US1366707A - Air-cooled engine - Google Patents

Air-cooled engine Download PDF

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US1366707A
US1366707A US315759A US31575919A US1366707A US 1366707 A US1366707 A US 1366707A US 315759 A US315759 A US 315759A US 31575919 A US31575919 A US 31575919A US 1366707 A US1366707 A US 1366707A
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cylinder
air
exhaust
ports
grooves
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Sinclair Alfred Charles
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SINCLAIR MOTOR CO Inc
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SINCLAIR MOTOR CO Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
    • F01L7/08—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with conically or frusto-conically shaped valves

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  • My present invention is especially intended to be used in the type of engines set forth in my co-pending application Ser. No. 184,6 13, filed August 6, 1917 but in its broader aspects it is not limited to that type of engine.
  • Figure 1 is a vertical central section through one cylinder and crank-case section of an internal combustion engine embodying my invention
  • Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
  • the engine may have any number of cylinders, of which only one is shown in the drawings.
  • the cylinder is a cast-iron cylinder 10, provided externally save at the points where the various ports and their connections are located with a circumferential series of longitudinal grooves 11.
  • Fitting tightly on this cylinder 10 is a jacket 12, preferably of aluminum because of its lightness and ease in machining and. also because of its high heat conductivity.
  • the aluminum jacket 12 bears against the cylinder at the points between the grooves 11; but such grooves are air passages through which'cooling air travels as hereinafter explained, to cool the cylinder 10.
  • the jacket 12 is provided with circumferential flanges 13, for radiating the heat which the jacket receives from the cylinder 11.
  • the cylinder is cooled both by the heat radiation from the flanges 12 and also by the absorption of heat by the air which passes through the grooves 11.
  • valve seat member 15 At the top of the cylinder. 10 is a valve seat member 15, which is also'surrounded by the jacket 12.
  • This valve-seat member is provided 'with an intake space 16,.wh1ch receives the explosive mixture from any suitable source, and'with an exhaust space 17, which receives the gas forced out of the engine cylinder on the up-stroke of the associated piston 18.
  • the gas forced out of the cylinder at this time is almost wholly air, because of the scavenging action which will be explained later; and this air cools the walls of the cylinder 10 effectively from the inside.
  • the exhaust space 17 is connected, by suitable grooves 19 on the inside of the acket 12, with the upper ends of the grooves 11 in the exterior of the cylinder 10,
  • the grooves 11 are separate in the upper and lower parts of the cylinder.
  • the lower ends of those in the upper part lead into a circumferential passageway 20 formed in the jacket 12, which continuous circulation of air through such lower grooves, the air entering through the openings 23, being heated in and passing through the lower grooves 11 and cooling the cylinder in its passage, and escaping through the atmosphere through the opening 22.
  • the valve-seat member 15 is provided with suitable ports communicating with the intake space 16 and exhaust space 17. With this valve-seat member cooperates an oscillating valve 25, which is provided with ports 26 which by the oscillation of such valve in any suitable manner may be moved into registry with the ports from the intake space 16 during the intake period of the engine, and into registry'with the ports leading to the exhaust space 17 during the ex haust period of the engine, and out of registry with both sets of ports during the compression and explosion periods.
  • the cylinder 10 is provided in its side walls with one or more supplemental exhaust ports 27 which communicate with the exhaust opening 21 and are uncovered by the piston 18 at the lower end of the piston stroke, to allow the burned gases from the explosion to escape from the cylinder when such ports are uncovered.
  • the cylinder 10 is also providedi on the opposite side from the supplementa exhaust ports 27, with one or more scavenging air-inlet ports 28, for admitting scavenging air into the cylinder shortly after the supplemental exhaust ports 27 are first uncovered by the piston.
  • the scavenging air thus admitted through the ports 28 sweeps out from the inside of the cylinder the bulk of the burned gases which are in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, so that such burned gases are replaced by the fresh scavenging air; and when the piston 18 moves upward on its exhaust stroke it is thus practically nothing but this displacing scavenging air which is forced out through the ports 26 and into the exhaust space 17 and therefrom through the grooves 11 between the cylinder 10 and its jacket 12.
