US1369673A - Coking- retort-oven - Google Patents

Description

H. KOPPERS.v

C0 RETORT N.

APPLICA mensa .1920.

1,369,673, mama Feb. l22, 1.

6 SHEETS-SH I H. KOPPERS.

COKING RETORT OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 1o. 1920.

1,369,673. Patented Feb. 22, 19213..

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2- H. KOPPERS.

OOKING RETORT OVEN.

Arrucalon msu sur. lo. |929.

1,369,673, Patented 2011.221921.

ETS-SHEET 4.

CHST IRON JNE/(ET H. KOPPERS.

c'oKmG mom oven.

APPHCATION FILED SEPT- I\ 1920.

1,369,673. Patented Feb.22,1921

OVE/V FLOOR H.' KOPPERS. 'come mom ovE'N.

APPLICATION HLED SEPT. 10 1920..

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

OP QFBENCH Patented Feb. 22, 1921.

um a 7 w NT... 6. M n 9 Wm n0 F mno om 1 TOP of* a I T e PATENT FFICE.

HEINRICH KOPERS, 0F ESSEN-EUHR, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TTI-IE KOPPERS DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, A. CORPORWIION 0F PENNSYLVANIA.

S? o cgi/Z whom t may concern: y

Be it known that I, HEINRICH Korriins, (assignor to The Koppers Development Corporation, ot Pennsylvania a citizen or Germany, residing in Essen-Ruhr, (lermany7 have` invented a new and useful improvement in Colring Retort-Ovens7 of `which the following is a specification.

'lhis invention relates to the art oi making colte, particularly in lay-product colte ovens; the-invention has for primary obyects the production oit' uniformly high grade coke for metallurgical and other purposes and especially Jtree-burning coke suitable 'for blast Afurnace operations and also tree-burning colte for domestic use, and also to produce such free-burning coke in a short colring time, and at lower temperatures than that required by ordinary processes.

libe-invention has for further objects such other improvements or advantages in operationand such other advantageous results as may be found to obtain in the improved processes and apparatus hereinafter de-v scribed as illustrative examples.

ln the accompanying drawings, forming a part ot this specification? and showing, tor purposes ot exempliication. a preterred manner in which the invention may be embodied and practised, but Without limiting the Vclaimed invention specifically to such. illustrative instance or instances:

Figure l is a diagrammatic perspective `andsectional view or a by-product colring retort oven for carrying out the improvements of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but illus trating a further development of the invention; n

Fig. 3 is a diagran'unatic sectional view through a colring chamber oli a colring retort oven and illustrates other parts hereinafter more fully described;

Fig. et is a detailed transverse section of a inodied form of channeling means;

Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the heating wall oil' a coking retort oven illustrating a further embodiment of the invention;

Fig. (i is an enlarged "vertical sectional elevation through the bottom of a coking chamber of the oven illustrated in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a horinontal sectional elevation on the line 7--7 of Fig. 6;

Specification of Letters Patent. lpbnted FBIL 22, 1921. l

lapplication filed. September 10, 1920.

Serial No. 409,368.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary elevational view oi the side of the oven illustrated in Fig. 5.

The same characters oi' reference indicate thesameparts throughout the several views.

hererring nowpmore particularly to Figs. l and I5, which illustrate diagrammaticallv one example of carrying out the invention, the reference numeral 10 represents a colring chamber of an oven battery, said colring chamber being one of a plurality of coking chambers elongated transversely with respect to the battery and disposed in alternation` with transversely-elongated heating walls provided with the usual ilaine fiues for supplying' heat to coke the charges within such colring chambers. lt will, off course, be understood that the ovens shown inthe drawings may be fired with their own gas or other gas by developing the colnng heat extraneously of the charge, and not by combustion within the colring chamber as in bee-hive practice. In this instance, the ,heat is developed in` the flame tlues in the heating walls along the sides of each colring chamber. The coking chambers 10 are charged with the coal, or other carbonaceous material to be coked, through chargv ing holes 11 provided in the tops of the respective coling chambers, and the gases and by-products distilled from the colring charges in such chambers pass out through ascension pipes 15 respectively communicating with the colring chambers through their tops. to a collecting main 17 through which the distillates are conveyed for subsequent treatment in by-product recovery apparatus. As shown. the How through the individual ascension pipes 15 into the collecting main 17 is controlled by means of valves 16. Each colring chamber 10 is closed on its opposite sides by coke oven doors 13 and le, which are removed when the coke is ready for pushing. The charge of coal introduced into the coling chamber l() is leveled by means of a leveling device inserted through a leveling hole on one side of the oven battery and normally closed by a closure element 12.

ln accordance with the invention, after the distillation within each coling chamber 10 has been in greater part completed, the valves of the ascension pipes 15 corresponding to such chambers are closed, so

rllhe several ascension pipes l5 lead thatsuch coking chambers are cut olf from communication with the collecting main.

