US1354299A

US1354299A - Sound-direction indicator

Info

Publication number: US1354299A
Application number: US282651A
Authority: US
Inventors: William S Hogg
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1919-03-14
Filing date: 1919-03-14
Publication date: 1920-09-28
Anticipated expiration: 1937-09-28

Description

W. S. HOGG.

SOUND DIRECTION INDICATOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. l 4| 1919.

Patented Sept. 28, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

W. S. HOGG.

SOUND DIRECTION INDICATOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 14. I919.

1,354,299, PatentedSept. 28,1920.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

y E] wue n-toz UNITE STATES PATENT QFFHCE.

SOUND-DIRECTION INDICATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept. 28, 1920.

"iijiineation filed March 14, 1919. Serial No. 282,651.

To all whom it may Be it known that WILLIAM SrE'rsoN Hose, a citizen of. th nitedStates, residing at Zashingto u in hPDistrict of Columbia, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements ii -gound-lpirection Indicators; and I hereb that the following is a full, clearj-andiexact description thereof, reference bein" J adto the accompanying drawings, whiclrjfQr-m part of this specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for ascertaining the source, character and direction of sounds transmitted through air, earth or water.

Its object is to provide a simple and eifii-ient apparatus for determining the direction of submarines, submarine bells or fog whistles. It is a means of so ascertaining, that is independent of the strength of sound received in either ear.

The apparatus in its simplest form com-- properly proportioned, but the drawings only show embodiments of the invention, the principles of which, when onceunderstood, can be varied in many mechanical forms, while retaining the essentials of the invention, and I refer to the claims following the description for summaries of the essentials of the invention and certain novel features of construction and arrangement of parts for all of which protection is desired.

Figure 1 represents the simplest mechanical form of the apparatus that can be held in the hand.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of Fig. 1 illustrating the electrical connections and parts diagrammatically, and also indicating in dotted lines one of the adjustments of th tuning member.

. Figs. 3 and 4 are views illustrating one method of mounting the instrument on hoard ship, using the handle as a support.

In this form the handle acts as a material communication of sound vibrations and the receptive element to reinforce the sound va riations.

The first essential element of the invention, the sound wave receiver, to be used in the air, may be shaped like a horn, a shallow box or parabolic reflector. There are many other shapes and the only essential is that they should be thin and of resonant material and capable of being vibrated upon the impact of sound waves.

I will hereinafter refer to this element of whatever shape, as the sound wave receiver, even though it may act as a resonator for more than one tone, when the reception is through the handle or support.

The horn sound wave receiver shown in Figs. 1 and 2, is of thin brass, with the ends open. The bell mouth is directed toward the source of sound and naturally has a maximum vibration when so directed. It is provided with a handle 2, attached to the small end, and at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the horn. I found that when it was so placed it received the maximum vibrations of the horn imparted to it, and vice versa when it received vibrations, so placed, the maximum strength was both imparted to the horn and tuning element. However, this fact was noted by Savart the French physicist in his experiments on vibrations. It is important, as it shows the method of indicating the direction of sound when communicated through the handlein communication, (material) with a ships side or the ground, the tuning element be ing always at right angles to the source, when the strength of sound is a maximum, the system being tuned to resonance, with sound amplifying devices or microphones situated at loops, or points of maximum rythmic agitation of the carbon granules.

Connected with the sound wave receiver is a tuning element 3, of resonant material, wood or metal. It may be a rod or tube, the law of longitudinal waves holding in both cases. In either case the diameter should be small, about 1} inch for a tube, or less for a rod. If tuned to the fundamental of a horn, the lengths of metal rods are inconveniently long and mechanical arrangements of loops, circles, spirals and the likeare necessary. I have found a brass vibrations per second. bra.

dimensions given inches iong, .,.ve the same tone.

high resistance microphones in multiple.

They can be attached to the arms of a cross piece and movable along the tube or can be inserted in a cylindrical block of wood,

movable along the tube.

The carbon granules, held in minute double cone cavities, with large ends abutting, are thefinest possible, without being dust. Contact is made with solderwplugs for the electric connections, and about 5 volts is necessary to put in microphonic action, 6 microphones.

' To adjust the tuning element, it is clamped at its center with the clamp 5, and the microphones are moved in and out toward the center. If on both arms, as they are in phase, the effect is doubled.

The adjustment of the microphones to the fundamental of the horn is simple, both practically and theoretically, as the sound is loudest when the microphones are at a loop or point of maximum rhythmic agitation of the carbon particles, as the agitation changes the carbon pressure, and the timbre of the soundis brought out distinctly, so

that the nature of the sound can be ascer-' tained, and if a vessel whether surface vessel or submarine.

The receptivity of the instrument can be increased by supporting the sound wave receiver by means of the handle upon the ships rail, or upon a heavy maple sounding board inside the hull'beneath the water line, the board being secured to. the frames at right angles. .This method is not shown in the drawings. In the case shown in Figs. 3 and 4f, the receptive device is shown as mounted on a support 6, pivoted upon a standard 7, journaled in a socket member 8, secured to the ships rail. In either case to lessen vibration, a sound insulating material such as felt 9, should be placed in the socket around the shoulder.

The use of the instrument is simple; move it in arc horizontally, and when the sound is at maximum, the horn is pointing toward the source.