  • crankcase compression preferably in the manner set forth in my aforesaid co-pending application.
  • a rotating valve 30 is suitably operated to admit air into the crank-case section 31 whenever the piston moves upward, on its compression and exhaust strokes, and to allow such'air to pass from the crank-case section 31 to the ports 28 of the cylinder 10, or of an associated cylinder in which the piston is moving correspondingly but at the exactly opposite'point from the c cle, when the piston'is moving downwar on its explosion and intake strokes.
  • Thi is fully explained in my aforesaid co-pending application.
  • valves 25 and 30 are operated 1n any suitable manner. As shown, the valve 30 is driven by suitable gearing from the crank shaft 32 at half the speed of rotation of the crank shaft, so that it makes one rotation for each engine cycle; the crank shaft 32 is connected to the piston 18 by the usual connecting rod 33.
  • the valve 25 is operated,
  • a cylinder In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a metal jacket fittingon said cylinder, the abutting surface of one of said parts where it fits against the other being provided with longitudinal grooves, and connections to said grooves for causing a circulation of air through them in parallel and through the cylinder in series with the grooves, said jacket being provided with heat-radiating flanges.
  • a cylinder having intake and exhaust ports, and a metal jacket fitting on said cylinder, the abutting surface of one of said parts where it fits against the other being provided with longitudinal grooves, said grooves having openings to the atmosphere at points of different heights and separated from the cylinder exhaust port so that by the heating effect of the cylinder on the air in such grooves there is a natural circulation of air throu h the grooves.
  • a cylinder In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a metal jacket fitting on said cylinder, the abutting surface of one of said parts where it fits against the other being provided with grooves, means associated with said cylinder for displacing by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, and a valved port by which said scavenging air when forced out of said cylinder is conducted through said rooves.
  • a cylinder and'a piston said cylinder being provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinal passageways in its walls, and means for causing a circulation of air through said passageways in parallel and through the cylinder.
  • a cylinder and a piston said cylinder being provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinal passageways in its walls means associated with said cylinder for displacing by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, and a valved port by which such scavenging air when forced out of said cylinder is conducted through said passageways in parallel.
  • a cylinder and piston said cylinder being provided with main intake and exhaust ports which are open during the intake and exhaust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder walls being provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinal passageways which are connected with the main exhaust port when it is open so that the gases discharged from the cylinder during the exhaust period are forced through such passageways in parallel.
  • a cylinder and piston said cylinder being provided with main intake and exhaust ports which are open during the intake and ex haust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder being provided with longitudinal external grooves, and a metal jacket fitting over said cylinder and making longitudinal passageways of said external grooves, and said passageways being provided with, connections to the main exhaust port so. that when said main exhaust port is open the gases expelled from the cylinder are forced through said passageways.
  • a cylinder and piston said cylinder beingprovided with main intake and exhaust ports which are open during the intake and exhaust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder'being provided with longitudinal external grooves, and a metal jacket fitting over said cylinder and making longitudinal passageways of said external grooves, and
  • said passageways being provided with connect-ions to the main exhaust port so that when said main exhaust ort is open the gases expelled from the cy inder are foroed through said passageways, said jacket being of high-heat-conductivity metal and being provided with external heat-radiating flanges.
  • a cylinder and piston said cylinder being provided with main intake and exhaust ports which are open during the intake and exhaust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder being provided with longitudi' nal external grooves, and a metal jacket fitting over said cylinder and making longitudinal passageways of said external grooves, and said passageways being provided with connections to the main exhaust port so that when said main exhaust port is open the gases expelled from the cylinder are forced through said passageways, said jacket being .of high-heart-conductivity metal.
  • said cylinder being provided with main intake and exhaust. ports which are open during the intake and exhaust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder being provided with longitudinal external grooves, and a metal jacket fitting over said cylinder and making longitudinal passageways of said external grooves, and said passageways being provided with connections to the main exhaust port so that when said main exhaust port is open the gases expelled from the cylinder are forced through said passageways, said jacket being provided with external heatradiating'fianges.
