US2178189A - Oil burning heater - Google Patents

Description

Oct.` 31,r 1939. N. .JY SONNIER OIL BURNING HEATER Filed Nov. 29, 1958 2 sheets-sheet 1 Syvum/vbo@ /YJSon-n i er @www Oct. 31, 1939.

N. JA SONNIER OIL BURNING HEATER Filed Nov. 29, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 M u@ .l n n dw J N Stro: nu!

Patented Oct. 31, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE OIL BURNING HEATER Y Numa J. Sonnier, AMidland, La. Application November 29, 1938, Serial No. 243,028'

7 Claims.

i This invention relates to improvements in heating structures and pertains particularly to an improved oil burning heater.

The primary object of the present invention is to provide animproved oil burning stove or heater in which the construction is such that complete combustion of the oil will be obtained so that the maximum of heat units will be secured from the oil employed'l l0 Another object of the invention is to provide an oil burning heater or stove in which novel means is provided yfor supplying moist vapor or steam to the oil flame in addition to air, whereby the complete combustion of the oil is obtained and the deposition-of carbon avoided and the elimination of smoke secured.

A further object of the invention is to provide in an oil burning stove or heater, a novel base unit in which primary combustion occurs and in which air is supplied in a novel manner so that the desired complete burning of the fuel results.

Still anothergobject of the invention is to provide in an oil burning stove, a novel means for introducing air at a point for preliminary admixture with' the introduced fuel and at another point for mixture with the vapors whereby a secondary combustion or final burning of the vapors is secured.

A still further object of the invention is to provide in an oil burning stove or heater structure a novel means of developing steam for introduction with the fuel oil whereby the steam will perform the double function of atomizing the oil and accelerating the combustion of the same by providing oxygen for immediate admixture with the oil as it is introduced into the stove structure.

The inventionwill be best understood from a consideration of the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying draw- 40, ings forming part of this .specicatiom with the understanding, however, that the invention is not to be confined to any strict conformity with the showing of the drawings but may be changed or modified so long as such changes or modifications Y.15 mark no material departure from the salient features of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.k

In the drawings: Fig. l is a view illustrating the oil burner struc- 50 ture in vertical section with auxiliary structures connected therewith and shown in elevation.

Fig. 2 is a View in plan of the burner base with the air chamber removed..

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view on an enlarged 55 scale of the base portion of the oil burner.

(c1. 15s-Q92) Fig. 4 is a view in elevation of the air control means for the stove.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, the numeral I generally designates the base portion of the present oil burning heater or stove, 5 upon the upper side or top of which is an annular vertically extending air chamber unit 2. The burner as a whole, consisting of thebase and air chamber, is enclosed in a suitable stove body or housing of any desired form, such housing being l0 here indicated in broken lines and shown as being in the form of a vertical casing 3 having a gas outlet 4 connected with a chimney flue. This housing or casing is provided with the usual door 4" by which access may be had to the interior of the 15 casing and to the oil burning unit therein. AThe -base structure I may be of cast iron or of any other suitable material and as shown, has substantial vertical thickness whereby there may be formed therein the annular air channel or 20 gutter 5 which opens through the top of the base through the top Wall openings 6 by way of which air is discharged upwardly from the gutter or passage for the purpose hereinafter described.

The central portion of the top of the base has a 25 basin 'I formed therein and at one side of this basin the material of the base is 'built out so as to form the shoulder 8 which has an air passageway 9 formed therethrough from the channel 5 and opening` through the wall of the shoulder 8, as 30 shown. This passage has a slightly upward curve so that while it is directed in the general direction of the opposite -wall of the basin from shoulder 8, it is also directed upwardly toward the center of the open top of the basin. y

Directly opposite the discharge end or mouth of the air passage 9, the wall of the basin 'I has a Athreaded opening I0 formed therethrough which leads into the air channel 5 and the outer wall of the base is formed with an air inlet opening II 40 which lis coaxial with the opening I 0 and connects with the outwardly extending collar I2. The outer end of the collar I2 is provided with an inturned flange I2v forming a central opening, and this flange is provided with a series of air inlet apertures I2. Disposed over the end of the collar. and covering the iiange I2 is a disk or cap I3 which is frictionally engaged about the end of the collar and which has a central flanged opening It, the iiange of which opening extends-across the ange I2', as shown in Fig. 3. This disk is also provided with air inletopenings I5 which, when the disk or capis turned on the collar I2, may be brought into or moved out of registry with the openings I2. By this means the flow of air into 55 the channel for distribution to various parts of the structure is controlled.

