US1382401A - Dental instrument - Google Patents

Description

D A. ZURBRIGG. DENTAL INSTRUMENT. APPLICATION FILED MAVYZILHYHB. RENEWED SEPT. 17,1920. r 1 382 401. Patented June 21,1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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DANIEL ANTON ZURBRIGG, OF MILFORD, DELAVTARE, ASSIG-NOR TO THE L D; GAULK COMPANY, 035 MILFORD, DELA'WARE, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE DENTAL INSTRUMENT.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, DANIEL ANTON ZUR- BRIGG, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residin at Milford, in the count I of Sussex and btate of Delaware, have invented new and useful Improvements in Dental instruments, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in dental instruments of the type known as pluggers or packers and which are employed for packing filling materials into tooth cavities. The instruments of the present invention are specially intended for use in connection with the filling of posterior teeth, 71. c. molars and bi-cuspids where amalgam or similar material, 2'. 6. material which. is packed into the cavity while plastic, is employed.

The principal objects of the invention are to secure uniformity in the packing of the filling material, to avoid or minimize the possibility of damage to the cavity wall in connection with the packing of the material to facilitate the filling operation and to provide for the burnishing of the filling in connection with the application thereof.

With the above objects in view the invention is directed more especially to the form of the working points or, more strictly, faces of the instruments and to certain features of combination and arrangement involving the said points or faces, all of which will be set forth in detail as the description proceeds.

Instruments in which the invention is incorporated are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure l is a perspective view of an instrument adapted for mesial cavities.

Figs. 2 and 3 are detail side elevations showing the correlative working points at the opposite ends of the instrument.

Fig. 4: is a diagram showing a plan view of a mesial cavity and the larger working point adapted thereto.

Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the outline of a mesial cavity in the mesio-distal dimension and a side elevation of the larger working point adapted thereto.

Fig. 6 is a perspective View of an instrument adapted for distal cavities.

Figs. 7 and 8 are detail side elevations showing the correlative working points at the opposite ends of the instrument of Fig. 6.

Fig. 9 is a diagram showing a plan view Specification of Letters Patent.

Renewed September Patented June 21, 1921. 17, 1920. Serial No. 410,961.

of a distal cavity and the larger working point adapted thereto.

F 1g. 10 is a diagram showing the outline of a distal cavity in the mesio-distal dimen sion and a side elevation of the larger working point adapted thereto.

Figs. 11 and 12 are diagrams of the correlative packing faces, in two different sizes thereof, of the instruments shown in Figs. 1 to 6 respectively.

Similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

Simple mesio-occlusal (Figs. 4 and 5) or disto-occlusal (Figs. 9 and 10) cavities as prepared for filling are of a general or roughly triangular outline and have buccolingual and mesio-distal dimensions in the approximate ratio 4:3. For packing the filling material in such cavities T have found that the best results are obtained by the employment of packing faces which have the outline of an isosceles trapezoid with their surface dimensions in the ratio 4 3. I have also found that for condensing the filling material into the undercuts and the angles of the matrix with the cavity walls, the best results are obtained by employing a correlative packing face of the same out line, arrangement and dimensional proportions but of considerably reduced area. The form of the packing faces is the same for either mesial or distal cavities but for mesial cavities the longer parallel side of the trapezoid faces ante iorly while for distal cavities it faces posteriorly.

Thus, to obtain the best results, two correlative packing faces should be employed forthe filling of a single cavity, the smaller face being adapted to condense the material into the undercuts and the angles of the matrix with the cavity walls and the larger face being adapted for the final condensation of the material. It is preferred to provide the two correlative packing faces on a single instrument adapted to mesial or distal cavities, as the case may be, Fig. 1 showing an instrument adapted to mesial cavities and Fig. 6 showing an instrument adapted to distal cavities. Referring to Fig. 1 the larger packing face for final condensation is shown at 1 and the smaller correlative packing face is shown at 2, these faces being arranged at opposite ends of the instrument. Referring to Fig. 6, the larger packing face for final condensation is shown at l and the smaller correlative packing face at the opposite end of the instrument is shownv at 2. For use in both mesial and distal cavities the packing faces are smooth and plane or flat. Such faces effect a stronger more homogeneous condensation of the amalgam and also produce a burnishing effect. The packing faces are preferably somewhat rounded at the corners whereby to avoid sharp angles and this feature, in conjunction with the smoothness of such faces, minimizes the liability of danger to the cavity walls or margins.

The packing faces formed at the ends of short sturdy shanlrs 2%. whose cross sectional outline conforms to the outline of saic faces and which are provided at the ends of a suitably elongated handle body portion 4i. The shanks 3 preferably arranged contranngle in order that said faces may be arranged close to the axis of the handle or body portion 4:, thereby to enable the most efficient application. of the force applied.

