US1381023A - Stadia-rod - Google Patents

Description

E. H. SCHWIER.

STADlA ROD.

APPLlCATlON FILED JAN. 21.1920.

1,381 ,023. PatentedJune 7,1921.

i/V VEN TOR A TTORNEYS EMMETT H. SCHW/El? UNITED STATE EINLMETT H. SCHWIEB, OF HUNTINGTON, NEW YORK.

STADIA-ROD.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January 21, 1920. Serial No. 353,126.

T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EMMETT H. Sorrwnsn,

a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Huntington, county of Suffolk, and State of New York, have invented a new and improved Stadia-Rod, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to surveying lnstruments, and has reference more particularly to a stadia rod provided with graduations consisting of unit measuring figures on sald rod, each of which is placed at an angle to the axis of said rod.

An object of this invention is to prov de a form of graduation for a stadia rod which will be simple and free from complicatlons and refinements tending to confuse or delay the transit man.

Another object of this invention is to provide a form of graduations of the class described which will be perfectly plain and legible on long sights with a transit and capable of precise readings on short sights Without the necessity of interpolating or estimating the smaller intervals.

I am aware that a number of forms of graduations are now in general use which satisfy any two of the above requirements, but none can fulfil all three conditions, particularly those with reference to precision on short sights, and legibility on long sights.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification, in which it is understood that the drawing is merely illustrative of two examples of the invention, and in which Figure l is an elevation of a stadia or leveling rod showing the disposition on the rod of my improved graduated figures.

Fig. 2 is an elevation on a large scale of one form of one graduated figure, which for convenience is considered equal to one foot on the stadia rod.

Fig. 8 is an elevation on a large scale of a second form of a graduated figure, also taken as equal to one foot on the stadia rod.

Fig. 1 is a modification of the design particularly adapted to leveling rods.

Referring to the accompanying drawing by numerals, 10 indicates a stadia rod of any suitable material such as wood, metal, etc, and of any length which is convenient to use. The divisions or graduations of said rods are formed by figures 11, and 12 said figures having alternate different depths of color so as to be easily differentiated through the telescope of a transit. The major axis of each of these figures, or the longest line which can be drawn through each of the figures, is inclined slightly at an angle to the longitudinal axis of said stadia rod, as shown clearly in Fig. 1, so that the bottom line of one figure does not register with the top line of the adjacent figure, thus making the unit figures independent and distinct at a long distance. As stated, each figure is assumed to represent one foot in length on the stadia rod, and tenths of a foot are in dicated by points 13 and 14:. The points 13 extend in a direction opposite to the points 1% so that on long sights with the telescope on the transit, the half feet will be farther differentiated. In order to make the half foot divisions on the figures more striking, the points 13 and 14 extend on both sides of the figure 10 at the half foot mark, so that the figure at that point appearsto be thickened on long sights. Each of the tenth divisions is numbered by numerals 15, which will be plain and legible on short sights. In order to divide the figures 11 and 12 into twentieths and one hundredths, reentra-nt angles are provided which form Patented June '7, 1921.

points 16 and 17, which extend in opposite directions into said figure, and a series of five steps 18 is provided on each side of said reentrant angles. These steps 18 divide each of the twentieths of a foot into one hundredths of a foot, and are plain and legible on short sights without the necessity of interpolating or estimating the smaller intervals. The numerals 19 are placed on a stadia rod in heavy black script against the white back ground so as to indicate the foot divisions on long sights. The modification shown in Fig. 3 is adapted principally for close readings on long sights on the transit, and is not provided with the steps 18 which gives the instrument a high degree of pre- .ClSlOIl.

' In the modification shown in Fig. 4:, the points of each figure are turned in a single direction so that the figures will be in one vertical column instead of oblique as shown in Fig. 1. This modification is especially adapted for close work on levelin rods.

The advantages of my improve graduated stadia rod are many. The alternate figures on the rod'are a thick black continuous outline painted on a white surface and will be plain and legible through the telescope so far as one can see the rod, when smaller lines and figures are not visible at by the double point so that said half foot point Will be clearly visible Without interpolation or estimation. The even tenths of the foot are points of emphasis, and are necessary for precise WOIl'I on. short sights Where they can be seen, and the twentieth of a foot marks are indicated by notches. The step arrangement to indicate one hundredths of a foot is plain and unmistakable. At the same time it lends itself to the purposes of the broad general outline of the figures.

special advantage is that by introducing a half step at the terininationsof the figures as shown in Fig. 2, the reading of a telescope "hair on any one step is made constant, that is when the telescope hair crosses any part of the vertical face of the lower step, the reading of the rod is one one-hundredth and this reading will be constant Whether the hair crosses this step at its highest or at its lowest point. While I have illustrated a foot as a unit, any other suitable unit may he used such as the meter, etc.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

l. A stadia-rod having graduations consisting of a plurality of unit figures Whose major axes are inclined atan' angle to the longitudinal axis of said rod..

2. A stadia-rod having'graduations consisting of a plurality of unit figures Whose major axes are inclinediat an angle to the longitudinal. axis of said rod, each figure having a plurality of reentrant angles adapted to divide it into fractional parts of a unit.

3. A. stadia-rod having graduations consisting of a plurality of independent unit figures whose major axes are inclined at an angle to the longitudinal axis of said rod, each figure having a plurality of reentrant angles adapted to divide it into fractional parts or a unit, and a plu ality of steps sociated with said angles adapted to further sub-divide said fractional parts.

EMMETT H. 'S GHWIER.

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