  • a cylinder and piston In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and piston; said cylinder being provided with main intake and exhaust ports which are open during the intake and exhaust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out b scavenging air the burned gases in the cy inder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder walls being provided with a plurality of circumierentially spaced longitudinal passageways which are connected with the main exhaust port when. it is open so that the gases discharged from the cylinder during the exhaust period are forced through such passageways in parallel, said supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air in let ports being located in the cylinder walls so that they are covered and uncovered by the piston movement and are uncovered at the end of the explosion period.
  • said cylinder being provided with main intake and exhaust ports which are open during the intake and exhaust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out by scavenging air the burned gases in the cyl inder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder being provided with longitudinal external grooves, and a metal acket fitting over said cylinder and making longitudinal passageways of said external grooves, and said passageways being provided with connections to the main exhaust port so that when said main exhaust port is open the gases expelled from the cylinder are forced through said passageways, said supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports being located in the cylinder walls I so that they are covered and uncovered by the piston movement and are uncovered at the end of the explosion period,
  • a cylinder and a piston said cylinder being provided with a plurality of spaced passageways in its walls, and means associated with said cylinder for displacing by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, said passageways being so connected with the cylinder that when scavenging air is forced out of the cylinder it passes through such passageways in parallel.

Description

A. C. SINCLAIR.
AIR CYOOLED ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED Aus.e.19|9.
Patented Jan. 25, 1921.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ALFRED CHARLES SINCLAIR, OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, AS SIGNOR T0 SINCLAIR v MOTOR 00., INC., OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, A CORPORATION OF LOUISIANA.
AIR-COOLED ENGINE.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Jan. 25, 1921.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that L'Anrnnn C. SINCLAIR, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, have invented a new and useful Air-Cooled Engine, of which the following is a specification.
It is the object of my invention to cool internal combustion engines efficiently by air, and especially by air which is also used for scavenging and internal cooling.
My present invention is especially intended to be used in the type of engines set forth in my co-pending application Ser. No. 184,6 13, filed August 6, 1917 but in its broader aspects it is not limited to that type of engine.
The accompanying drawings illustrate my invention: Figure 1 is a vertical central section through one cylinder and crank-case section of an internal combustion engine embodying my invention; and Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. I
The engine may have any number of cylinders, of which only one is shown in the drawings. The cylinder is a cast-iron cylinder 10, provided externally save at the points where the various ports and their connections are located with a circumferential series of longitudinal grooves 11. Fitting tightly on this cylinder 10 is a jacket 12, preferably of aluminum because of its lightness and ease in machining and. also because of its high heat conductivity. The aluminum jacket 12 bears against the cylinder at the points between the grooves 11; but such grooves are air passages through which'cooling air travels as hereinafter explained, to cool the cylinder 10. The jacket 12 is provided with circumferential flanges 13, for radiating the heat which the jacket receives from the cylinder 11. Thus the cylinder is cooled both by the heat radiation from the flanges 12 and also by the absorption of heat by the air which passes through the grooves 11.
At the top of the cylinder. 10 is a valve seat member 15, which is also'surrounded by the jacket 12. This valve-seat member is provided 'with an intake space 16,.wh1ch receives the explosive mixture from any suitable source, and'with an exhaust space 17, which receives the gas forced out of the engine cylinder on the up-stroke of the associated piston 18. The gas forced out of the cylinder at this time is almost wholly air, because of the scavenging action which will be explained later; and this air cools the walls of the cylinder 10 effectively from the inside. The exhaust space 17 is connected, by suitable grooves 19 on the inside of the acket 12, with the upper ends of the grooves 11 in the exterior of the cylinder 10,
so that the air which is discharged into the exhaust space 17 is carried down through the grooves 19 and 11. The grooves 11 are separate in the upper and lower parts of the cylinder. The lower ends of those in the upper part lead into a circumferential passageway 20 formed in the jacket 12, which continuous circulation of air through such lower grooves, the air entering through the openings 23, being heated in and passing through the lower grooves 11 and cooling the cylinder in its passage, and escaping through the atmosphere through the opening 22.
