US1386076A - Oxidation and coloration of ferrous surfaces - Google Patents
Oxidation and coloration of ferrous surfaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1386076A US1386076A US405599A US40559920A US1386076A US 1386076 A US1386076 A US 1386076A US 405599 A US405599 A US 405599A US 40559920 A US40559920 A US 40559920A US 1386076 A US1386076 A US 1386076A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oxidation
- temperature
- solution
- coloration
- ferrous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title description 15
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 15
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 aromatic nitro-derivative Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/34—Anodisation of metals or alloys not provided for in groups C25D11/04 - C25D11/32
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
Definitions
- This invention relates to the oxidation and coloration of ferrous surfaces, and has for its object to provide an improved process for this purpose.
- N 0. 106,774 (No. 16582 of 1916) a process for bronzing or coloring ferrous surfaces is described, according to which the surface to be bronzed or colored is electrolytically coated with iron from an electrolyte which is a hot dense alkaline solution (for example, having a temperature of about 120- 140 C.
- the improved process for the oxidation and coloration of ferrous surfaces comprises submitting the surface to anodic oxidation only in a hot concentrated alkaline bath, for example, a concentrated solution of caustic soda.
- a hot concentrated alkaline bath for example, a concentrated solution of caustic soda.
- concentration of the bath and the temperature may vary within certain limits, but preferably, the concentration 1s such that the bath-boils between about 135- 180 0.
- Organic or inorganic oxidizing agents may be added to the bath as desired and as suitable agents of the kind may be men tioned alkali nitrates and chlorates. For example, from 10-20 per cent. of sodium nitrate may be added to the bath.
- the current density may vary within wide limits, the particular density employed depending upon the effect desired, the nature Specification of Letters Patent.
- a solution of caustic soda is prepared, of such concent ation that it boils at about 160 C.
- This solution is brought to a temperature of l45-155 C. and the object to be colored is immersed and made to serve as anode, while a current of 10 amperes per square de'cimeter is passed through. the solution.
- the surface becomes colored a violet-blue. This takes place within a few seconds if the object be small; for larger obects a correspondingly longer period of treatment is required, that is until the ob- ]ect has reached the temperature of the bath.
- a solution of caustic soda which boils at about 170 is made up.
- a steel object is submitted to anodic oxidation in this solution, under a current density of from 10-15 amperes, the temperature being about 160- 165", until a bronze coloration is obtained, the precise time required for this effect to be produced depending upon the size of the object for the reason stated in the preceding example.
- the particular effect obtained depends upon the conditions of working, such as the composition of the bath, period of immersion, the current densit and to a lesser degree upon the nature of the surface under treatment, but in any given case a simple preliminary experiment suffices to determine the factors necessary to attain the desired result. In every case time must be allowed for the object to attain the temperature of the bath.
- the current may be passed while the object is being heated up by thebath or after the object has reached the required temperature.
- the herein described process for oxidizing a ferrous surface which comprises immersing the surface in a solution of alkali of such concentration as to boil at a temperature of at least 135 C and submitting the surface to direct anodic oxidation at a temperature above 130 C.
- the herein described process for oxidizing a ferrous surface which comprises immersing the surface in a solution of caustic alkali of such concentration as to'boil at a temperature of at least 135 C. and submitting the surface to direct anodic oxidation at a temperature above 130 C.
- the herein described process for oxidizing a ferrous surface which comprises immersing the surface in a solution of caustic alkali of such concentration as to boil at a temperature of at least 135 C. and submitting the surface to direct anodic oxidation at a temperature above 130 C. under a current density of 10-15 amperes per square decimeter of the surface.
- the herein described process for oxidizing a ferrous surface which comprises immersing the surface in a solution of caustic alkali of such concentration as to boil at a temperature between 16017 0 C. and submitting the surface to direct anodic oxidation at a temperature of 145-155 C.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.
OXIDATION AND GOLORATION OF FERROUS SURFACES.
No Drawing.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, TITO RONDELLI and QUIRINo SEsTINI, subjects of the King of Italy, residing at Turin, Italy, and Bergamo, Italy, respectively, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oxidation and Coloration of Ferrous Surfaces, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to the oxidation and coloration of ferrous surfaces, and has for its object to provide an improved process for this purpose.
In the prior British specification, N 0. 106,774 (No. 16582 of 1916) a process for bronzing or coloring ferrous surfaces is described, according to which the surface to be bronzed or colored is electrolytically coated with iron from an electrolyte which is a hot dense alkaline solution (for example, having a temperature of about 120- 140 C. and a density about 1.3-1.5) containing an oxid of iron combined with or in solution in the alkali (for example, containing a ferrite) and the surface is then colored or bronzed for example, by anodic oxidation in the electrolytic bath, or by immersion in an alkaline oxidizing solution, such as a solution of caustic alkali containing a metallic nitrate, or an aromatic nitro-derivative such as nitro-phenol. It has now been found that ferrous surfaces may be oxidized and colored with excellent and varied effect by a modification of this process.
According to the present invention, the improved process for the oxidation and coloration of ferrous surfaces, that is to say, of iron or steel surfaces, comprises submitting the surface to anodic oxidation only in a hot concentrated alkaline bath, for example, a concentrated solution of caustic soda. The concentration of the bath and the temperature may vary within certain limits, but preferably, the concentration 1s such that the bath-boils between about 135- 180 0.
Organic or inorganic oxidizing agents may be added to the bath as desired and as suitable agents of the kind may be men tioned alkali nitrates and chlorates. For example, from 10-20 per cent. of sodium nitrate may be added to the bath.
The current density may vary within wide limits, the particular density employed depending upon the effect desired, the nature Specification of Letters Patent.
