US1342062A - Building - Google Patents

Description

E. G. PERROT.

BUILDlNG.

APPLICATION FILED FEB-18,1918.

1,342,062. PatentedJune1,1920.

J2 wvemtoz FPO:

UNITED STATES EMILE G. PERROT, OF PHILADELPHIA, YENNSYLVANIA.

BUILDING.

Application filed February 18, 1918.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMILE G. Pnnno'r, citizen of the United States, and resident of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Penns lvania, have invented an Improvement in uildings, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has for its main object the construction of buildings, comprising wooden framing and concrete or equivalent outer walls, which will combine strength, dryness, fireproof qualities and economy in cost of construction.

More specifically my obj ect is to provide a construction of building which permits the skeleton or balloon framework under roof to be first erected, including the floor joists and roofing timbers, and thereafter to be coated with an outer covering of concrete or equivalent material and an inner wall covering of lath and plaster, the skeleton frame work providing within itself the essentials of forms for molding the studs or posts and plates of concrete or equivalent material, preferably reinforced, and in which the molded studs or posts are integral with the outer Wall covering of concrete or its equivalent and the plates integrally connecting with the studs or posts. 7

Another object of my invention is to dispense with or avoid the necessity of using removable temporary forms with which to mold or shape the concrete employed in the walls, the studs or posts and plates thereof; and in lieu therefor, employ the wooden studding, not only for receiving and holding the paper or equivalent backing and expanded or open metal work as a support on the outside for the concrete outer wall and also as the equivalent of furring to support the lath and plaster of the inner walls, but also by properly spacing said studs and the providing of ledger boards (so called), to cause them to provide vertical channels of proper width, unsealed at the outside, to be filled with concrete (preferably reinforced) and formed integral with the outer wall covering of concrete and also to provide horizontal channels to receive concrete (preferably reinforced) forming the sills or stringers which are preferably integral with the outer walls and also at intervals along their length with the concrete studs.

My object is further, in a building structure of the character above designated, to provide the skeleton framework with hori- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J une l, 1920.

Serial No. 217,787.

zontal ledger-boards with bottoms attached, said ledger-boards resting upon the wooden studs of the lower floor and supporting the floor joists of the second floor and which, aside from acting as a means of tying the studs and joists together, further act as a mold for receiving the concrete (preferably reinforced) which constitutes concrete plates integral with the vertical concrete studs and extending more or less around the building to tie or bind it together and to reinforce and strengthen the outer walls in a horizontal direction, just as the concrete studs reinforce it in a vertical direction.

My object is further to construct a house having reinforced concrete walls of low first cost and at the same time have it possess the fire-resisting qualities inherent in the conventional house built of brick; and further, to provide a reinforced concrete walled house having a skeleton frame, first employed as a form to shape the house and later as furring for the lath and plaster or party walls of concrete, whereby a dry house may be insured.

My invention also consists of improvements hereinafter described whereby the above objects and results are attained, said improvements comprising certain organiza tion and combination of parts which are fully described hereinafter and more particularly defined in the claims.

For the purpose of illustrating my invention, I have shown in the accompanying drawings the embodiment thereof which is at present preferred by me, since the same is in form to give satisfactory and reliable results, but it is to be understood that the several instrumentalities of which my invention consists, can be variously arranged and organized and that my invention is not limited to the precise arrangement and organization of the instrumentalities herein shown and described.

Referring to the drawings: Figure 1 is a perpsective view, partly in section and partly broken away to show my improved construction of building; Fig. 2 is a sectional-plan view of a portion of my improved building; Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1; .Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view on line yy of Fig. 5 showing the preferred construction of party wall; Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the party wall at the level of the second floor; and Fig. 6 is a vertical section through a side wall of the 7 house and embodying my invention.

2 is the concrete jtoundation and oil? any suitable construction; and 6 are the lower floor joists and rest upon the foundation 2. The wooden studs 3 and. part of sturs 3 are set up on floor oists 6 foundation 2, and assuming tl' ing is to be of a two-story d W then t ie upper ends oi these studs are (a nnccted topairs of studs 3 is subsequently filled with reintl'orced concrete in as shown and more fit the cor ers tlully describe 1 hereinaiit ot the building these stur angles to prorlde a vertical corner noel or recess which is tilled with coiu rete 2). ln this manner the ads are eiu ployed not only studdiuy' in erecting; the skeleton or balloon .lr ain' but also as means to shtpe or mold tr e vertical. or studs of concrete and subseipieuhy act a: i'urring timbers f ,r t 1e walls.

