US1369274A - Spark-plug - Google Patents
Spark-plug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1369274A US1369274A US236933A US23693318A US1369274A US 1369274 A US1369274 A US 1369274A US 236933 A US236933 A US 236933A US 23693318 A US23693318 A US 23693318A US 1369274 A US1369274 A US 1369274A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- spark
- metallic
- plug
- clay
- zirconium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052572 stoneware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100035683 Axin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101700047552 Axin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000007156 Resistin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010047909 Resistin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N medroxyprogesterone acetate Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@](OC(C)=O)(C(C)=O)CC[C@H]21 PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/36—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by the joint between insulation and body, e.g. using cement
Definitions
- M invention relates generally to electrical ignition devices for internal combustion engines and more particularly to the detachable portion forming part of the wall of the inclosed space within which the ex plosion of the fuel mixture is produced by the discharge of a high tension current across the are formed between the terminals of a lurality of conducting electrodes.
- This detachable portion 1 commonly called a spark plug usually carries two metallic terminals 2 and 3 with one of the conducting metallic electrodes extending entirely therethrough and a non-metallic insulating means 4 formi a portion of the wall and extending entirely therethrough from the inside to the outside of the combustion space. V.
- Figure 1 is the vertical section view through this improved spark pin and Fig. 2 is'the vertical section iough'the insulator.
- the conducting electrode extending through the plug as well as the conductin parts connecting with the opposlte terminal may be made of any suitable metallic substance as most of the metals now commonly used in spark plugs have suflicient mechanb a that zirconium end and zirconium silicate when constituting from 50 to 90% of the mass forms a ceramic structure having properties which produce an insulating non-metallic structure that has more suite 1e physical characteristics and desirable properties than any other of the ceramic materials such as. stoneware, china and'porcelain heretofore known or used in spark plugs.
- Zirconia Zirconia (ZrO zirconium oxid has been well known for man years having been used lar ely in incan escent, mantles of the earl elsbach type and their immediate pre ecessors. It was next largely used as a substitute for the lime structure in oxyhydrogen or calcium light and its fire resisting properties are well known.
- zirconia formed an important constituent in the structure of the glower in the Nernst lamp might lead to the assumption that it would be unsuitable for use as a heat resistin insulating structure for spark plugs but have found by numerous tests within the last two years that it forms a more desirable constituent of a body for a spark plug insulator than any other of the numerous oxids of other compounds with which I have experimented and that it can be substituted with great improvement for china clay, feldspar, silica, magnesium silicate and other constituents heretofore em loyed in stoneware, china or porcelain insu ators.
- a moist granulated zirconium mass con taining as ittle as 5% of clay and about 12% of water can be placed in a closely fitting steel die and s'ub ected to a pressure of from 5 to 8,000 pounds to the square inch and formed into a structure that will shrink which may be fired to any hi h temperature available without danger o undue fusing or shrinkage.
- a spark plu having metallic conducting electrodes an non-metallic wall forming and 'insulatin means consistin of a ceramic structure ormed from plastlc clay and zirconium com ounds.
- a spark plug aving metallic conducting electrodes and non-metallic wall forming and insulating means comprising a ceramic structure consisting of zirconia compounds and a clay binder.
- a spark plu having metallic conducting electrodes an non-metallic wall forming an insulating means consisting of a ceramic structure containing clay and zir conium compounds.
- an insulator for spark plugs comprising a ceramic structure of clay containing zirconia compounds in varKing proportions.
Landscapes
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Description
A. M. FAIRCHILD.
SPARK PLUG.
APPLICATION FILEE MAY 2?. ma.
Patented Feb. 22, 1921.
UNITED s'rA'rss PATENT OFFICE.
ALICE HAUDE FAIBOHILD, O1! CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOB TO CHARLES K. HARDING, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
SPARK-PLUG.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Feb. 22. 1921.
Application filed Kay 27, 1918. Serlu 80. 236,983.
To allwhom it may concern: 4
Be it known that I, Amen MAUDE F AIR- omu), a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illmois, have made certain new and useful Improvements in Spark-Plugs, of which the followlng specification is such a full, clear, and exact description as will enable others skilled in this art and the other arts to which this art most nearly appertains to make and use the same.
