US1398718A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

J. GODER.

INCINERATOR. APPLICWTION FILED DEC-13,1911. 1,398,718. j Patented Nov. 29, 1921.

I 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1- if goo aw J. GOD'ER'.

INCINERATOR.

APPLICATION FILED-DEC. l3I I917.

1,398,718. Patented Nov. 29, 1921..

4 SHEETS SHEET 2.

J. GODER.

INCINERATOR.

v 7 APPLICATION man DEC. 13. 1912. 1,398,718. I Patented Nov. 29, 1921.

(SHEETS-SHEET}.

I \(en-l'orl 4 A 12 6/; gm/e'K "id/277E265 J. GODER,

INCINERATOR'.

APPLICATION FILED DEVC. I3, 191k 1,398,718. Patented Nov. 29, 1921.

, 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

4.1 a v A0 l'nven I I v flue 6 g pe er zen of Germany, residin 5 9531 311 GUDEIE, EHIEAGQ, KLLIEQIS.

v KN-GINEBAEQIR.

Specification of Letters intent.

recollection filed December 353, 1917. Saris! No, 208,870.

To all whom it may concern: 7 7

Be it known that l, Josnrri Goons, citist @hicego, lilinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in an lncinercitor; and I do hereby declare the following to be it full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it cpperteins to make and use the some.

My inventiourelstes to incinerators for garbage end other refuse matter, its general objects being to provide a compact, coniperstively inex ensive and unusually effective incinerator and one which will require very little added fuel for starting and operating "the same, More particularly, my invention aims to construct on incinerator in which the garbage is preheated, end in which the distilletes from the wettest port of the garbage will pass directly to that portion of the combustion chamber which has the highest temperature; also, to provide simple means for producing c continuous T suction "from the garbage hopper to the cornbustion chamber, so as to prevent the escupe of odors from this hopper to the outer sir. Furthermore, the incinerator of my invention aims to dispose both the drying and the combustion chambers over the some rosin grate, end to avoid the tortuous path into Which the combustion products rising from the materiel on the grate are forced When a bridge is used in the incinerator after the manner of constniction' heretofore in use, so as to provide a short and direct passage for the products of combustion and to permit the successful operation Without the use of a forced draft; also, to provide simple and effective means for supplying for the combustion of the solid refuse matter on the grate Without first passing this sir through the fuel grate, whereby I prevent it cooling of the tire by the excess of air. Moreover, my invention aims to provide ports connecting. the distillation chamber vsith the combustion chamber, so that the distillates may readily pass from the former to the latter chamber without being drawn under the partition separating the chainbers; to provide as combustion chemberin which the highest-temperature will be etteined before thegases enter the fine, time insuring complete combustion and odorless destruction; to provide simple means for adjusting the inclination of a portion of the grates so as to very the angle of slope end the consequent rate of feeding the matter on the grate; also, to provide on incinerator of the semi-producer type in which no heat absorbing surfaces are present in the furnace proper, end one having simple moons for introducing added fuel when needed. lfiurtherrnore, my inventionaims to dispose the hottest port of the combustion chambers directly sdjscent to the distilletion end refuse drying chambers so es to" utilize the heat generated in the combustion chamber both for drying end for distillation. In some of its more highly developed embodiments, my invention also aims to provide on incinerator of a multiple type, in which c, single combustion chamber serves for consuming the distillstes "from several grates, thus permitting the attainment of higher temperatures and of lower construction end-operating costs than with e single unit type; also, to provide e single I secondary combustion chamber for receiving the combustion products from the numerous grates, and to provide interconnected means for leading the vupors end distilletes from the several hoppers and distillation chembers to the secondary combustion chamber, Still further objects, together with some of the'purticulcr advantages gained by my construction will appear from thefollowing specification and from she accompanying drawings, in which drawings-s,