In a com lete working apparatus the sound ampliging members should be connected in series in an electrical circuit inciuding suitable source of electricity s h a battery suitable telephone r en 1: be of desired hind; an audion i, which may he of any suit--- able kind or construction adapted to arm the sound in the well kni'rwn manner. The battery, telephone receiver, and audion, are merely conventionally indicated in Fig. 2 of the drawings, as particular construotion of any of these parts does not form a feature of the present invention; andsuch devices already well known in the arts can be used in connection with the sound detector.

The drawings only conventionally show embodiments of the invention (the principles of which, when once understood, may be varied in mechanical form' and dimensions while retaining the essentials of the invention) and I refer to the following claims for summaries of the essentials of the invention, and of certain novel features of construc- .tion and arrangements of parts, for all of which protection is desired.

What I claim is: -1. In sound detecting apparatus of the character-specified, a sound wave receiver, a

tuning element connected therewith, and a sound amplifier connected with the tuning element.

2. In sound detecting apparatus of the character specified, a sound wave receiver, a tuning element connected therewith and a sound amplifier connected with the tuning element, said amplifier being adjustable relatively to the sound wave receiver.

3. Sound detecting apparatus of the character specified, comprising a sound wave receiver, a tuning element adjustably connected therewith, and a sound amplifier connected with the tuning element and adjustable relatively to the sound wave receiver.

4. In apparatus of the character specified, a sound wave receiver; an adjustable resonant tuning element mounted on the sound wave receiver at right angles thereto; and a microphone connected with the tuning element.

5. In apparatus of the character specified, a sound wave receiver; an adjustable resonant tuning element mounted on the sound wave receiver at right angles thereto; and a support at right angles to both.

6. vibrational sound system, consisting of a sound wave receiver, a handle or support attached thereto at right angles, a tuning element connected therewith at right angles to both the sound wave receiver and handle; and a microphone attached to said tunin element.

I n a sound detecting apparatus of the character specified, a sound wave receiver, a tuning element connected therewith, a sound amplifier connected with the tuning element, a telephone receiver, an electric supply; and connections between the amplifier the electric supply and the telephone recelver. v

8. In a sound detecting apparatus of the character specified; a sound wave receiver, a tuning element connected therewith, a sound amplifier connected with the tuning element and adjustable relatively to the sound wave receiver, a telephone receiver, an electrical supply; and electrical connections between the sound amplifier the electrical supply and the telephone receiver.

9. In a sound detecting apparatus of the character specified; a sound wave receiver; a tuning element connected therewith; a sound amplifier connected with the tuning element and adjustable relatively .to the sound wave receiver; a telephonic receiver;

an audion; an electrical supply; and electrical connections between the sound amplifier, the electrical supply, the audion and the telephone receiver.

10. In apparatus of the character specified; a sound wave receiver; an adjustable tuning element connected therewith at right angles thereto; a microphone connected with the tuning element; an electric supply; a telephone receiver; and electrical connections between the microphone, the supply, and the telephone receiver.

11. In combination a sound wave receiver; a variable resonant sound tuning element connected therewith at right angles thereto; microphones on said tuning element; an electric supply; an audion; a telephone receiver; and electrical connection between the microphones, the supply, the audion and the telephone receiver.

12. In apparatus of the character specified, a sound wave receiver; an adjustable resonant tuning element at right an les thereto, a support at right angles to bot a microphone connected with the tuning element, an electric supply, a telephone receiver; and electrical connections between the microphone, the supply, and the telephone receiver.- j

13. A. vibrationalsound system,- x nsisting of a sound wave receiver; a handle or support therefor; a tuning element connected therewith at right angles to the sound wave receiver; microphones attached to said tuning element; an electrical supply; a telephone receiver; 'a sound amplifier and electrical connections including in circuit the electrical supply, the sound amplifier, microphones and telephone receiver.

14. In combination, a sound wave receiver, a tuning element connected to said receiver at a point of maximum vibration of the material and at right angles to the axis of said sound wave receiver, a support at right angles to both, and microphones adjustably mounted on said tuning element.

15. A vibrational sound detecting apparatus consisting of a sound wave receiver which acts automatically as a resonator of several frequencies, a handle or support attached thereto at right angles to the axis of. the receiver, a tuning element connecte therewith at a-point of maximum vibration of the material of the receiver and at right angles to both the receiver and the handle, and a microphone attached to the said tunin element; together with an electric circuit consisting of batteries and teleplione receiver in circuit with the microphone.

16. A vibrational sound detecting apparatus consisting of a sound wave receiver, a tuning element at right angles to the axis of the receiver, and variable by movement laterally through a point of support which is a point of maximum vibration of the material of the receiver, and a handle at right angles to the tuning element; a telephone receiver, a microphone connected .with the tuning element, an audion, an electrical supply, and electrical connections between the supply, the audion, the microphone and the receiver, substantially as described.

17. In apparatus of the character specified, a sound wave receiver, a resonant tuning element at right angles to the longitudinal axis f, mounted on the receiver and ad'ustable 1n len h, and microphones movable on or attached tothe tuning element.

18. In apparatus of the character specified, a sound wave receiver, an adjustable tuning element attached to or movable at right angles thereto, a microphone in material communication with the tuning element and in circuit with an electric supply and telephone receiver, with electrical connection between the microphone, the supply and telephone receiver.

In testimony that-I claim the foregoing as my own, I aflix 11% si nature.

LfIAM'S. HOGG.