17 show the general arrangement of a charged torpedo according to my invention.

Fig. 18 shows on a larger scale the head of the charged torpedo laid open, and certain features in detail.

Figs. 19 and 20 are respectively part section and plan views showing the method of carrying and ballasting the depressing plane.

Figs. 21 and 22 are part sectional elevation and plan of the body and tail of the charge torpedo.

Figs. 23 and 24; are sectional elevation and plan views of the depth indicating ap paratus for towed bodies.

Figs. 25 and 26 are front and side eleva tion of the'bonnet of the charged torpedo, and part of the firing gear.

Figs. 27 and 28 are the side and front elevation of the detonator withdrawing and inserting gear.

Fig. 29 is a horizontal section of a casing for the detonators adapted to keep the primer or like explosive watertight.

Fig. 30 is a plan view of a spare detonator carrier in a suitable box.

Fig. 31 is a view showing the general arrangement of the winch, according to my invention.

Figs. 32 and 33, are views showing the details of a pawl disengaging gear for the winch.

Fig. 34 is an elevation of the dynamometer gear carried by the winch.

Figs. 35, 36 and 37 are views of an indi cator gear to register veered from the winch.

Fig. 38 is an elevation showing the general arrangement of the dropping davit according to my invention.

Figs. 39, 40 and 41 are detailed views of: the dropping gear for the davit, such details being employed in naval service davits for torpedoes, and forming no part of this invention.

Fig. i2 is a diagrammatic view of the firing switchboard. mounted in a convenient part of the ship such as the forebridge.

Fig. 43 is an elevation of the interior of a push for an ammeter.

Fig. 4.4 is a top plan view thereof with the cover removed.

Figs. 45 and 46 the amount of wire are side elevation and and 51 are side and front elevadynamometer switch.

and 53 are two views at right the arrangement of the Figs. 57, 58 and 59 are respectively front and end elevations and plan view of the form of surface torpedo according to my invention.

Figs. 60 and 61 are front and end elevations of another form of surface torpedo.

Figs. 62 and 63 are diagrammatic views ilustrating the use of my invention for mine protection or mine sweeping.

Figs. 64 and 65 are plan and part vertical section of one form of body used for this purpose.

Figs. 66 and 67 are end elevations looking toward the nose and tail of this tor pedo respectively.

In order that an apparatus should fulfil efficiently practical requirements it is essential that it should keep at a constant depth for any variation of speed and alteration of course these requirements not being met with in the forms of sweeps and kites hitherto employed or suggested.

In all towed bodies provided with hydroor like surfaces, the depth which the body wi ll reach depends upon the depressing power of. the plane on the one hand, and on the total drag or resistance to movement in the direction of motion on the other hand.

Consider the case of a body provided with a depressing plane and towed from a ship so that the direction of motion is along the line P Fig. l which is parallel to the fore and aft line of the ship and vertically beneath it. he resultant dynamic reaction on the depressing plane is say in the direction shown by the arrow A. is reaction can be resolved into two components B and C re sncttivel x at right angles to the line UP and along or parallel to the line 0P. Th 7 also the resistance or drag D of the body to movement in the direction OP. U for the time being the effect of a towing member. the force parallel to the direction of motion is (7+1). he forces at right angles to and along the direction of motion are known respectively as lift and drag or drift. it being observed that with a de pressing plane the lift is in a negative or downward direction.

le therefore the and the angle In the above exam lift/drift ratio will be C+D which the towing member will take up relativel to the body when in a position ibrium will depend upon this lift/drift ratio alone.

Considering now the force on the towing member due to its movement through the water and tion for this section will of equi two respectively at right of motion and along G and H be the resultants of these two sets of components for the whole length of the towing member. The total lift will therefore be the algebraic sum of the forces B-l-G and the total drift will be the algeraic sum of the forces C+D+H. In this B G case the lift/drift ratio will be 0 D +H the angle of the towing member to the body will depend upon this ratio.

It will be evident that the value of the lift/drift ratio of the body as a whole and consequently the angle of the towing member to the body depends upon two sets of quantities, each set capable of varying independently.

Therefore, with any given towing her the lift/drift ratio and the angle referred depend upon the const parts and weights of while, with a given body the lift/drift ratio will depend upon the dimensions of the towing member. With a given towing member the angle will be a maximum when the lift/drift ratio has a. maximum value, so that the maximum depth to which a bod or tend to run when towed under pend upon the maximum value of this lift/drift ratio.

The lift/drift ratio is governed chiefly by e characteristics of the body as a whole. The lift/drift ratio will depend upon its such as length of t hord of the contour of the cidence. It is obvious that length of the plane to the-length of the chord of the transverse section which known as the aspect ratio, will largely govcm the efiiciency of the plane, and there is always a maximum practical value of this aspect ratio governed by considerations of weight and strength.

The drift of a it is of a. stream-line form such as torpedo shaped.

the lift/drift It is therefore clear that ratio of the body has its practical maximum value when it is constructed of stream-line

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