Extending through the opening I4 and longitudinally through the collar I2 to the inner wall of the channel 5 is a steam pipe I6 which has its inner end threaded in the opening I0, the said inner end of the steam pipe being slightly constricted to form the nozzle I1. The outer end of this pipe is connected with the coupling I8 which has an opening coaxial with the pipe I6 for the extension through the coupling and through the pipe of an oil supply pipe I9, and a lateral opening for the connection with the coupling of an end of a steam pipe line 20.

The top of the base I is provided with the two concentrically arranged grooves or channels 2I and 22, which are disposed above the inner and outer walls dening the channel 5. Within the basin 'I there is formed adjacent the top or mouth of the basin the inwardly extending annular ilange 23 which constitutes a coil supporting means as hereinafter described, and this flange is provided with a suitable opening, as at 24, for the extension of an end of such coil therethrough.

The inner and outer Wall portions defining the channel 5 are provided with suitable openings for the extension across the channel of a water pipe 25, this pipe entering the basin 1 as shown, adjacent the opening 24 in the ilange 23, and the water pipe is secured in position by means of a plate 26 extending longitudinally of the underside and connected along its two longitudinal edges with the flange 23 and the apertured portion of the base overlying the channel 5, by the bolts 21.

The air chamber or casing which is indicated generally by the numeral 2 comprises a vertically disposed hollow-walled tubular structure having the concentrically arranged inner and outer walls 28 and 23, respectively, which are connected at their upper ends by the top or partition wall 29. The lower ends or edges of the walls 28 and 29 are unconnected and are adapted to position in the annular grooves 2I and 22, so that the casing will be supported vertically upon the base over the openings 6 which lead upwardly from the channel 5. The central part of the air casing 2 forms a vertical combustion chamber which is open top and bottom, as shown,`

and the inner Wall 28 is provided with a plurality of air apertures 30 by which air may pass from the interior of the area between the walls into the combustion chamber which is generally indicated by the numeral 3|.

Housed within the combustion chamber 3| is a vertically arranged pipe coil 32 which is supported upon the annular flange 23 and has one end extended through the opening 24 for connection with the pipe 25.

The numeral 33 designates a water supply tank which may be provided with any suitable means for carrying water thereto from a main supply source, such as the inlet pipe 33 and the lower end of this supply receptacle or tank 33 is connected by the pipe 25 with the lower end of the coil 32. In this pipe 25 is a control valve 25'. Extending from the top of the tank 33 is a pipe 34 which connectsthe tank by a union 35 with the upper end of the coil 32. In this pipe is a control valve 36.

Disposed directly above the pipe coil 32 is a steam pipe coil 31, the lower end of which is connected to the union 35 while the upper end is connected to the vertical pipe section 31 which is joined to the steam pipe 20 and to the pipe 34. This pipe section 31 thus forms a shunt passage across the coil 31 betwen the steam pipe 23 and the pipe 34 which connects with the top of the tank 33. The upper or outlet end of the steam pipe coil 34 is thus directly connected with the pipe line 2U in which is located, outside of the stove structure or casing 3, a steam control valve 38.

The numeral 39 designates a fuel oil supply receptacle which is preferably arranged so that the oil ilow to the burner structure will be by gravity. The oil is conducted to the burner by way of the pipe 40 which leads, through a control valve 4I, into the lower part of a strainer unit 42 which is provided with a strainer member or diaphragm 43 and from the upper part of the unit above the diaphragm, the pipe I9 leads to the nozzle end of the steam pipe I6, this latter pipe I9 having a control valve 44 therein.

