US1393419A - Cross-sectional clinometer - Google Patents

Description

J. H. ARTHUR. I CROSS -SECTIQNAL CLINOMETER. APPLICATION -F IL| ED JAN-2 7, I919.

1,393,419, Patented 001; M, 1921.

ARTHUR JOHN HENRY ARTHUR, or ADELAIDE, soU'ri-r AUSTRAL A, AUSTRALIA;

. CBDSSSECTIONAL armor/rerun.

inseam.

T all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ARTHUR JOHNI-IENRY ARTHUR, a citizen of the UOlllIl'lOIlWQElltll of I Australia, residing at Adelaide, in the State of South Australia, have invented a new and useful Cross-Sectional Glinometer, of

e provide a graduated implement wherein the various partsare so arranged as to enable field work to be accurately set out with greater ease than is at present thecase.

My invention is more particularly designed foruse in connection with railway and road work and when applied as herein after explained will enable pegs to be inserted either for cuttings or embankments with great speed and accuracy.

In order to achieve the object of my invention, I construct a verticalpillow which acts as a foundation for the instrument and upon which I mount a vertical slide block above which there is a horizontal sliding bed for supporting a batter rod. I also provide a telescope mounted upon an axis and designed to operate in conjunction with a graduated quadrant, the end of the telescope being fitted with a graduated extension, and a level and reflectors being insertedin the structure to enable the bubble of the level to be easily seen. These several parts are adjusted and clamped and enable the necessary positions of the pegs for a cutting or a filling to be easily ascertained. In order that my invention may be more clearly understood, I will now proceed to describe the same by aid of the accompanying illustrative drawings wherein,

Figure 1 is a front elevation of the instrument.

Fig. 2 is a rear View of same. Fig. 3 shows interlocking members for foundation block.

Figs. 4: and 5 illustrate method of mounting the level. i

Fig. 6 1s a diagram to illustrate the method of plotting a cross section.

Fig. 7 is another diagram illustrating the operation of the device for obtaining the cubic contents of a cut or. fill.

In each of the illustrations similar letters.

of reference are used to denote similar or corresponding parts wherever they occur.

In the drawings, a is a vertical pillar the bottom portion of which is slotted or Specification of Letters Patent. Patented (M311 11, 1921,

Application filed. January 27, 1919. Serial N0. 273,414.

I rant j, the graduations of the quadrant being from zero degrees to zenith and from zero degrees to nadir, the straight edges being formed at an angle of forty five degrees from the axis point f when the telescope is set as a true horizon thus representing the limits of a quadrant of ninety degrees, and to enable the telescope to be so set, I provide therein a level 72, and in order that the level may be easily watched I provide mirrors or reflectors at Z, mounted on the innerside of the left hand side of the casing and set at suitable angles as illustrated.

The level which is mounted on the vertical cylinder is inside the sighting tube and its bubble can be viewed without the aid of the'mirrors when the tube is at an inclina t1on of a few degrees either side of zero and simultaneously with a staff in the field.

The sight or aperture of the telescope issituated at m, and on the opposite end, the instrument extends rearwardly with a graduated extension rod n, the graduated edge of which is in alinement with the axis 7, the center point of which is zero. At right angles to the vertical pillar and beneath the telescope, but also extending behind the telescope, I arrange a projecting plate which constitutes a horizontal sliding bed or rest 0 capable of lateral adjustment upon the sired angle it can be, clamped on to the aforesaid quadrant, -An extension 25 on the horizontal bed. is also graduated, the zero line for the graduations of the extension beingin alinement with the. vertical center line of the pillar. The divisions of all the graduations are equally spaced and are divided oil to a fineness sutticient to enable them to be read with the naked eye. The space between the zero of the rod or extension of the horizontal bed and a vertical alinement or vertical plane of the axis of the ed is equivalent to one-half of the width of the road in the case of the cutting of an embankment.

The operation of my invention is as follows: The levels of the line of road or railay having been set out with center pegs, the vertical pillar is set up above the center line of the track'either resting'upon the groundor. upon a portable staff of known height to which it may be clamped if so de sired or the operator may hold the instru ment in his hand. The vertical slide block 0 is elevated or depressed to any convenient position and the height is read on the vertical graduated scale.

One of the functions of the instrument is i .to. ascertain within a few minutes the exact 'servations from over or between angle otsurface slope is ascertained.

position of the top of the batters of cuttings or the toes of fillings before earthworks are proceeded with. thus doing away with a lot of-contour drafting.

According to the nature of the soil the batter of an earthwork may require a slope of any ratio between two to one and onefourth to one and the operator sets the bat-' ter rod to the slope which in his judgment and experience he considers most suitable.

The batter rod is now clamped to the batter quadrant at an angle corresponding to the required slope according to the nature of the soil. The slide or block- 0 is next adjusted vertically from zero to the value in depth of earthwork, corresponding to the center level peg. Thesight is next taken through the telescope to a mark corresponding in height from the ground to the height of the axis pin f: hen this has been done thejoperator read-s off the graduation on the telescope extension at the point where 7 it intersects the graduated batter rod which gives the distance for that angle. The field peg'isjtheninserted at theposition so located, .and at the same time the length of batter maybe read off and recorded in the field book. as well as the length recorded on the extension rod.