Application filed August 24, 1920. Serial No.
Patented Aug. 2, 1921. 405,599.
of the surface under treatment, etc. As a guide it may be said that for a steel of ordinary hardness a current density of about 10-15 amperes per square decimeter will frequently be found suitable.
The following examples will serve to in dlcate how the process may be carried into effect, but it is to be understood that they are illustrative only and that the invention is not limited in respect to the details set forth.
Example I.
A solution of caustic soda is prepared, of such concent ation that it boils at about 160 C. This solution is brought to a temperature of l45-155 C. and the object to be colored is immersed and made to serve as anode, while a current of 10 amperes per square de'cimeter is passed through. the solution. The surface becomes colored a violet-blue. This takes place within a few seconds if the object be small; for larger obects a correspondingly longer period of treatment is required, that is until the ob- ]ect has reached the temperature of the bath.
Ewample- H.
A solution of caustic soda which boils at about 170 is made up. A steel object is submitted to anodic oxidation in this solution, under a current density of from 10-15 amperes, the temperature being about 160- 165", until a bronze coloration is obtained, the precise time required for this effect to be produced depending upon the size of the object for the reason stated in the preceding example.
The particular effect obtained depends upon the conditions of working, such as the composition of the bath, period of immersion, the current densit and to a lesser degree upon the nature of the surface under treatment, but in any given case a simple preliminary experiment suffices to determine the factors necessary to attain the desired result. In every case time must be allowed for the object to attain the temperature of the bath. The current may be passed while the object is being heated up by thebath or after the object has reached the required temperature.
Frequently an improved effect may be obtained by immersing the article, after removal from the bath and drying, in hot oil,
for example, in olive oil, or in a mixture of linseed and mineral oil heated to a temperature of about 150-180 C.
What we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. The process for oxidizing ferrous surfaces which consists in submitting-the surface exclusively to anodic oxidation in a hot concentrated alkaline electrolyte containing an oxidizing agent.
2. The process for oxidizing ferrous surfaces which consists in submitting the surface exclusively to anodi'c oxidation in a hot concentrated alkaline electrolyte containing an alkali nitrate.
3. The process for oxidizing ferrous surfaces which consists in submitting the surface exclusively to anodic oxidation in a hot concentrated alkaline electrolyte and subsequently immersing the object, the surface of which has been oxidized in hot oil.
4. The herein described process for oxidizing a ferrous surface which comprises immersing the surface in a solution of alkali of such concentration as to boil at a temperature of at least 135 C and submitting the surface to direct anodic oxidation at a temperature above 130 C.
5. The herein described process for oxidizing a ferrous surface which comprises immersing the surface in a solution of caustic alkali of such concentration as to'boil at a temperature of at least 135 C. and submitting the surface to direct anodic oxidation at a temperature above 130 C.
6. The herein described process for oxidizing a ferrous surface which comprises immersing the surface in a solution of caustic alkali of such concentration as to boil at a temperature of at least 135 C. and submitting the surface to direct anodic oxidation at a temperature above 130 C. under a current density of 10-15 amperes per square decimeter of the surface.
7. The herein described process for oxidizing a ferrous surface which comprises immersing the surface in a solution of caustic alkali of such concentration as to boil at a temperature between 16017 0 C. and submitting the surface to direct anodic oxidation at a temperature of 145-155 C.
In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
TITO RONDELLI. QUIRINO SESTINI.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT6216 | 1916-05-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1386076A true US1386076A (en) | 1921-08-02 |
Family
ID=11104280
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US405599A Expired - Lifetime US1386076A (en) | 1916-05-26 | 1920-08-24 | Oxidation and coloration of ferrous surfaces |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1386076A (en) |
| DE (3) | DE349227C (en) |
| DK (1) | DK29680C (en) |
| FR (2) | FR483436A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB106774A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7462C (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2431986A (en) * | 1942-07-22 | 1947-12-02 | American Rolling Mill Co | Coloring stainless steel |
| US3275536A (en) * | 1962-11-06 | 1966-09-27 | United States Steel Corp | Method of forming a brown coating on steel articles |
| US20080169200A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-17 | Thomas David Burleigh | Method of Anodizing Steel |
-
0
- GB GB106774D patent/GB106774A/en not_active Expired
- NL NL7462D patent/NL7462C/xx active
-
1916
- 1916-11-13 FR FR483436A patent/FR483436A/en not_active Expired
-
1919
- 1919-09-12 DK DK29680D patent/DK29680C/en active
- 1919-09-17 DE DE1919349227D patent/DE349227C/en not_active Expired
-
1920
- 1920-03-15 FR FR22850A patent/FR22850E/en not_active Expired
- 1920-07-02 DE DE1920349228D patent/DE349228C/en not_active Expired
- 1920-07-02 DE DE1920R0050555 patent/DE356079C/en not_active Expired
- 1920-08-24 US US405599A patent/US1386076A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2431986A (en) * | 1942-07-22 | 1947-12-02 | American Rolling Mill Co | Coloring stainless steel |
| US3275536A (en) * | 1962-11-06 | 1966-09-27 | United States Steel Corp | Method of forming a brown coating on steel articles |
| US20080169200A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-17 | Thomas David Burleigh | Method of Anodizing Steel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE349228C (en) | 1922-02-28 |
| AU1196019B (en) | 1920-07-12 |
| FR483436A (en) | 1917-07-04 |
| DE356079C (en) | 1922-07-17 |
| NL7462C (en) | 1900-01-01 |
| GB106774A (en) | 1900-01-01 |
| FR22850E (en) | 1921-08-23 |
| DE349227C (en) | 1922-02-24 |
| DK29680C (en) | 1922-06-06 |
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