Fig 3 ig. 5 is a horizontal section, on it reduced scale, through the twin type incinerctor'of Figs. 3 and 4:, taken along the line 5-5 of 3. referring first to a single unit type of my incinerator, or one designed to be fed from a single hopper, Figs. 1 and 2 show'vertical sections of a desirable embodiment. In these drawings, the bulk of the wallsas Well as the roof are desirably built offirebrick, though common brick may be used for the Wall portion 1 surrounding the drying chemtill ' lation products her 2 into which the garbage or other refuse is first introduced. This drying chamber 2 desirably has a lining 3 of a suitable cement or the like, which lining prevents the moisture in the garbage from entering the pores of the brick and thereby deteriorating the latter. The chamber 2 has a movable bottom composed of a plurality of handle bars l; slidably mounted. in the walls and arranged so that they can be independently drawn out by grasping the outer ends of the bars, thus permitting any desired. portion of the contents of the hopper to be dropped upon the grates. These grates preferably are composed of two separate portions, namely a lower grate 5 disposed slightly above the rear of the ash pit and inclined upwardly toward the rear face of this pit, and a main. grate 6 inclined in the opposite direction and ex.- tending from the entrance way of a door 7 downwardly at an incline to a point overhan "ing the forward end of the lower grate 5. lhe main grate 6 preferably has grate bars in the form of steps disposed substantially horizontally and spaced from each other so as to present channels of considerable height, through which air may pass. This main grate is desirably so mounted that it may be adjusted somewhat as to its angle, thereby causing the efiect of gravity to vary and thus causing this material to feed with greater or less rapidity down the grate, For this adjustment, I may pivot the grate on a bar 8 extending transversely of the firebox and then rock the grate on this pivot by means of a bolt 9.,

The main grate 6 as above described preferably extends both underthe drying chamber 2 and the distillation chamber IQ which forms a substantially vertical continuation for the lower end of the drying chamber, and under a portion of the combustion chamber 11, as well as under the partition 12 which separates the combustion chamber 11 from both the hopper and the distillation chamher. The artition wall 12 is desirably carried by a tide brick arch13 disposed at some distance above the grate 6 as shown in Fig, 1. However, ll do not depend on having the distillation products of the garbage or other refuse pass under this arch when these distillates are generated within the chamber 10, otherwise the distillation would follow the easier path of escaping through the top of the hopper. Instead, I equip the partition 12 with a plurality of ports or bores 14: do sirably located at several difierent heights and desirably sloping upward from the chamber 10 to the chamber 11. By so doin l provide passages through which the disti penerated in the chamber 10 may ass direct y to the chamber 11, which chamoer is normally maintained at such a temperature as to ignitethe va ors or ,ases

issuing from the ports 14:. 0 fuel itate resents this passage of the vapors or gases from one chamber to the other, the ports it are preferably sloped upward as pictured, thereby also preventing garbage from permanently lodging in these ports.

ll also provide suitable connections such as ports 15 between the upper portion of the hopper 2 and the combustion chamber, thereby affording passages through which the vapors distilled from the least dry portion of the garbage may pass directly to the upper portion of the combustion chamber, or to the part which logically will have the highest temperature since it is disposed both above the grates and above the point of cornbustion of the distillates issuing through the ports 1d. The upper or secondary combustion chamber 11 is desirably connected by ports 16 in a checkerworlr partition 17 to a chamber 18 which forms both a third combustion chamber and the base of a due 19. This chamber 18 desirably has a door 20 through which trays containing pathogenic matter may be introduced for evaporation and. combustion. Likewise, the secondary combustion chamber 11 preferably has at its upper endv an opening normally closed by a cover 21 through which opening solid pathogenic waste or the like may be dropped directly into the chamber 11.

