US1348451A - Cylinder for internal-combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

A. J. ROWLEDGE.

CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL COIVIBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED AUG.II. I9I9.

II, 3%8A5 l Patented Aug. 3, E92@ 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ARTI-IUE JOI-IN ROWLEDGE, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNGR T0 NAIIER t SON LIMITED, 0F LONDON, ENGLAND.

CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

iaaasi.

Application filed August 11, 1919.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that l, ARTHUR JOHN Row- Lunes, subject of the King of England, residing at London, in England, have invented ertain new and useful Improvements in Cylinders for Internal-Combustion Engines,

ot' which the following is a specification.

T his invention relates to cylinders for multicylinder internal combustion engines and has for its object to provide a simpler, lighter and cheaper construction of cylinders of the type in which the ca sting which forms the head of the cylinder is detachable and comprises a water jacket for the head and adjacent parts which has no direct connection with the jacket surrounding the body of the cylinder. A construction of this type is embodied in the specification of the present applicants prior application for U. S. Letters Patent Serial No. 261754: liled 8th November 1918 and the present invention mainly constitutes an improvement on that earlier construction.

According to this invention a water jacketed integral casting formed of aluminium or aluminium alloy constitutes the heads of two or more cylinders the valve seats and inlet and exhaust passages being arranged in this casting the underside of which is constructed to make a separable gas tight joint with the ends ofthe cylinders. -The cylinders which are separate are open at both ends and externally flanged at one end to make a gas tight joint with the head casting while at the other ends the cylinders are flanged to engage the crank case. Bolts extend from the crank case to the head casting and serve to secure the casting on the separate cylinders and to keep the latter in place. rlhe casting is preferably recessed so that the combustion space of' each cylinder is formed by and lies within this casting. Each cylinder is madeof, steel and is not only flanged at the one end where the water tight joint is made with the head casting but is also flanged toward the opposite end so that when that end of the cylinder is inserted into the crank case the flange will abut against the crank case. A lesser external flange is also conveniently provided at some intermediate point in the length of each cylinder and to this flange is secured the lower part of a sheet metal casing formcylinder.

Specficaton of Letters Patent. Piilltill hugo 3, i592@- Serial No. 316,624.

ing the water jacket for the body of each jacket casing is secured to the flange at the upper end of the cylinder. Suitable external water passages are arranged between 'the separate cylinder jackets and as the under side of the water s1 ace in the head casting is completely closed the inletsl and outlets for water to and from the head cast? ing and the ackets of the cylinder bodies unite in common delivery and escape passages arranged preferably at the ends olf the group of cylinders. lil desired the cylinders may all be inclosed in a sheet metal casing which will constitute a common jacket for all the cylinders in the group in place ot separate jackets being provided as above mentioned for each cylinder.

rl`he invention may be put into practice in various ways but the accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example a convenient construction which may be adopted. In these drawings, i

Figure l is a vertical sectional elevation ot' one of the cylinders of an internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with this invention. Y

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2 2 in Fig. il looking in the directionot the arrows and is in effect an underside view of the cylinder head when detached.

Fig. 3 is a side view of portion or" an engine having detachable cylinders, part of the structure being shown in elevation and part being shown in section.

Separate steel cylinders A to the required number are provided and each has formed on its exterior and at one end a flange B of suitable width the upper face of which together with the end of the cylinder, which is preferably slightly thickened, is flat to abut against and forni the necessary gas tight joint with the head casting. Toward the other end of the cylinder and at a suit-l able distance from that end is an external `tlange C of substantial dimensions with a flat face adapted to bear against the face of the crank case D around an opening therein through which the end A of the cylinder is passed.y At some point in the length of the cylinder approximately about half way along it is a small external flange E which forms the lower end of the water 'The upper part of this water I manner described in the specification of' theY jacket which incloses the cylinder body. This jacket is constituted by a sheet metal casing ll" conveniently constructed of' aluminium or aluminium alloy or sheet steel the ends of which are permanently connected in some convenient manner to the cylinder flange E and to the flange B at the upper end thereof. Thus each cylinder with its Water jacket can be made up separately, suitable Water inlets and outlets being provided from the sides of tho cylinders and adapted to be contacte-:l togrther as for instance after the prior U. S. patent application Serial No. LGlil above referred to.

The head casting Si' for the Whole of the cylinders in the group is an integral construction of aluminium or aluminium alloy with Water spaces sari-minding the inlet and exhaust passages and the openings in which the valve seats are fitted. P eferably these seatings are formed as sleeves H which are screvved into the openings in the casting but alternatively they may he cast in place or shrunk in. ln the under side of the head fasting are recesses fi each oil. which is of suoli dimensions as to constitute the combustion space of the corresponding cylinder and a Water jacket space J is arranged around this recess. rllhe jacketing is completely closed in at the under part of the head casting and the lower 'face of' this casting is formed to receive the flat ends of the separate cylinders.

The head casting G is connected to the cylinders and the latter kept in place between the casting and the crank case by means of long bolts or studs l which at their lower ends are carried by or pass through the crank case D While their upper ends pass through a flange orrlugs G2 on convenient parts of the head casting Gr the bolts being arranged preferably in pairs between the cylinders and toward the side of the casting. rlie gas tight joint between the head casting and the several cylinders is thus maintained by these bolts and at the same time the latter serve to fix the cylinders in the crank case.

By adopting the above described construction it is possible to manufacture the cylinders cheaper and lighter and moreover good heat conductivity is provided around the combustion spaces of the cylinders. The construction also permits of' the heads of the cylinders being taken off Without necessitating the removal of the cylinders if it is desired to examine the valves.

1W hat I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a multicylinder internal combustion engine the combination of a plurality of separate cylinders each of' which is open at both ends, an external flange formed at one end of each cylinder and adapted to butt up against and make a gas tight joint with a head casting7 an external flange formed toward the opposite end of each cylinder, a Water jacketedintegral casting constituting detachable heads for all the cylinders in the set, valve seats and inlet and exhaust passages for the several cylinders in this head casting the under side of' which is formed so as to make a separable gas tight joint With the :flanged ends of the several cylinders, a crank case with separate openings into each of which one end of a cylinder is `'inserted with the flange adjacent to that end `oi" the cylinder butting up against the crank case, and a plurality of' bolts extend.- ing from the crank case to the detachable head casting and serving to secure this casting on the cylinders and also to keep the cylinders in place, as set forth.

2; ln a multicylinder internal combustion engine the combination of a plurality of separate cylinders each of' which is open at both ends, an Vexternal flange formed at one end of each cylinder and adapted to butt up against and make a gas tight joint with a head casting, an external flange formed toward the opposite end of each cylinder, a sheet metal Water jacket forming a casing which incloses each cylinder separately, a water j acketed integra-l casting constituting detachable heads for all cylinders in the set, recesses corresponding in number to the number of cylinders in theV set and formed in the head casting so to constitute the combustionV space of each cylinder, valve seatsand exhaust passages for the several cylinders in this head casting the under side of which is yformed so as to make a separable gas..tight joint with the flanged ends of the several cylinders, a crank caseV with separate openings into each of which one end of a cylinder is inserted With the flange adjacent to that end of the cylinder butting up against the crank case, and a plurality of' bolts extending Jfrom the crank case to the detachable head casting and'serving to secure this casting on the cylinders and also to keepthe cylinders in place as set forth.

ln testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

ARTHUR JOHN ROVLEDGE.

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