The second floor joists noon the ledger boards with their ends p to a. plane flush with the outer s1 the studs 3, 3. Nailed upon these "(is are the wooden strips or plates ing upon these plates and *irereraory i alineinent with the joists 6 c story studs 8 and 8 which I to correspond to the spa inn; elf the lowuor first story studs 3. 23. l e studs ll are ranged in pairs immediately over the 3 and provide a narrow vertica i which is subsequently tilled with re 1 concrete 8 as a continuation ct th and above re:

between the studs (Fig. l). The studs S or eacl closer together than the at acent (3 and consequently one of these of each pair is continued down a i upon the ledg ger-board 5, as shown ii. Fis 1.

This same arrangement wou -l a so pro ten ably be followed at the level oil floor oists 6, but T do not restrict niyselii in such details. 7 p The te s 0t t ie studs 8 and 8 are aeeured to a ledoer-beard havin the both 9 O which is nailed or otherwise secured the studs. The roof oists rest in notched non tions oi the led ei board 10 and sunno; cthe b l i. roofing 11. of any suitable c .liiC'ilGl'. Tt will be noted in Fig. 6.that the horizontal, s aces between the board 9 and tl e l'CUl ll backed b the led 'er-liioard 14). is filled with reinforced concrete 21 and thereby provides a horizontal concrete 1 around the top of the wall strin weight of the root and also to tie the structure horizontally.

The space formed by the ledger-boars 5 and its bottom at the level of the second floor joists, is filled with reinforced concrete the studs and bottoms at and oi the ledger liioards, but does not extend over the spaces between the pairs oi? studs 2}" and 8 nor orer tl spaces to be iilled with concrete to term the stringers or sills l7 and Pi, will be clearly understood by rence to the drawing. Over this v building i aver L i and over the spaces not covered by the paper is stretched the expanded metal we or neshcd wire layer 13. the ne being nailed in place at 14%;, upon the joist andbottoni boards l and 9 of the ledger-boards, thereby forming a metal mesh o ieninginto the vertical spaces between the pairs of studs and 8 and also into the horizontal spaces formed by the ledger-boards, but close at all other portions (except at the corners the building) by the paper l aching it the corners of the building the lTlQSllGl m tal om the two right augz walls insets t an inclose-zl vertical channel to be subequently filled with concrete at L1 .l he bottoms l: tor the ledger boards while preferably of wood, may be made ct any suitable n'iatcrial as will bolt the concrete in position while setting.

i l hen the studs are thus sheathed on the outside with the bu ilding paper and expand ed. metal or meshed wire the concrete is ap plier, preferably by a gun, or by hand if desired. It is best that the channels to be filled with concrete shall be reiui't'orced with steel rods 16, said. rods wired in position in the usual manner and to the outer ineshed metal 13; there b one or more of such rods to each of the :oncrete ls l8 and. 'lS and horizontal. sills l5 and. El as- PfOifGllfGfl.

The concree is then applied b the use of cement gun an d where the builihnsr l paper is back of the metal inent does not pass into the tween the studs, but builds arou tending from the foundation to the roof, also into the spaces between the studs 3 at the corners of the building to form corner concrete studs or posts 18 extending from the foundation to the roof, and also into the horizontal spaces formed by the ledgerboards at the level of the second floor joists and at the roof to form the horizontal concrete sills or plates 15 and 21 respectively. In this manner, the concrete walls 17 are reinforced by the expanded metal or mesh 13 and are strengthened by the reinforced concrete studs 18 and 18 and the reinforced horizontal sills or stringers 15 and 21, all held together as an integral reinforced structure.

Concrete when applied with a gun is 33 per cent. denser than ordinarily poured concrete and about twice as strong and hence preferable, not only because with a given quantity of material a stronger structure is secured, but also because, for a structure of the same strength less material is required and hence economy is available. But while I prefer the cement to be applied with a gun, this is not always available and therefore my invention is not so restricted and the cement may be applied with a trowel and the sills and studs poured, or otherwise, as found most convenient or de sirable under the conditions prevailing.

In my foregoing description, I have described the construction in regard to the outer walls of the building and this has been more particularly in considering the building as a single house; but in cases where these houses are put up in rows, it then becomes necessary to provide a suitable party wall which shall have fire-proof qualities, and this would not be satisfactorily attained if the lathing and ordinary plaster were used, as indicated at 19. I therefore prefer, where party walls are to be employed, to construct them in the manner indicated in Figs. 4 and 5. In these figures, it will be observed that the general construction is similar to that employed for the outside walls of the building, but with the addition of substituting for the lath and plaster, a duplicate concrete wall of building paper, expanded metal and concrete. These party walls will therefore have two concrete walls 17 connected at intervals by the concrete studs 18 which may be metal reinforced at 16. The wooden studs 3 and 3 are employed as in the outer walls and provide the hollow spaces 20 and at the same time act as furring for supporting the paper 12 and the expanded metal 13 in positionf In the case of the concrete sills or stringers 15 these would be united to' one of the walls 17 and to the vertical concrete studs 18 and through them integrally connected with the other wall 17 which would correspond to the lath and plaster of the outer wall. The floor joists 6 passing from each of the buildings are lapped and each rests upon the ledger board 5 and upon the concrete sills 15 when completed, (Fig. 5).