The valve-seat member 15 is provided with suitable ports communicating with the intake space 16 and exhaust space 17. With this valve-seat member cooperates an oscillating valve 25, which is provided with ports 26 which by the oscillation of such valve in any suitable manner may be moved into registry with the ports from the intake space 16 during the intake period of the engine, and into registry'with the ports leading to the exhaust space 17 during the ex haust period of the engine, and out of registry with both sets of ports during the compression and explosion periods. The cylinder 10 is provided in its side walls with one or more supplemental exhaust ports 27 which communicate with the exhaust opening 21 and are uncovered by the piston 18 at the lower end of the piston stroke, to allow the burned gases from the explosion to escape from the cylinder when such ports are uncovered. The cylinder 10 is also providedi on the opposite side from the supplementa exhaust ports 27, with one or more scavenging air-inlet ports 28, for admitting scavenging air into the cylinder shortly after the supplemental exhaust ports 27 are first uncovered by the piston. The scavenging air thus admitted through the ports 28 sweeps out from the inside of the cylinder the bulk of the burned gases which are in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, so that such burned gases are replaced by the fresh scavenging air; and when the piston 18 moves upward on its exhaust stroke it is thus practically nothing but this displacing scavenging air which is forced out through the ports 26 and into the exhaust space 17 and therefrom through the grooves 11 between the cylinder 10 and its jacket 12.
The scavenging air supplied through the ports 28 is obtained by crankcase compression, preferably in the manner set forth in my aforesaid co-pending application. A rotating valve 30 is suitably operated to admit air into the crank-case section 31 whenever the piston moves upward, on its compression and exhaust strokes, and to allow such'air to pass from the crank-case section 31 to the ports 28 of the cylinder 10, or of an associated cylinder in which the piston is moving correspondingly but at the exactly opposite'point from the c cle, when the piston'is moving downwar on its explosion and intake strokes. Thi is fully explained in my aforesaid co-pending application. When the piston 18 uncovers the ports 28 at the end of its explosion stroke, the air from the crank-case section 31 as well as the air from the crank-case section of the cylinder which is at the diametrically opposite point in the cycle is admltted through the valve 30 and such scavenging air ports 28 into the cylinder 10, to sweep'out the burned gases through the supplemental exhaust ports 27 and displace such burned gases with fresh air.- This fresh air, as stated, cools the cylinder walls 10 from the inside during the exhaust stroke of the piston, and when itis forced out through the ports 26 it passes into the exhaust space 17 of the valve-seat member and thence through the grooves 12 in parallel to cool. the cylinder walls from the outside.
The valves 25 and 30 are operated 1n any suitable manner. As shown, the valve 30 is driven by suitable gearing from the crank shaft 32 at half the speed of rotation of the crank shaft, so that it makes one rotation for each engine cycle; the crank shaft 32 is connected to the piston 18 by the usual connecting rod 33. The valve 25 is operated,
Lesa-rev as for instance by the mechanism set forth in my aforesaid co-pending application, so that it is stationary during the compression and explosion periods of the engine and then has its ports 26 out of registry with both the intake and exhaust ports of the valve-seat member, and so that it is moved only during the intake and exhaust periods, during which periods it is not under pressure from within the cylinder.
I claim as my invention:
1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a metal jacket fittingon said cylinder, the abutting surface of one of said parts where it fits against the other being provided with longitudinal grooves, and connections to said grooves for causing a circulation of air through them in parallel and through the cylinder in series with the grooves, said jacket being provided with heat-radiating flanges.
2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having intake and exhaust ports, and a metal jacket fitting on said cylinder, the abutting surface of one of said parts where it fits against the other being provided with longitudinal grooves, said grooves having openings to the atmosphere at points of different heights and separated from the cylinder exhaust port so that by the heating effect of the cylinder on the air in such grooves there is a natural circulation of air throu h the grooves.
3. l ii an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a metal acket fitting on said cylinder, the abutting surface of one of said parts where it fits against the other bein provided with longitudinal grooves, an connections to said grooves for causing a circulation of air through them in paralleland through the cylinder in series with the grooves.
4. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a metal jacket fitting on said cylinder, the abutting surface of one of said parts where it fits against the other being provided with grooves, means associated with said cylinder for displacing by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, and a valved port by which said scavenging air when forced out of said cylinder is conducted through said rooves.