Theflow of the distillates is then reversed,Y

and instead of drawing offV the distillates from theftop ofthe coking charges the distillates are drawn off from the 'bottom through pipes 20 connected to the lower A portions of the doors 14C located on the oppo- 21 which extends along the battery of coking chambers. Preferably, steam is introduced into each colring chamber 10 coincident with the reversal in flow of the distillate and the steam is supplied from a steam main 19 which runs parallel with the collecting main'17 and is provided with valve-controlled injectors 18 respectively leading into the ascension pipes 15. These injectors 18 are opened when the valves 1G of the ascension pipes are closed, and the steam introduced into the lower portions of such ascension pipes passes into 'the tops of the coking vchambers in which the distillate flow is reversed and saidsteam thence flows downwardly through the charge along with the distillate and passes out ofthe coking chambersthrough the outflow pipes 20.

In order that the vapors and gases which flow downwardly through the charge during the periodA of reversal may pass out of the charge uniformly and without hindrance, a special channel may befmade in the bottom of each charge after it has been introduced into the oven. Referring to Fig. 3, this channel may be formed` in the following manner r' through an opening 25 in the lower portionvof each door 13 on the pusher side of the oven battery, a channel forming rod 26'is inserted after the introduction of each charge to be poked.' This rod 26 is con veniently carried by and operated by means of Vthe pusher machine 27 andV may be pushed into theY bottom of a -coking chamber by means of aY pusher bar which slides between guide rollers 30 and is operated forwardly and rearwardly through the medium of suitable gearing 28. The channel formi ng rod 2G may be connected ywith the pusher bar by means of a coupling 29. and after having been introduced into and beneath the rl'iarge of coal in a coking chamber the rod 2G is disconnected from the pusher bar and permitted to remain in the -coking chamber until the colring ofthe coal in the lower portion of the chamber has progressed suflicien'tly toV render the walls of the charge that engage the sides `and top of the' rod .sufliciently firm to permit withdrawal of `the rod' without said walls collapsing. As the pusher machine can be detached from the channel forming rod, the pusher machine may be moved away from a colri'ng chamber purposes. As soon as the walls of the chan nel formed by the rod 26 have hardened sufliciently, the rod 26 is withdrawn leaving a channel through which the gases and vapors on reversal of the flow may pass freely to the outflow pipe 20.

In the case of ovens that are fed with coals. which are compressed or stamped before being introduced into the oven, the ilues or exit channels in the bottom of each charge are formed by means of the device shown in Fig. e. Referring to said ligure. the charge to be introduced `in the oven is compressed outside of the oven on a plate 31 formed with a rib 32 corresponding with the size of the channels to be made in the bot` tom of the charge. Suitable gearing may be provided in the hollow of this rib 32 for introducing the plate 31 on which the charge is 'supported into the oven, and for withdrawing the plate when the -colring of the charge has progressed suiliciently to harden the walls of the channel formed in the bottom.

In the construction of by-product ovens for manufacturing colte for metallurgical purposes. the paramount object has always been to o tain the greatest possible equality of distribution of heat through the heating walls, and this is done by evenly distributing the gas and air over the bottoms of the heatingl walls before combustion takes place and vbv cansino the flames that result from the combustion to extend throughout the various flame lines of each entire heating wall. But even with a high degree of equal distributionk of heat through the heating walls. perfect equality in distribution through the charge is impossible in practice owing to the nature of the charge itself. The charge of coal necessarily increases more or less iu section toward the coke side of the oven to permitpushing of the finished colte out of the oven. Moreover, local irregularities in the progress of the coking process exist from the beginning of the'distillation or crop up during the working. Therefore, the progress of coking does not proceed in all portions of the charge at the same rate, so that by the time certain portions of the charge have been completely coled, other portions of the charge may he under donc and in order to complete thecoling of such under done portions of `the charge it will be necessary to over coke other portions of the charge. If the charge be not pushed out of the coking chamber, until all portions thereof have been completely cokcd, portions: of the charge may be subjected to excessive heating and over coking. which sometimes can only be avoided by pushing the charge without completely colring the under done portions.