in operation, garbage or other refuse is fed into the drying chamber 2 through the opening normally closed by the cover 24c and,

left upon the handle bars 4: while a fire is start-ed with suitable fuel on the grates 5 and, 6, thereby warming the brick work on the incinerator and somewhat drying the contents or the chamber 2. When the fire is well started, some of the refuse in the chamber 2 is dropped upon the inclined grate by temporarily drawing out one or more of the bars a, and the amount of refuse on the inclined grate is gradually increased until it reaches the arch 13, and is heaped up somewhat as indicated by the dotted line 23. Then as the gradually drying refuse adds its uel value to that of the initial fuel on the grates, distillates are expelled from the same and issue through the ports let into the chamber 11, where they are ignited so as to consume them, whereupon the combustion products pass through the ports '16 to the flue. ln so doing, the heat of combustion also heats the partition 12 and the refuse in the drying chamber 2, driving 0d vapors which are drawn by the suction of the chimney through the ort 15 into the top of the secondary com ustion chamber 11, where they may also be ignited if of a combustible nature. To facilitate this move-' ment of the vapors from the drying chamher 2 to the combustion chamber and the chimney, l desirably arrange the cover-24 of the hopper so that it will not afford an air tight closure, but will allow some of the outer air to enter the hopper 2 and to atford a continuous current of air over the to of the refuse in the chamber 2, thereby efiectively preventing the issuing of any odors from the hopper and also supplying the necessary secondary air for final c0mbustion.

To afford the desired primary air supply, 1 preferably space the steps of the grate 6 so far apart that air entering through the asl'ipit will pass between each step and the refuse piled on the step below the latter, Then I also equip the door 7 with a suitable fiap or the like for control.- ling admission of air through the same. Consequently, I can supply air to the refuse on the main grate in three different ways, namely through the door Y and over the top of the heap of refuse, through the openings between the steps, and through the opening between the two grates one side of the incinerator l preferably provide a window or the like 25 through which the combu tion may be viewed, and if necessary, l1 adjust the gravity actuated feeding of the heap of refuse on the main grate by adjusting" the bolt and. thereby varying the inclination of the grate b, Ashes and clinkers are removed between the step and the lower or flat grate, so that when once started the incinerator may be maintained continuously in operation,

For operating on a larger scale, I desirably arrange a plurality'of hoppers and drying chambers adjacent to single secondary combustion chamber, thereby reducing the relative amount of possible radiation toward the outer air and, increasing the temperature obtainable in the secondary combustion chamber; Likewise, l desirably connect the upper ends of the drying chambers to each other, so as, to equalize the temperatures and pressures within the same. For example, Figsxiland 4.- show sections of a two-unit or twin type of incinerator in which two inclined step. grates 6 both feed down upon a single lower grate 5, and in which the secondary combustion chamber has an arched roof 26 spaced from the top 27 of the incinerator by a passage connecting the dry ing chambers 2 at opposite sides of the arch.

In this case,,,the ports 15 leading froin'the drying chambers to the secondary. combusticn chamber may slope downward through the arch as shown in Fig, 3, and the secondary combustion chamber may open intoa continuation chamber 28 arranged for receiving carcasses, pathogenic matter or thelike and connected throug-lrcheclrer work openings with the line 19. In either case, it

ation. from. the combustion chamber and di rectly connected with he latter s'othat any vapors arising from this refuse While being dried will pass directly to the hottest portion of the combustion chamber. Also, that there are no lame ports between the point'ol primary combustion at the grates and the lower end of the secondary coinl'iustion or distillation chamber. Moreover, the highest temperature is attained before the gases enter the flue, thus assuring the completeness of combustion and an entirely odorless destruction, although still ailording surplus heat which may be utilized for heating water or the like in pipes associated with the flue, such as the pipes 29 of Fig. 4;. Should additional fuel be required at any time, this may readily be introduced through the door 7, while the circulation through the passages 15 may be varied by shifting the lid 24- and thereby altering the amount of the barometric depression within the hopper due to this air draft.

in practice, l have found that by arranging my incinerators in. the manner above described I can secure a rapid and complete combustion and reduction of refuse of various kinds entirely without resorting to forced draft, and even. with a relativelyv short height of chimneys, thus adapting my incinerator for use in army camps or the like where tall chimneys are objectionable, However,- While l have pictured and (lo-- scribed my invention iii certain desirable embodiments, l do not wish to be limited to the details of the construction and. arrangement thus disclosed, it being obvious that the same might be modified in many Ways Without departing from the spirit of my invention.

