US1370021A - Reduction of metallic oxids - Google Patents
Reduction of metallic oxids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1370021A US1370021A US387692A US38769220A US1370021A US 1370021 A US1370021 A US 1370021A US 387692 A US387692 A US 387692A US 38769220 A US38769220 A US 38769220A US 1370021 A US1370021 A US 1370021A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ferro
- metallic
- oxid
- silicon
- chromium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000370685 Arge Species 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
Definitions
- the essence of the invention lies in compounding in the furnace charge, with the scale to be reduced, both ferro-silicon and ferro -chromium, and in proceeding with the reducing operation upon the charge so compounded.
- the invention more broadly viewed consists in compounding with a metallic oxid, not necessarily an oxid of iron, the same ferro-silicon and ferro-chromlum ingred ents and proceeding withthe reducing operation on the charge so compounded;
- uranium oxid, U 0 may advantageously be reduced by my method, and indeed my initial discovery in the premises consisted in the re duction of uranium-oxid.
- the uranium oxid is mixed in finely divided form with both ferro-silicon and ferro-chromium, also in finely divided form, and the mixture is introduced into a furnace, conveniently an electric furnace, wherein temperature is increased to the degree requisite to bring about reaction.
- Carbon is, of course, a reducing agent, as are also silicon and chromium and, to the extent that it is present, carbontends to diminish the amount needed of ferrosilicon and'ferro-chromium to effect the end in view. This statement is not, however, to be misunderstood. In orderto getth'e re-- sults, both ferro-silicon and ferro-chromium must be present. N 0 amount of carbon can take wholly their place to effect the'ends 1n view.
- an alloy of the metal I contained in the initial oxid with another metal that other metal in desired quantity may be added either to the initial furnace charge or at a later moment in the course 7 of operation, either in metallic state (simple or a Inthe application referred to metallic addiloyed) or in the form of reducible oxid.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
CHARLES MORRIS JOHNSON, 0F AVALON, PENNSYLVANIA REDUCTION OF METALLIC OXIDS.
No Drawing.
To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES MORRIS JOHNSON, residing at Avalon, in'the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvanla, a citizen of the United States, have invented or discovered certain new and useful Improvements in r the Reduction of Metallic Oxids, of which improvements the following is a specification.
In a now pending application for Letters Patent, Serial No. 344,329, filed December 12, 1919, I have described and claimed a method of reducing oxids of iron, and particularly high-speed scale, and producing again, in uninterrupted operation, alloy steel. The method so particularly appliedis capable of Wider application, and in thisapplication I shall describe and claim it in such wider service.
.The essence of the invention, as it is described in the application referred to, lies in compounding in the furnace charge, with the scale to be reduced, both ferro-silicon and ferro -chromium, and in proceeding with the reducing operation upon the charge so compounded. The invention more broadly viewed consists in compounding with a metallic oxid, not necessarily an oxid of iron, the same ferro-silicon and ferro-chromlum ingred ents and proceeding withthe reducing operation on the charge so compounded; For example, uranium oxid, U 0 may advantageously be reduced by my method, and indeed my initial discovery in the premises consisted in the re duction of uranium-oxid. As in the case of high-speed scale, the uranium oxid is mixed in finely divided form with both ferro-silicon and ferro-chromium, also in finely divided form, and the mixture is introduced into a furnace, conveniently an electric furnace, wherein temperature is increased to the degree requisite to bring about reaction.
By pursuing this method I have found that a yield of more than 90% of the uranium contained in the ore may be recovered, whereas by pursuing the usual course, in which ferro-silicon alone is used as thereagent, rarely more than 70% is recovered. In my already pending application to which I have referred and in which the reduction of an iron oxid is described. carbon is an essential ingredient of the furnace charge, and the proper control of the carbon component of the product is a matter Specification of Letters Patent.
the ch The actual yield of this formula,
Patented Mar. 1, 1921.
