US1373511A - Liquid-fuel burner - Google Patents

Description

E. B. KRAMER.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. $5, 1918.

Patented Apr. 5, 1921 2 SHEETSSHEET I.

I nven tor: EricB.Kramer his Aitorn a E. B. KRAMER.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 15, ms.

Patented Apr. 5, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

lnveniar Eric B.Kramer y W hisAitarne g.

PATENT OFFICE.

ERIC 1B. KRAMER, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK,

Specification of Letters Patent.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER.

Patented Apr. 5, 1921.

Application filed October 15, 1918. Serial No. 258,138.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ERIC B. KRAMnn, a citizen of the United States, and a res dent of New York, borough of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates toliquid fuel burners and has for its object to provide a device of the class specified, simple in construction and efficient in operation. Other objects will appear later herein.

In the drawings accompanylng this speclfication is illustrated one embodiment of my improvements and which embodlment maybe the preferred one. There1n-:

Figure 1 is a front sectional elevatlon taken on line 11 and 1 1 of F1g. 2. F ig'. 2 is a plan view corresponding with Fig. 1 with one of the parts broken away. Fig. 3 is a fragmentaryplan view of a portion of the pan shown in Figs. 1 and Fig. at is a fragmentary elevatlon partly in section, of the arcuate generator of the apparatus. y

In my improved device burner head 2 1s of well-known, cylindrical form and in WlllCl'l the cylindrical wall 3 isperforated for the exit of the gasified fuel. The upper and lower walls of said head are, however, of such formation as to provide a partlcularly eflicient channel for the gas from mixing chamber 4 to the area of burning oncyhnT drical wall 3. Upperwall-5'is of inverted frusto-conical form, the frustum face 6 thereof, terminating directly above or fice 8 of mixing chamber 4, and extend ng 1n all directions horizontally beyond sald orifice 8. Lower wall Tmay be substantially flat. By this arrangement, an annular funnel shaped chamber is formed in said head,

whereby the uprising gas is distributed uniformly outwardly to perforated wall 3 for burning. Said gas is delivered from the upper end of mixing chamber 1 1n a more or less compressed state and partially mixed with air. The funnel shaped chamber of burner head 2 permits the expansion of said gas and facilitates its mixing with the air, so that a suitable burning mixture is delivered through wall 3.

Upper wall 5. is provided with a grooved flange 9 and lower wall 7 w1t h a slmilar flange 10, for receiving and retaining perforated wall 3. It will be noticed that the grooves in said flanges are of larger outside diameter than the outside diameter of wall 3, so as to allow for expansion of said wall 3 by the heat of the flame when the burner is in operation. Also, the outside diameter of said grooves is just suflicient to provide for the expansion of wall 3, whereby in its expanded condition, said wall will fill said grooves diametrally and prevent leakage of gas over and under the edges, respectively, of said wall.

F or. a portion of its circumference lower wall 7 is extended radially for forming a pan 11 in which is laid wicking 12 for absorbing liquid fuel, poured into said pan for the preliminary heating of arcuate generator l3. Said generator lies near wall 3 and conforms to its curvature, so that said generator lies throughout its length in the field of heat from the flame of the burner. Said generator is preferably detachably mounted on pan 11 by means of legs, as 14, downreaching from the ends of the generator and engaging seats, as 15, located at the ends, respectively, of pan 11.

Said generator is filled with finely divided or shredded heat-conducting material, such as steel chips 16, and comprises a plurality of zones of influence lengthwisethereof. These zones may depend upon the multiplicity of cells formed between the closely packed'filling 16, for segregating one zone from another, or said generator may be provided with transverseperforated walls, as 17, for dividing one zone from another. In any case, in the first zone, 18, extending from fuel inlet pipe 22 to about transverse line 17 or to wall 17 Fig. 4, the liquid fuel receives its primary heating and as that heated fuel passes into the second zone, 19, between lines 17 a and 17 it is raised in temperature to point of boiling; in the third zone, 20, between lines 17 and 17, the fuel is gasified; and in the fourth zone, 21, between line 17 and the discharge end of the generator, the gas is superheated for delivery to the burner. In View of the fact that the fuel, while delivered slowly from pipe 22 is delivered under pressure, and in View of the further fact that the fuel is passing through highly tortuous passages between the closely packed fillin and in view of the still further fact that the fuel is constantly increasing in volume under heating, and particularly in passing from a liquid to a gaseous condition, the movement of fuel in the generator is constantlyforward toward the discharge end, so that it is entirely feasible to maintain the described I zones, even without the use of definite walls, such as 17. V.

For conveniencein supplying fuel to pan 11, valved by-pass 23 from supply plpe- 22, is provided. The discharge end of the gen erator is connected by pi-pe 24' with trap 25, which will presently be described.