For mesial'cavities the p anes of the packing faces should form an of apar mat-sly 40 or slightly less with a l touching the most .ad mnced edge o plane and parallel to the 4E, and the k said axis of the handle shanks 8 by which said packing faces are carried are preferably arranged with their ares at angles of app oximately 90 to said i .ces. The angular relation of the mesial packing faces to the line X in connection with the inclination at which the instrument is held, insures that the gingival portion ofthe filling shall be automatically condensed firstfand with the most efiicient effect. The same angular relation of the packing; faces to the line X if applied to the instrument adapted for a distal cavity would have the least effect in the condensation of the amalgam upon the deep gingival margins. Accordingly the planes of the packing faces 1 and 2 for the distal cavities form reduced angle, approximately an angle of 25, with the line X, suchrreduced angle insuring adequate condensation and adaptation of the to the vital gingival margin.

In both cases, therefore, the packing faces arearranged in angular planes best calculated to adapt them to the cavities, mesial distal. for which they may be intended.

lit has been found that for the larger torations the best condensation effects achieved by packing faces 1 or 1, as "he case may be,of. 4mm. 152mm. dimensions. Where the packing faces 1 or 1 are of such dimensions. the correlative packing faces 2 or 2 should be of one-fourth the area of the faces 1 or l 2'. e. of X nomm. dimensions; For smaller cavities the instruments while pcssessmg the features of structure Les-2,401

and arrangement above described, will have their working faces 1 or i somewhat smaller and their correlative working faces 2 or 2 a considerably smaller fraction of the area of the working faces 1 or 1, the preferred dimensions being 3mm. X 225mm. for the faces 1 or 1 and 1mm. X .75mm. for the faces 2 or 2.

It will thus be seen that the relation of the areas of the correlative packing faces is not the same in both cases and, therefore, may not be expressed generically by a fraction. Accordingly the term correlative as applied. to the packing faces is used in this description and in the appended claims to describe packing faces whose areas are in such relation that the larger face will be adapted to the final packing of a cavity and the smaller face will be adapted to condensthe filling material into the undercuts and angles between the matrix and walls of the same cavity. The specification otherwise clearly indicates the details relation of these correlative packing faces in all necessary instances of their use. 7

Two instruments will, therefore, serve for all. mesial cavities. Two others, duplicates,

except for the modification of the angle'of the planes of the packing faces and of the arrangement of the longer sides of the said faces posteriorly will. serve for all distal cavities, and will complete the series. The four instruments ofthe series may be appropriately distinguished from one by suitable marking. lhus, as shown diagrammatically in Fig. 11, the instrument with the faces for mesial cavities may marked with the indicia hP-lVl and the instrument with the smaller faces for mesial cavities may be marked Wi -dil while the two instruments distal cavities may in like manner, as shown diagrammatically in k 12, be marked D D -and D -D respe tively, the letter indicating mesial or distal and the numbers giving the largest face dimensions of the respective working terminals. 7

tial packing of its undercuts and matrix.

fully described my invention claim I 1. An instrument terial into occlusal having correlative larger and smaller trapezoidal packing faces, each of whose'greater for packing filling mapester1or-teetli-cavities,

another dimensions is transverse and whose dimensional ratio is 4:3.

2. An instrument for packing filling material into occlusal posterior-teeth-cavities, having a smooth, plane trapezoidal packing face whose dimensional ratio is 4:3 and whose corners are rounded.

3. An instrument for packing filling material into occlusal posterior-teeth-cavities, having a smooth plane trapezoidal packing face whose greater dimension is transverse and whose dimensional ratio is 4. An instrument for packing filling material into occlusal posterior-teeth-cavities, having correlative larger and smaller smooth, plane trapezoidal packing faces and an elongated handle or body portion provided at its ends with shanks upon which said packing faces are formed. v

5. An instrument for packing filling material into occlusal posterior-teeth-cavities, having correlative larger and smaller smooth, plane trapezoidal packing faces and an elongated handle or body portion provided at its ends with shanks upon which said packing faces are formed, said packing faces having their planes disposed at the same angles to lines touching their most advanced edges and parallel to the axis of said handle or body portion and said angles being correlated to said faces to insure that they will first act with full effect upon the portion of the filling adjacent the gingival margins of the cavity.

6. An instrument for packing filling ma terial into occlusal posterior-teeth-cavities, provided with correlative larger and smaller smooth, plane packing faces, each having similarly disposed longer and shorter transverse edges, and an elongated handle or body portion provided at its ends with shanks upon which said packing faces are formed, said packing faces having their planes disposed at the same angles to lines touching their most advanced edges and parallel to the axis of said handle or body portion and also having their planes whereby they will first act with full effect upon the portion of the filling adjacent the gingival margins of the cavity.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

DANIEL ANTON ZURBRIGG.

l Vitnesses:

W. G. SAMMoNs, W. S. DAUGHERTY.

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