I have described my improved building as of a two-story character, but it will be understood the same general plan of procedure and construction may be employed where there is only one story to the building or where there are more than two stories, as may be required or desirable. It will also be understood that whether the joists 6 for the upper stories are employed or not, the feature of the concrete sills or stringers 15 may, if desired be employed at intervals between the foundation and roof.

The construction of houses in the manner herein described has particular utility in cases where it is necessary to quickly erect buildings of more or less fire-proof character and from material which is easily available.

The main studs, ledger-boards and plates, which act as a furring in the finished building, are erected in such manner as to not only support the floor joists and rafters,

but also act as forms in conjunction with the expanded or meshed metal for the cementitious envelop which is to be applied, the application thereof being after the entire skeleton or balloon frame of the building has been erected. It will be seen, therefore, that the skeleton frame may constitute part of the furring in a finished building as well as provide forms which remain within and as a part of said finished structure for properly shaping and strengthening the studs, plates and outer wall of cementitious material and to insure the desired pro-determined configuration to be given to the building.

I have described my improvements more particularly for cheap and rapid erection and with the elimination of necessity for skilled labor, but I do not confine myself to the details: for example, while a concrete mixture applied with a gun is most preferable, facilities for such application are not always available and hence the cementitious material may be placed in position by hand, poured or otherwise applied, as found desirable or necessary; the cementitious mate rial may be cement having a body of sand or it may be concrete or any tenacious material of mortar characteristics and I include these when I refer to concrete, cement or cementitious material; also, while the relatively impervious sheathing of building paper back of the meshed metal may be desirable, nevertheless, it may be dispensed with if preferred, as the cementitious wall covering may be back plastered on the in side of the meshed metal before the inner wall or covering is applied; while lath and plaster give a fine finish for the interior, it is manifest that other wall coverings or formed of wood l do not comine myself in whole or in part may be building practice may dictate; 7

when 1 use the term ledger-board l wood, but use it in the generic sense lininga structure for emporary so of floor joists or rafters, irrespective detail structure.

It will now be apparent that l have vised a novel and useful construction which embodies the features of advantage enumerated as desirable, and while Ilia" 7' 1 present instance shown and dose preferred embodiment thereof been found in practice to give and reliable results, it is to be under l that I do not restrict myself the details, as the same are susceptible of modification n various particulars without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention Having now described my invc ion, what I claim as new and desire to secure ly Letters Patent, is

1. In a building of combined cementitious material and frame, the combination of a self supporting skeleton frame including; vertical stucs of wood "anged f ""n close together in pairs and the studs corner of the building arrang d at angles to each other and with their portions relatively closer than their portions, meshed metal extending over 1 outside of the frame of the bulidii across the spaces between the studs, and cementitious material applied and supported. by the meshed metal to form a continuous outer wall and also extending through the meshed metal into the spaces formed between the closely arranged studs of the pairs both in the sides and the corner, whereby vertical studs of ce nentitious material integral with the outer cementitious walls are provided, ie wooden studs first constituting a part of the self supporting and permanent skeleton i and then pr viding a permanent fra within the wall structure of the buih I suitable for furring and also acting the molds when forming the studs of cementitious material.

2. In a building of combined cementitious material and frame, the combination of a self supporting skeleton frame in P vertical studs of wood arra ree relating close together in pairs and tl e studs at the corner of the building ar anejed at right angles to each other and with their inner portions relatively closer than, their outer portions, meshed metal extendin over the out- 1 ,cm "1 side of the fi ame or the curl nd across the spaces betwe in the studs, a "wall coveringsecured upon the inner edges of the studs and closing the spaces between th .11 on the inside of the building, and cementitious ma- "al applied to and supported by the i a continuous outer through the meshed med between the r ooth i; he corner, whereby vertical the sides and stud f cementitious material integral with the citer cementitious walls are orevided,