-V Burner head 2 .maybe supported by frusto-conical flue 4 having base 26 with a large opening 27 therein. Said flue tapers upwardly and terminates in the constricted discharge opening 8, directly under face 6 of burner upper wall 5. Said fluepreferably rests on supports as 28 in the fire chamber of a furnace, not shown, and its lower portion mayvbebanked about with sand 29. Also a damper or baffle plate. 30"may be provided in said flue.

Those portions of my improvements indicated in a eneral way by 25 will now be described. aid portions constitute an auxiliary generator including'a trap and heater for the liquid fuel. Within the chamber 25 is a hollowfloat 31 which is connected by lever 32 with valve 33 for controlling the passage to nozzle 34. Also, if desired, said float may be connected by lever 35 with valve 36forcontrolling the passage to waste pipe 37. Nozzle 34 is located in flue 4 and is connected with the body of valve 33 by pipe 38 and which pipe passes through a suitable opening in the wall ofsaid flue. Below said trap 25 is a heater comprising pan 39 and wicking 40'f0r heating the fuel in auxiliary generator '25 to assist in starting the ap-. paratus.

The operation of my improved device is as follows Oil or other liquid fuel is supplied through pipe 22 to generator 13 and flows there- I through into pipe 24 and thence into trap 25.

As the oil rises in the chamber of trap 25, it will raise float 31, thereby closing valve 33 to'prevent the oil from flooding nozzle 34 and at the same time will raise valve 36 to permit excess oil to pass out through waste pipe 37 The oil supply through pipe 22 may then be cut off temporarily and float 31.

will presently come to rest and close valve 36 and open valve 33. A portion of oil will remain in chamber 25 and which oil may be heated and gasified by pouring oil into receptacle 39 and setting it alight. Also, generator13 may be put in operation, previous to shutting off the supply in pipe 22, by drawing oil from valved'by-pass 23 into pan 11 and igniting it there. This will-heat the fuel in said transformer uniformly from end to end; but as soon as the fuel begins to be gasified, the zone arrangement already described will become effective and the fuel, as

it flows forwardly in said generator and as heated state, and in that condition be delivered through pipe 24, chamber 25 and pipe 38 to nozzle 34. The outrushing gas through nozzle 34 will pass upwardly into the mixing chamber in head 2, and thence outwardly through the perforations in wall 3, whereitmay be ignited. The heat thus generated impinges upon generator 13and the operation of the device will then proceed automatically as long as fuel is supplied through pipe 22. K l I claim: V 1. In a liquid fuel burner the combination of a cylindrical burner head in which the cylindrical wall is perforated for the exit of the gasified fuel, an'inverted frusto-conical upper wall transverse said head, and a flat lower wall transverse said head, whereby an terminating at its upper and smaller end in a supportfor said burner head, and a gas nozzle in said flue. 3. In a liquid fuelburner the combination of a cylindrical burner head in which the cylindrical wall is perforated for the :exit of the gasified fuel, an inverted frusto-conical upper wall transverse said head, a lower wall transverse said head, a fuel pan outstanding from the periphery of said lower wall for a portion of its circumference, and an arcuate generator detachably supported on said pan. 4. In a liquid fuel burner the combination of a cylindrical burner head in which the cylindrical wall is perforated for the exit of the gasified fuel, an inverted frusto-coni'cal upper wall transverse said head, a flat lower wall transverse said head, whereby; an annu V lar funnel shaped chamber is formed in said head, a fuel pan outstanding from the pe riphery of said lower wall for afportion of 7 its circumference, and an 4 arcuate generator detachably supported on said pan. 5. In a liquid fuel burner the combination of a burner head, a generator, a gas nozzle,

an oil trap interposed between said generator orator, the combination of an auxiliary'g'en- 13o erator having a chamber, a float in said chamber, means for delivering oil to said chamber, a gas passage from said chamber to the burner nozzle, a Waste oil passage from said chamber, a valve in said gas passage, and a Valve in said waste passage, said valves being operatively connected with said float for alternately closing said valves.

7. In a liquid fuel burner the combination of a burner head, a burner nozzle, a primary generator, and an auxiliary generator, said auxiliary generator comprising a chamber,

an oil passage from the primary generator to said chamber, a waste oil passage from said chamber, a gas passage from said chamber tothe burner nozzle, a valve in said gas passage, a valve in said waste oil passage, and automatic means for operating said valves.

8. In a liquid fuel burner employing a primary generator and an auxiliary generator, the combination of an auxiliary generator chamber, a gas passage and a waste oil passage therefrom, valves in each of said passages, automatic means for operating'said valves, a heater for the auxiliary generator, and means for supplying oil to said auxiliar generator.

11 witness whereof, I hereby afiix my signature this 14th day of October, 1918.

ERIC B. KRAMER.

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