Excessive heating of the colre results'not only in the expulsion of nearly all traces of hydrogen, but also in a change of the physical structure of the coke which makes it diiiicult to burn. This is a. decided disadvantage in blast furnace operations for the reason that in blast furnace operations coke is required which is immediately reduced to carbon monoXid at the twyers in order to get the greatest benefit out of the fuel and to prevent the fire from creeping up the charge in the blast furnace and causing scaffolding ot the masses in the furnace and other troubles.

1n accordance with the present invention an evening out oit' the temperature diiierences and restricting oi the coking time are accomplished by cutting o'tl' communication between the colring chamber and the col lecting main, when the distillation of the located at the bottom, and a local circula tion is induced which causes the heat to pass from the hotter portions to the rela tively coolerportions of the charge which are located generally at the top, thereby effecting transfer of heat from the hotter zones to the cooler zones and not only preventing over eolring in the hotter zones but also accelerating the coking ot the under done portions of the charge in the cooler zones and thereby restricting the colring time. 1n addition to this, the downwardly streaming atmosphere, suoli as steam, or some other extraneously derived vapor or gas, results in the induction of an endothermic reaction etfect on the hotter portion of the charge,

thereby consuming much heat which otherwise would eliect over colring. An additional result ot the water gas reaction when steam is employed is an increase in the ammonia yield. `flow of the distillate is started when the temperature peaks of the charge, wherever they may be located therein have risen above about 750O C.

As shown in Fig. 2, another measure may beadvantageously carried out concurrently with the reversal in flow of the vapors and gases.A ln the space above the charge, in which the distillate collects, dissociation is liable to occur because of the high temperatures. This can be avoided by introducing into the collecting space ot coking chambers, before the reversal, the gases and vapors derived from other coking chambers in which the reversal oi flow is being effected. This may be accomplished by connecting the main 21 with inlet pipes 2li which lead into Preferably the reversal in thetops of the coking chambers. The coupling elements 223, shown in Fig. 2, are designed to connect with either the pipes 20 or the pipes 24. The vapors and gases drawn ott from the bottoms oi certain col;- ing chambers may then be introduced into the tops olf others in which the colring process is proceeding and such introduced vafpors and gases mingle with the distillate which collects in the gas collecting space and effect a rinsing out et' the newly 'formed gases, as well as a cooling, both which tactors combine to retard dissociation,

Another very remarkable eiiect, which is due to the timing ot the above operations, will new be described: it, in accordance with the present practice, all the ovens and distillation chambers are kept in connnunication with the gas collecting main troni tiny first to the last hour of operation, the pres-- sure in the colring chamber drops from 2 to 3 millimeters oi water above zero, to l to millimeters below zero. rthis is due to the considerable decrease oi the quantity oi gas produced per unit or' time, and to the buoyancy caused by the beating up or' the charge. By this decrease oi pressure in the chamber, an inflow of burnt gases through the heating walls and o'lair through the luting oit' the oven doors, which are often leaky, is caused, so that the nitrogen contained in the distillation gases amounts to only a 'few per cent. at the beginning of the eolring process, but rises considerably toward the end of this process.

New if, in accordance with the special measure described above, all of the ovens are connected to the gas collecting main only for, say, the first twelve hours, while the steam gas mixtures oli' the ovens, which are cut oli' from the gas collecting mains and are being subjected to 'the' heatequalizing process, are led into the ovens in which the col;- ing process has been going on 'for more than twelve hours, an excellent balancing of pressure will be obtained. its a small excess et pressure is thus always n'iaintained in all the ovens ot.' a battery, a deterioration oi the quality oi the gas by the drawing lin oi nitrogen will be obviated. 1t is, however, expressly remarked here that the times mentioned are relative times which are only stated in order to make the fundamental idea of the invention clearer by an example.