Application filed June 9, 1920. Serial No. 387,692.
very carefully explained It will be understood that this matter of the control of the carbon component relates itself to the uses intended for the finished product, the alloy steel. And it will be understood that where, as in the case of uranium oxid, the product desired is metallic uranium, whose chief. commercial value is not as a material out of which to form utensils and articles generally, but as a material for further use as an lngredient in metallurgical operations, this matter of the careful control of a non-metallic component of theproduct becomes, ordinarily at least, a matter of no moment. Carbon is, of course, a reducing agent, as are also silicon and chromium and, to the extent that it is present, carbontends to diminish the amount needed of ferrosilicon and'ferro-chromium to effect the end in view. This statement is not, however, to be misunderstood. In orderto getth'e re-- sults, both ferro-silicon and ferro-chromium must be present. N 0 amount of carbon can take wholly their place to effect the'ends 1n view.
The proportioning of the components of arge is a matter of experimental determination. I have, in the application referred to, given the figures for a properly proportioned charge, where the raw material to be acted on is high-speed scalel An approved formula in that case is, high sp'eed scale, 300 pounds; ferro-silicon, 27 pounds; ferro-chromium, 20 pounds. And in giving this formula I have been careful to explain that latitude ispermissible, and the formula need not be slavishl-y followed. p
In the case'of uranium oxid,a proper formula for a furnace. charge is this: 22 pounds uranium oxid of 88.5% purity; 17.6 pounds of ferro-silicon of 50% silicon; 10 pounds, ferro-chromium of 54.5 chromium. according to my operations was 42 pounds, of which the metallic uranium component amounted to 38.23%, and this, compared with the. amount of the charge shows a yield of 97.5%. Again it should be said these figures are exemplary and need not be slavishly adhered to. It is the joint presence of ferro silicon and ferro-chromium which is important, and variation in proportions is permissible. The formula given will be found to afford notable results. 7 p As in the treatment of iron oxid, so inithe treatment of the oxids of other metals, if
ion
be desired to produce an alloy of the metal I contained in the initial oxid with another metal, that other metal in desired quantity may be added either to the initial furnace charge or at a later moment in the course 7 of operation, either in metallic state (simple or a Inthe application referred to metallic addiloyed) or in the form of reducible oxid.
tions are described, the metal of such additions being both tungsten and molybdenum.
These metals are as there described introduced in metallic form and in powdered condition, and the introduction is efi'ected in part in the initial charge and in part in the furnace after the essential reaction has taken .place and before pouring. It will sutfice to mention these matters; the furnace man-will understand the operation.
I have mentioned uranium oxid and by allusion to the companion application, 1ron oxid; o'xids of zirconium, chromium, tantalum, vanadium, tungsten, or molybdenum maybe similarly reduced, or, indeed, other metallic oxids; and any desired mixture of any two or more of these oxids named and suggested may be subjected to the same method to attain the desired metallic product.
I claim as my invention:
1. The herein described method of reducing a metallic oxid which consists in smelting it in the presence of both, ferro-silicon and ferro-chromium.
2. The herein described method of producing a metallic alloy which consists in smelting the oxids of the component metals in the presence of both ferro-silicon and ferro-chromiu'm.
3. The herein described method of reducing an oxid of a non-:ferrous metal which consists in mixing it with both ferrosilicon and ferro-chromium and in smelting the mixture.
4. The herein described method of producing a metallic alloy which consists in smelting theoxid of one of the component metals in the presence of both ferro-silicon and ferro-chromiuiii, and introducing a quantity of another metal to the furnace charge.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.
CHARLES MORRIS JOHNSON.
Witnesses:
BAYARD H. CHRIs'rY, FRANCIS J. TOMASSON.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US387692A US1370021A (en) | 1920-06-09 | 1920-06-09 | Reduction of metallic oxids |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US387692A US1370021A (en) | 1920-06-09 | 1920-06-09 | Reduction of metallic oxids |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1370021A true US1370021A (en) | 1921-03-01 |
Family
ID=23530983
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US387692A Expired - Lifetime US1370021A (en) | 1920-06-09 | 1920-06-09 | Reduction of metallic oxids |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1370021A (en) |
-
1920
- 1920-06-09 US US387692A patent/US1370021A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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