The sight may be taken from any point on the formationprovided the distance from the pointto the edge of the formation is adjusted on the sliding bed. It is, however, usual in railway and road work to take obpegs placed on thecenter line. The staff (not a graduated one) as described is held at nearly the distance required and by its aid the true Then the distance from that angle is read off the graduated telescope extension and measured off provided theground slope remains the same at the new distance. In fact the actual ground measurements must be the same as those found in the instrument.

These operations are completed in aboutas many seconds of time as it takes minutes by the present method of dummy level and theodolite and popwith stall and tedious calculations are avoided and the chances of error are in consequence reduced to a minimum. The device saves an immense amount of drawing material and labor for. having accurate values of cross-sections, the cubic contents may be arrived at almost immediately by adding two consecutive sections, multiplying by the distance between them and halving the result.

Referring to Fig. '7, if the surface is a bit irregular by keeping the telescope clamped at the slope p p the depth or height of a? can be measured and the distance from p and then the contents calculated on the spot may be applied to the contents of the regular quadrilaterals or For a filling when the angle of surface slope has been ascertained, the same angle is set on the opposite side of the zero, that is the angle of declivity becomes one of acclivity and vice versa before the length of slope required may be read off. The instrument may be turned upside down as the level claimed is shaped to allow of the bubble coming to zero in both positions. An embankment may be likened to a cutting upside down. Instead of reversing either the instrument or the earthwork. reverse the angle and the same object is attained.

If the cross sections are to be plotted the verti al readings should also be recorded in the field book for which purpose it is only necessary that the telescope extension be placed at right angles to the batter rod to obtain the readings.

Referring now to the graduations on the extension of the horizontal bed. it will be observed that the zero point or graduation does not correspond vertically with the axis f. The space between the zero of the rod and the vertical alineinent with the axis is equivalent. to one half of the width of the road in the case of a cutting or an embankment.

In the illustration I have allowed for a standard road of six feet in width, but for wider roads the extension must be adjusted by lateral movement to suit the extra width.

Referring now to Fig. 6 of the drawings I have illustrated by diagram the relative functions of the working parts of my instrument. In the diagram the line a corresponds to the telescope extension and repre sents the natural surface of the earth and the line (4 corresponds to the vertical pillar. The distance from the sliding horizontal 0 to the axis 7' represents the value of the center line level peg. The graduated batter rod Q is set according topractice as previously described. The horizontal distance from the intersection of the vertical line to the axis of the batter rod represents half the width of the formation level and the dotted line n represents the telescope extension when placed at right angles to the batter rod.

The formula for calculation of areas for plotting sections may be stated as follows Multiply half formation width by depth given (on vertical pillar, 2'. a, from f to 0) and add the result to the length of batter multiplied by the perpendicular of the tele scope extension (from axis to intersection of batter rod) and divide by two. This operation being repeated on the other side of the center peg and the totals added together will give the contents of the whole crosssectlon.

The instrument which I have described in the specification is designed for practical field work. For draftmanship a substantially similar tool is constructed but without the level as the level wouldbe represented in the plan by a horizontal line thus rendering the telescope portion unnecessary. Such a tool'would be suitable for drafting and calculating the slopes and areas of the various cross sections.

I claim:

1. A cross-sectional clinometer including a vertical pillar having graduations, a member pivoted to the pillar and having a graduated extension projecting from the pillar, a vertically adjustable slide mounted on the pillar and cooperating with the graduations thereof and a horizontally adjustable member carried by the slide and provided with a graduated extension and a batter'rod adjustably mounted on the said horizontally adjustable member.

2. A cross-sectional clinometer including a vertical pillar having graduations, a member pivoted to the pillar and having a gradu ated extension projecting from the pillar, a vertically adjustable slide mounted on the pillar and cooperating with the graduations thereof and a horizontally adjustable member carried by the slide and provided with a graduated extension and a batter rod pivoted to and carried by the horizontally adjustable member, a graduated quadrant arranged to indicate the pivotal adjustment of the batter rod and means for securing the batter rod in its adjustment.

3. A cross-sectional clinometer including a vertical pillar, a telescope pivotally mounted on the pillar and provided with a longitudinally disposed graduated extension, a slide vertically adjustable on the said pillar, a horizontally adjustable bed carried by the slide and provided with a graduated extension and a batter rod pivotally mounted on and carried by the said bed.

i. A cross-sectional clinometer including a vertical pillar provided with a slot and having graduations, a level mounted on the pillar, a telescope pivotally connected to the pillar and having a graduated extension, a vertically adjustable slide mounted on the pillar and having clamping means operating in the said slot, a horizontally adjustable bed slidably interlocked with the said vertical slot, and provided with a graduated extension and abatter rod pivotally mounted on the said bed. i

5. A cross-sectional clinometer including a vertical pillar, a level mounted on the pillar, a telescope having a graduated extension, a slide vertically adjustable on the pillar, a horizontally slidable bed mounted on and carried by the said slide and provided with a graduated extension, a batter rod pivotally mounted. on the said bed and graduated quadrants mounted respectively on the pillar and on the bed and associated with the telescope and the batter rod to indicate adjustments of the same.

ARTHUR JOHN HENRY ARTHUR.

\Vitnesscs a E. J. CAToI-ILovn, lV. E LEISHMAN.

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