The accompanying drawings show a spark plug illustrative of the type of apparatus which forms the subject of my invention.
M invention relates generally to electrical ignition devices for internal combustion engines and more particularly to the detachable portion forming part of the wall of the inclosed space within which the ex plosion of the fuel mixture is produced by the discharge of a high tension current across the are formed between the terminals of a lurality of conducting electrodes.
This detachable portion 1 commonly called a spark plug usually carries two metallic terminals 2 and 3 with one of the conducting metallic electrodes extending entirely therethrough and a non-metallic insulating means 4 formi a portion of the wall and extending entirely therethrough from the inside to the outside of the combustion space. V.
Figure 1 is the vertical section view through this improved spark pin and Fig. 2 is'the vertical section iough'the insulator.
The conducting electrode extending through the plug as well as the conductin parts connecting with the opposlte terminal may be made of any suitable metallic substance as most of the metals now commonly used in spark plugs have suflicient mechanb a that zirconium end and zirconium silicate when constituting from 50 to 90% of the mass forms a ceramic structure having properties which produce an insulating non-metallic structure that has more suite 1e physical characteristics and desirable properties than any other of the ceramic materials such as. stoneware, china and'porcelain heretofore known or used in spark plugs.
Zirconia (ZrO zirconium oxid has been well known for man years having been used lar ely in incan escent, mantles of the earl elsbach type and their immediate pre ecessors. It was next largely used as a substitute for the lime structure in oxyhydrogen or calcium light and its fire resisting properties are well known.
The fact that zirconia formed an important constituent in the structure of the glower in the Nernst lamp might lead to the assumption that it would be unsuitable for use as a heat resistin insulating structure for spark plugs but have found by numerous tests within the last two years that it forms a more desirable constituent of a body for a spark plug insulator than any other of the numerous oxids of other compounds with which I have experimented and that it can be substituted with great improvement for china clay, feldspar, silica, magnesium silicate and other constituents heretofore em loyed in stoneware, china or porcelain insu ators.
Of the various processes for forming earthen ware structures those dependin on water shrinkage such as forming on a w eel or shaping in a plaster Paris mold or castlng a thin slip can not be employed where large quantities of zirconia is used on account of its lack of the pro erties characteristic of clay, that is, capi lary shrinkage into a hard compact mass but structures containing a large quantity of finely ground zirconium silicate such as the mineral zircon or finely ground baddeleyite a natural ore containing a high percentage of zirconium oxid with from 5 to 15% plastic clay can be readil formed into quite intricate shapes by w at is known as the dry formmg process frequently described as pressing a moist dust into steel molds.
A moist granulated zirconium mass con taining as ittle as 5% of clay and about 12% of water can be placed in a closely fitting steel die and s'ub ected to a pressure of from 5 to 8,000 pounds to the square inch and formed into a structure that will shrink which may be fired to any hi h temperature available without danger o undue fusing or shrinkage.
Havin now fully described my invention what I c aim is 1. A spark plu having metallic conducting electrodes an non-metallic wall forming and 'insulatin means consistin of a ceramic structure ormed from plastlc clay and zirconium com ounds.
2. A spark plug aving metallic conducting electrodes and non-metallic wall forming and insulating means comprising a ceramic structure consisting of zirconia compounds and a clay binder.
3. A spark plu having metallic conducting electrodes an non-metallic wall forming an insulating means consisting of a ceramic structure containing clay and zir conium compounds.
4. As a new article manufactured, an insulator for spark plugs comprising a ceramic structure of clay containing zirconia compounds in varKing proportions.
In testimony w ereof I have signed this s ecification at .Chica o, in the'county of 00k and State of IllIIlOiS, this 29 day of May, 1917.
ALICE MAUDE FAIRCHILD.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US236933A US1369274A (en) | 1918-05-27 | 1918-05-27 | Spark-plug |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US236933A US1369274A (en) | 1918-05-27 | 1918-05-27 | Spark-plug |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1369274A true US1369274A (en) | 1921-02-22 |
Family
ID=22891605
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US236933A Expired - Lifetime US1369274A (en) | 1918-05-27 | 1918-05-27 | Spark-plug |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1369274A (en) |
-
1918
- 1918-05-27 US US236933A patent/US1369274A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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