5. ii an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and a piston, said cylinder being provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinal passageways in its walls, and means for causing a circulation of air through said passageways in parallel and through the cylinder in series with the grooves.
6. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and'a piston, said cylinder being provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinal passageways in its walls, and means for causing a circulation of air through said passageways in parallel and through the cylinder.
7. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and a piston, said cylinder being provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinal passageways in its walls means associated with said cylinder for displacing by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, and a valved port by which such scavenging air when forced out of said cylinder is conducted through said passageways in parallel.
8. .In air-internal combustion engine, a cylinder and piston, said cylinder being provided with main intake and exhaust ports which are open during the intake and exhaust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder walls being provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinal passageways which are connected with the main exhaust port when it is open so that the gases discharged from the cylinder during the exhaust period are forced through such passageways in parallel.
9. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and piston, said cylinder being provided with main intake and exhaust ports which are open during the intake and ex haust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder being provided with longitudinal external grooves, and a metal jacket fitting over said cylinder and making longitudinal passageways of said external grooves, and said passageways being provided with, connections to the main exhaust port so. that when said main exhaust port is open the gases expelled from the cylinder are forced through said passageways.
10. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and piston, said cylinder beingprovided with main intake and exhaust ports which are open during the intake and exhaust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder'being provided with longitudinal external grooves, and a metal jacket fitting over said cylinder and making longitudinal passageways of said external grooves, and
said passageways being provided with connect-ions to the main exhaust port so that when said main exhaust ort is open the gases expelled from the cy inder are foroed through said passageways, said jacket being of high-heat-conductivity metal and being provided with external heat-radiating flanges.
11. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and piston, said cylinder being provided with main intake and exhaust ports which are open during the intake and exhaust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder being provided with longitudi' nal external grooves, and a metal jacket fitting over said cylinder and making longitudinal passageways of said external grooves, and said passageways being provided with connections to the main exhaust port so that when said main exhaust port is open the gases expelled from the cylinder are forced through said passageways, said jacket being .of high-heart-conductivity metal.
12. In an internal combustion engine, a
cylinder and piston, said cylinder being provided with main intake and exhaust. ports which are open during the intake and exhaust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder being provided with longitudinal external grooves, and a metal jacket fitting over said cylinder and making longitudinal passageways of said external grooves, and said passageways being provided with connections to the main exhaust port so that when said main exhaust port is open the gases expelled from the cylinder are forced through said passageways, said jacket being provided with external heatradiating'fianges. r
13. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and piston; said cylinder being provided with main intake and exhaust ports which are open during the intake and exhaust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out b scavenging air the burned gases in the cy inder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder walls being provided with a plurality of circumierentially spaced longitudinal passageways which are connected with the main exhaust port when. it is open so that the gases discharged from the cylinder during the exhaust period are forced through such passageways in parallel, said supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air in let ports being located in the cylinder walls so that they are covered and uncovered by the piston movement and are uncovered at the end of the explosion period.
14:. In an internal combustion engine, a
cylinder and piston, said cylinder being provided with main intake and exhaust ports which are open during the intake and exhaust periods of the engine and with supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports which are opened to sweep out by scavenging air the burned gases in the cyl inder at the end of the explosion period, said cylinder being provided with longitudinal external grooves, and a metal acket fitting over said cylinder and making longitudinal passageways of said external grooves, and said passageways being provided with connections to the main exhaust port so that when said main exhaust port is open the gases expelled from the cylinder are forced through said passageways, said supplemental exhaust and scavenging-air inlet ports being located in the cylinder walls I so that they are covered and uncovered by the piston movement and are uncovered at the end of the explosion period,
15. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and a piston, said cylinder being provided with a plurality of spaced passageways in its walls, and means associated with said cylinder for displacing by scavenging air the burned gases in the cylinder at the end of the explosion period, said passageways being so connected with the cylinder that when scavenging air is forced out of the cylinder it passes through such passageways in parallel. 1
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand at New Orleans, Louisiana, this first day of August, A. D. one thousand nine hundred and nineteen.
ALFRED CHARLES SINCLAIR.
US315759A 1919-08-06 1919-08-06 Air-cooled engine Expired - Lifetime US1366707A (en)

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