"1. extending inward to the inner wall covering, the wooden studs first constituting; a part of the self simporting; and permanent skeleton framing and then providing a permanent framing i thin the wall structure of the building suitable for furring and also as the moles hen formi e the studs f ital o *en'ien er V i use ii wood spaced n of sale studs arranged t ie outer sides oftlie i e e i is -,a mesnei i vermp' secured place upon the and over he retaining cov and tending across the spaces bet eon the .osely arranged studs, and cementitious materia". extending through and supported by the meshed metal cover a: leached by the retail inn covering sai "ail ertendino; through the meshed metal covering ,V L

f lling t vertical spaces between the 1 I? 001* H111": a ail Ht l 1Y1: fl

is \ir wv ieirioli rlwli \3 limi bl. v16 l iv the outer wall of the buildi reed by the meshed metal and i h inte ly connected up- 1 i ls cm. it ous i'i'iacer al, the d wooden s uds forming: a )Olt on of the L i i i t 1 initial framing: of the uilding and al con- K AJ irtitutingr furrins' thereof and 'iermanently of cemen retained mold forms for stud titious material.

l. A building, comprisii self-supporting skeleton om foundation to roof am the outside with a wall of te-'al forced by meshed met the outside of the skeleton integral vertical studs aid sills of ceinentitious side, the said sh-le support ti pairs to provide lined verticalv nnld i an s and also including horizontal mold forms, for shaping the said vertical. studs and ho'izontai. sills of ce nentitious material.

in a combined frame and cor e a skeleton f 'anie :incluc' l studs in pairs, 4

, i M i I ooaid anon moi-cl.

formed by the ledger-board and bottom to provide a sill of cementitious material, said studs and S111 lntegrally connecting and also integral with the outer wall of cementitious covering material through the meshed metal.

6. In a combined frame and cement building, a skeleton frame including closely arranged studs in pairs, floor joists and a ledger-board upon which the joists rest, said ledger-board having a suitable bottom to support cementitious material, a relatively impervious covering fastened to the outside of the studs but leaving the spaces between the closely arranged studs of the pairs and in alinement with the ledger-board unobstructed, meshed metal covering the outside of the framing and the impervious covering and extending across the space between the closely arranged studs of the pairs and in front of the ledger-board, and cementitious material extending entirely over the meshed metal and through it, to the impervious covering and also filling the vertical spaces between the closely arranged studs of the pairs to form vertical studs of cementitious material continuous above and below the joists and also filling the space formed by the ledger-board and bottom to provide a sill of cementitious material said studs and sill integrally connecting and also integral with the outer wall of cementitious covering material through the meshed metal, and an inner lining supported by the inner edges of the studs and by the ledger-board, the said studs forming both the fur-ring for the inner lining, a permanent part of the skeleton framing, and also a permanent mold for the studs of cementitious material and similarly the ledger-board constituting a part of the skeleton framing, a portion of the furring and permanent mold for the sill of cementitious material.

7. In a building structure the combination of a skeleton frame including studs, floor joists, and ledger-board structure adjacent to and supporting the second-floor joists and also arranged at the upper ends of the studs, said ledger board structures each provided with a suitable horizontal bottom for supporting cementitious material, a portion of the studs being arranged relatively far apart and a portion arranged in pairs relatively close together, a relatively close covering fastened upon the outer edges of the studs and terminating adjacent to the ledger-board structures and leaving the outer side of the spaces between the closely arranged studs of the pairs and the outer sides of the ledger-board structures exposed, meshed metal arranged entirely over the outside of the studs, ends of the floor joists and ledger-board structures, and hardened cementitious compound forming an outer wall over the meshed metal and up to the relatively close covering and also filling the vertical spaces between the closely arranged studs of the pairs to form vertical continuous studs of cementitious material of approximately the entire height of the building and said cementitious material also filling the spaces formed by the ledgerboard and bottom structures to provide horizontal sills or stringers of cementitious material, said studs and sills of cementitious material integral with each other and with the outside wall, studs of the skeleton-frame and the ledger-board structures constituting a permanent part of the frame structure and also acting as permanently retained mold forms for the cementitious material.

8. A structure for buildings consisting of a permanent self-supporting skeleton frame comprising studs part of which are arranged closely together in pairs, joists, and ledgerboards and extending from foundation to roof, combined with an outer covering of cementitious material supported by the studs, and vertical studs and horizontal sills or stringers also formed of cementitious material and connected with each other and the sills integral with the outer cementitious covering, said cementitious studs and sills being reinforced with metal and permanently combined with and in contact with the closely arranged pairs of studs and ledger-boards of the skeleton frame.

9. A building formed of a permanently combined self-supporting skeleton frame extending from the foundation to the roof,

and integrally united vertical studs and

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