In the operation of the present heater structure, the air casing is raised after opening the valves 4I and 44 to permit a small amount of oil to flow into the basin 1 and this oil is ignited by the extension under the raised air casing of a suitable ignition device such as a taper or the like. The casing is then replaced and the heat generated from the burning oil in the basin will quickly raise the temperature of the water in the coils 32 and 31 and by keeping the valve 36 nearly completely closed, this water will be quickly converted into steam which can be permitted to iow by way of the valve 38 into the steam pipe I6. By allowing the steam to escape through the nozzle I1, additional fuel will be drawn from the pipe I9 and the air mixing with the steam and fuel at the mouth of the air passage 9 will produce an easily combustible mixture, the name from which will extend upwardly through the central part 3I of the air casing. As the burning gases rise, air will be drawn in through the holes 30 from the annular air chamber so that complete combustion of the vaporized oil will take place in the area of the air casing in which the water coil 32 is located.

After the operation of the stove has been established, the valve 36 may be opened wider so that a circulation of hot water may be set up between the coil 32 and the tank 33, but the valve 36 will at all times be kept in such position that the free iow of water will be sufiiciently retarded to bring about a development of steam in the pipe 31.

While no connections have been shown for drawing off water from the tank 33, it will be appreciated that this tank may be made use of as a source of supply of hot water for household uses and as heated water is drawn oif from the tank, replenishment may be made by permitting additional water to flow into the tank through the supply pipe 33.

As the stove becomes heated, the base portion will absorb a certain amount of heat so that the air supplied to the oil vapor will be in heated conditionrand thus further assist in the vaporization of the inflowing oil.

The air inlet for the channel 5 is enclosed within the stove body or casing 3 and in order that an adequate supply of air may be had, the casing may be provided with an inlet in the area designated at 45.

By providing the pipe connection 31 between the upper and lower ends of the coil 31, a means is obtained for collecting steam which has been found to be superior to the use of a steam dome or like structure.

What is claimed is:

l. An oil burning structure of the character described, comprising a basel having a basin in the central porti-on thereof and an annular air channel surrounding the basin and opening upwardly throughV the base, means for spraying fluid fuel into the basin, means providing an air passageway leading from the channel into the basin opposite from said fuel delivering means, said air inlet means being arranged whereby the air flowing into the basin will be directed in opposition to' the inflowing fuel spray, an upwardly opening combustion drum disposed above and in communication with the basin, means for discharging air into .said drum from Said channel, means for introducing air into said channel, and means for discharging water Vapor into said basin about the mouth of the fuel inlet means.

2. A fluid fuel burner of the character described, comprising a base structure having an annular upwardly opening air channel, therein and a fuel receiving basin within the area defined by said channel, a iiuid fuel conducting pipe leading to and discharging into said basin through the side thereof, an air passageway leading from saidchannel into the basin and arranged to discharge air into the basin in a direction opposed to the direction of introduction of fuel from. Said pipe, means supported upon the top of said base providing a vertically extending combustion drum communicating at its lower` end with said basin and open at its upper end, means for discharging air from the channel into said drum through the side of the latter, means for introducing air into said channel, steam generating means, and means for conducting steam from. the generating means to and discharging it into the basin around the discharge end of said fuel conducting pipe.

3. A fluid fuel burner of the character described, comprising a base structure having an annular upwardly opening air channel therein and a fuel receiving basin Within the area dened by said channel, a fluid fuel conducting pipe leading to and discharging into said basin through the side thereof, an air passageway leading from said channel into the basin and arranged to discharge air into the basin in a direc- -tion opposed to the direction of introduction of fuel from said pipe, ka vertically extending cylindrical structure supported upon the top of said base and open at its upper and lower ends and providing a combustion chamber, air inlet apertures in the wall of the combustion chamber, means for conducting air from said channel to and through said apertures, means for introducing air into the channel, a steam generating means, and means for conducting steam from said generating means to and discharging it into the basin at the fuel discharge end of the fuel pipe.