1 claim as my invention:

1. in a furnace of the class described, an inclined grate, a substantially vertical distillation. chamber disposed above the upper portion of the grate, a drying chamber above the distillation chamber, a combustion chamber extending vertically alongside of both of the aforesaid chambers and dis posed above a lower portion of the grate and including a partition wall between itself and the other two chambers, said wall. extending downwardly toward the grate to coiiperate with material on. the grate in lornn ing a closure for the lower end. of the. distillation chamber, movable means for separating the drying and distillation chambers,

and separate means directly and continu- 2. lin afurnace ofthe class described, an inclined grate, a substantially vertical distillation chamber disposed above a portion ofxtheigrate, a dryin elt-amber disposed above the. distillation c ianlber, anda combustion chamber disposed above another portion of the grate and separated from oth of the aforesaid chambers by a parti= tion wall terminating at a distance above ldt the inclined grate, the said partition wall being equipped with ports leading respectively from the combustion chamber to the other two chambers.

3. A furnace as per claim 2, in, which the partition wall is equipped with a lurality of ports leading from the combustion chamber to the distillation chamber and disposed at varying heights above the grate.

4. In an incinerator, an inclined grate having steps spaced tor admitting air therebetween, a distillation chamber over one portion of the grate, a drying chamber over the distillation chamber, and a combustion chamber disposed over a lower portion of the grate and extending vertically adjacent to both of the aforesaid chambers and separately connected to both of the latter.

5. Anyincinerator as per claim 4, in combination with a second grate disposed below the lower end of the inclined grate and below the combustion chamber and spaced from the step grate to permit the free passage of air therebetween.

6. In a furnace for burning wet material, a dryin chamber, a distillation chamber below the drying chamber, a combustion chamber common to and extending alongside each of said drying and distillation chambers and extending to adjacent the top of the drying chamber so as to heat the latter, a grate for the lower end of the combustio-n chamber alined therewith, a grate for the lower end of the distillation chamber, combined feeding and separating means between the drying and distillation chambers, means to convey vapors from the drying chamber to the combustion chamber, and means to convey vapors from thedistillation chamber to the combustion chamher at points in the latter alined with the hottest. heat area therein.

7. In a furnace for burnin wet material, a dryin chamber, a distillation chamber below t e drying chamber, a combustion chamber common to and extending alongside each of said drying and distillation chambers and extending to adjacent the top of the drying chamber so as to heat the latter, a grate for the lower end of the combustion chamber alined therewith, a grate for the lower end of the distillation chamber, combined feeding and separating means between the drying and distillation chain hers, means to convey vapors fromthe drying chamber to the combustion chamber, means to convey vapors from the distillation chamber to the combustion chamber at points in the latter alined with" the hottest heat area therein, said means being horizontally movable and forming the bottom of the drying chamber and the top of the distillation chamber to support the material to be dried.

8. lln a furnace for burning wet material, a drying chamber, a distillation chamber below the drying chamber, a combustion.

chamber common to and extending alongside each of said dryingand distillation chambers and extending to adjacent the top of the drying chamber so as to heat the latter, a grate for. thelower end of the combustion chamber alined therewith, a grate for the lower end of the distillation chamber, means forming the bottom of the drying chamber and the top of the distillation chamber to support the material to be dried in a fixed plane, and means to allow of adjustment of said means to enable adjustable.

feed of the material to the distillation chamher without varying the plane of the mass of material supported.

9. In a furnace for burning wet material,

a grate, a combustion chamber, superposed I drying and distillation chambers, a vertical wall extending above the grate in spaced port, each of the ports leading into the combustion chamber.

Signed at Ghicago, December 1st, 1917.

JOSEPH,GODER.

Images