From the channels or dues made at the sole et the oven for the purpose ot' drawing oil the mixture oi steam and gas in the manner described above, some further advantages accrue which are of special practical importance If channels were cut in sole oiI the oven so as to lead into the chamber with the known passages or holes through which vapors are introduced ior other purposes, these holes would be certain to be choked up ,Ulti

streams of vapors or gases flowing from the top to bottom is secured.

ln the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive, there is formed in the bottom of each coking chamber an outflow duct 3l leading to a chamber 32 connected by means of a cross-duct 33 with a vertical outiiow channel 34 formed in the jamb brick of the heating wall. This' vertical outflow channel 34 extends upwardly to a valve-controlled ascension pipe 85 that leads into an auxiliary collecting main 36, located beneath the usual collectingmain. The gas chamber 32 of each coliing chamber may be reached through an inspection hole 37 normally closed by Ya plug 38. rlhe reversal process carried on in the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive proceeds exactly in accordance with the principles hereinabove described. AIn operation, the leveling rod will cover the gas or distillate outflow duct and prevent coke from falling in and clogging said duct while the walls of the channel in the bottom of the coke are being formed. After the channel walls have hardened the leveling` rod is removed and the walls themselves will prevent pieces of cokefrom falling into and clogging the duct. e

The invention as hereinabove set forth may be practised-in various ways without departing from the scope of the claims hereinafter e made.

consists in applying an eXtraneously-'devel- Y opecl coking'heatto a mass ofsucli material,

withdrawing` the distillate in one direction from thejcoling charge of such material, until the distillation of the mass of such charge has been in greater part completed, and then, during the continuance ofthe colring, withdrawing Vthe distillate in the opposite direction from the said colring `charge and, by such reversal in flow of the distillate through the coking charge, cooling the hotter regions of the coling charge to retard over coking thereof, while completing the coking` of the cooler portions of the charge ,substantially as specified. Y

' 2. The improvement in the art'of coking carbonaceousmaterial, suchas coal, which consists in applying an eXtraneously-developed cokingl heat to a mass of such material, withdrawing the di illate from the top of thecoking` charge oi cli material, until the distillation of the mass of such charge has been in greater part completed, and then, 'f

during the continuance of the coling, withdrawing'the distillate from the bottom of the eoling charge and, by such reversal in flow of the distillate through the colring charge, cooling the hotter regions of the colr- Athen, during the continuance of the coling.

reversing the direction of liow of the distil- .late through the colring charge, and, by such reversal, cooling the hotter regions of the coling charge to retard over-colting thereof, while completing the cokingof the cooler portions of the charge; substantially as specilied.

el. ll`lie improvement in the art of coliiug` carbonaceous material, such as coal. which consists in applying an extraneouslyde veloped cokingheat to :i mass of suoli inaterial, withdrawing the distillate in one direction from the Golfing charge of such material, until 1Lhe distillation of the mass of such charge has been in greater part completed, and then, during the continuance of the Golfing, passing gas in the opposite direction through the cokiiig charge and, by such reversely flowing gas cooling the hotter regions ofthe evoking charge to retard overcoling thereof, while completing the coling of the cooler portions of the charge; substantially as specified.

5. The improvement in the art of coking carbonaceous material, such as coal, which consists in applying an extraneously-devel oped coking heat to a mass of such material, withdrawing the distillate in one direction from the Golfing charge of such material, until the distillation of the mass of such charge has been in greater part completed, and then, during` the `continuance of the coling, passing-vapors in the opposite direction through the colring charge and, by such reversely flowing vapors cooling the hotter regions of the coking` charge to retard over-colring thereof, while completing' the coking` of the cooler portions of the charge; substantially as specified.

. f-onsists Leeonvs oped ooliing heat to a mass ot suoli material, withdrawing the distillate in one direction troni the ooliinge; charge olf suoli material until the temperature peaks ol the mass ot auch charge have been elevated above substantially Z500 if., and then., during1 the con tir `noe ot the ceiling, Withdrawingl the distillare in the opposite direction troni the said oolring charge and, by such reversal in tloW oit the distillate through the oolnng charge, ooolrngl the hotter regions ot the coliing` cl'iarge to retard over-Cokin@ thereol, While completing the oolring; ol the cooler portions ol' the oolting charge; sul'istantially as specilied.