4. A heater structure of the character described, comprising a base unit having a iiat top, an air channel formed in said base and opening upwardly through an annular series of discharge apertures, a fuel basin in the base within the area defined by said series of apertures, an air inlet passage for said channel, a pipe extending through the base to and opening at one end through the side of and into the basin, the said end of the pipe being formed to provide a nozzle, a iiuid fuel pipe passing through said first pipe and terminating within the same within the said nozzle, means for discharging air from said channel into the basin in opposition to the fio-wV of and for admixture with fuel entering the basin from the last-mentioned pipe, means forming a. combustion chamber above said basin, means for discharging air into said chamber through the side thereof from the annular series of air apertures, means adjacent the upper end of said combustion chamber for generating steam, and means for conducting the steam from the generating means to the said mst-mentioned pipe for discharge therethrough into the basin.

5. A heating structure of the character described, comprising a-base unit having an annuiar air channel therein opening upwardly through the top of the unit, a fuel basin in the base opening Vupwardly within the area dened by the channel, the top of said base being formed to provide a pair of concentric upwardly opening grooves between which said air channel opens, a vertically disposed cylindrical structure supported by said base and having its upper and lower ends open, said cylindrical structure having spaced inner and outer walls connected together at the top of the structure by an imperforate wall, the lower edges of the inner and outer wallsseating in said grooves, the central portion of said structure forming a combustion chamber and said inner wall having air apertures therethrough leading into the area between the inner and outer walls, a pipe coil disposed in concentric relation with said combustion chamber and having a water inlet connection at its lower end, a conduit leading from the upper end of the coil and discharging into said basin, and a fluid fuel pipe discharging into the basin through the discharge end of said conduit.

6. A heating structure of the character described, comprising a base having an annular air channel therein and opening upwardly through the top thereof, said top of the base having a pair of concentric grooves therein between which said channel opens, a fuel basin in the base within the area defined by the channel, a doublewalled vertically disposed cylindrical structure mounted upon said base and open at its upper and lower ends, the area between the walls of the structure constituting an air chamber, said walls having their lower edges supported in the grooves of the base and having their upper edges joined together by an imperforate wall structure, the central portion of said cylindrical structure forming a combustion chamber and the inner one of the double walls having air inlet apertures therethrough, a water coil supported upon said base within said combustion chamber and having water inlet means at its lower end and water outlet means at its upper end, a valve controlling the outlet means of the upper end of the coil, a second coil disposed above the first coil and connected at one end with the upper end of the rst coil, a steam nozzle arranged for discharge into said basin, a pipe connecting the other end of the second coil with said steam nozzle, a fluid fuel pipe discharging into the basin through said steam nozzle, means for introducing air into said channel, and means for discharging air from the channel into the basin in a direction opposed to the direction of entrance of steam and fuel thereinto.

7. A heating structure, comprising a base having a basin formed centrally therein and an annular air channel encircling the basin and opening upwardly, said base having a pair of concentric grooves in the top thereof between which the channel opens, a double-walled vertically disposed cylindrcal unit supported upon the base,

the area between the walls at the lower end of the unit being open and said walls resting at their lower edges in said grooves, the Walls be ing joined together at their upper ends, the central part of the unit being open at the top and bottom for communication at the lower end with the basin, means for introducing air into said channel, means for discharging fuel through the side wall of the basin toward the center thereof, said double-walled unit having the inner wall thereof provided with apertures for the discharge of air received from said channel into the area between the walls into the central part of the unit, a water coil within the central part of the unit and supported upon said base, the central part of the unit constituting a combustion chamber, said coil having water inlet means at its lower end and water outlet means at its upper end, valves controlling the ow of water to and from the inlet and outlet means, respectively, a pipe coil disposed above the unit and concentrically with said rst coil and having a lower end connected with the upper end of the rst coil, a pipe line connected with the upper end of the pipe coil and having its other end discharging into said basin around the discharge end of the fuel line, said second coil constituting a steam generator for the supply of steam to said basin for discharge thereinto with the fuel.

NUMA J. SONNIER.

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