T. 'llio improvement in tho art oit cohing; oarbonaoeous material, suoli as ooal, which in applying; an eiitraneouslyoevolonod oolring heat to a mass ol suoli material,

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"withdrawing` the distillate in one direction troni the ooliinW charge of such material, until the temperature peaks oil: the mass oit' suoli charge have been elevated above substan tially T500 C., and then, during the oontinnanoe ot the oolringg, passing` vapors in the opposite direction. through the oolting charge and, by such reversely iloiving vapors ooolin@` the hotter regions ot the oolring charge to retard overooliine; thereol, While completing the colone; oit the cooler portions ot the oh arge; substantially as speoilied.

8. ylfhe improvement in the art oi oolring oarbonaoeous material, suoli as coal, which consists in applying' an eatraneouslydeveloued oolrinn' heatto a mass ol suoli material,4

withdrawing the distillate in one direction trom the oolringr charge ol such material, until the distillation of the mass el such charge has been in greater part completed, and then,` during; the oontinuanoe ol the colring, pase'- inn` a iniizture` ot distillate and steam in the opposite direction through the oolring; charge and thereby voeling; the hotter regions oit the oolringg` charge tof retard oveioolringI thereof, While oomfeletini the oolring1 of the cooler portions et the charge; substantially as specified.

9. ln a colring' retort ovein in combina tion: a colring chamber lor receiving; a charge et material such as coal to be oolred,

iras ott-taire means at the bottom ot said colrinu; chamber, and means ttor forming and establishinga in the bottom ot the charge introduoed into such eolringl chamber a gas onttlovv channel in registry with said gas ott-take means., substantially as specified.

l0. ln a oolringI retort oven, in combinau tion: a colzinpj chamber, heatingI Walls oonu tiguous to said oolringr ohamber for supplying an extraneously-develoned ooliing heat to a mass ot oarbonaceous material, such as coal, within said oolring chamber, distillate outflow means at the top otn said oolringn ohatnber, distillate outilorv means atthe bot torn oi said roliing ohainber, and means for vwithdrawing distillate `trom said ooking tion: a oolring chamber, heating walls oontigueus to said heating chamber for supplyingofitraneously-developed ooliing heat to a mass oi? oarbonaoeous material, such as coal, Within said colting chamber, distillate outliow means at the top ot' said Coking chamber, distillate outilovv means at the bottoni oi said ooliing,n chamber, means for Withdravving distillate trom said oolring chamber through either ot said outdovv means, and means tor injecting` steam into said coking` @bamberg substantially as specified.

l2. ln a eolring retort oven, in combina` tion: a colring chamber, heating Walls oon-y tigguous to said ooking chamber for supplying an extraneously-developed oolrmg neat to a mass ot' oarbonaceous material, suoh as coal, within said Coking chamber, distillate outflow means at the top ol' said colring ohainber, distillate outflow means at the bottom of said Cokin@` chamber, means for Withdrawing distillate 'from said ooking chamber through either of said outdow means` and means, located at the top ot the coldng Chamber, lor injecting steam into said coliing;n chamber, substantially as specified.

i3. Vlhe improvement in the art of ooliing oarbonaoeous material, such as coal, Wliieh oonsists in applying extraneouslylevelopod oolrinp; heat to a mass et such material, Withdrawing the distillate in one direction from the oolring charge of such material, and, when the outside surfaces of the ooling charge have been elevated above substantially 750 C., and during the continuance ot the ooking, withdrawing the distillate in the opposite direction `trom the oolring charge and, by such reversal in flow of the distillate through the oolring charge, completing the ooliing ot the mass oli' such charge Without over-eoliing et the outside surfaces thereof; substantially as specied.

ll.. The improvement in the art et oolringl oarbonaoeous material, such as coal, which consists in applying an eiitraneously-developed colring heat to a mass olf suoli material, withdrawing the distillate in one direction from the colring charge oit suoli material and, when the outside surfaces et the ooliing charge have been elevated above substantially 750 C. and during the continuance ot the ooliingr, passingh vapors in the opposite direction through the oolring charge and, by such reversely flowing vapors, completing1 the ookino; ot the charge Without over-colting;1 of the outer surfaces thereof; substantially as speoilied..

HElNltlUl-l KOPPERS

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