US1337894A - Electrode - Google Patents

Electrode Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US1337894A
US1337894A US366784A US36678420A US1337894A US 1337894 A US1337894 A US 1337894A US 366784 A US366784 A US 366784A US 36678420 A US36678420 A US 36678420A US 1337894 A US1337894 A US 1337894A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
dielectric
current
dielectric material
conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US366784A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James K Forshee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US366784A priority Critical patent/US1337894A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1337894A publication Critical patent/US1337894A/en
Priority to GB16576/20A priority patent/GB160431A/en
Priority to DEF47122D priority patent/DE373797C/de
Priority to FR518757A priority patent/FR518757A/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02Details
    • A61N1/04Electrodes
    • A61N1/06Electrodes for high-frequency therapy

Definitions

  • This invention is an electrode designed for use in connection with high-frequency or high-potential generators, although not limited in this particular.
  • One of the objects of the invention is to provide an electrode in which an electroconductive material and a dielectric material are so related that an electric discharge may be effected through the dielectric material.
  • a further object is to provide an electrode which will perform all of the functions of the well-known vacuum electrode, and at the same time dispense with the maintaining of the vacuum heretofore considered necessary to the successful operation of devices of this character.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a similar View illustrating a slight modification.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 are longitudinal sectional views illustrating electrodes of common type constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating another type of electrode conformingito the invention.
  • the electrode is shown as constructed of an electro-conductive element or series of elements 10 and a dielectric element or series of elements 11, alternately arranged and preferably in close contact, the conductive elements being connected with any suitable source of electric power, such as the generator 12.
  • the dielectric material is grounded in any suitable manner, as illustrated at 13.
  • the dielectric and conductive elements are so related that when the electrode is connected with the generator and the dielectric material is grounded, the current breaks down the resistance of the dielectric material, and must pass through said material to the ground, the discharge thus effected possessing high therapeutic value, and also generating a very high degree of heat; the'temperetu e o whi w l ve y Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr, 20-, 1920, Application filed larch 18, 1920. Serial No.
  • the inventlon is not limited to any particular electro-conductive material or to any particular dielectric material, because any electric conductor may be employed in connection with any dielectric material. Good results have been obtained with a metal conductor cooperating with a dielectric material, such as glass, fused silica, porcelain, and the like, but fused silica or glass is preferred because of their toughness and elasticity, and capability of resisting fusion under the temperatures generated.
  • the electrode is shown'as consisting of alternately arranged sheets or plates of metal and dielectric material.
  • Fig. 2 is shown a slight modification in which the conductive material is in the form of a conductor 15 inclosed within a glass tube or between glass layers 16. The operation is the same as in the form illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • the conductivematerial and the dielectric material should be preferably in close contact, free from air gaps, so that the electric discharge will be effected throughout the exposed surface of the dielectric material whenever the electrode is grounded.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 are illustrated two common types of electrodes constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • the form illustrated in Fig. 3 comprises a tubular stem 17 open at one end and provided at its other end with an enlarged hollow head 18 of any desired shape, similar to the usual vacuum-electrode.
  • the electrode is constructed of a glass or fused silica body, and the interior surface thereof is coated with a conductive metal 19.
  • the metal coating or lining may be applied in any manner, for instance, by electro-plating, and precipitation in connection'with afiinities, metalized paint, or metalizedglass, or in any other manner by which a permanent electro-conductive surface may be obtained.
  • the metal coating extends to the open end of the stem 17, and electrical contact between said surface and a source of electrical energy may be provided in anysuitable or desired manner.
  • electrodes designed for use with high frequency currents and which employ a conductive element and a dielectric have been subject to destruction by reason of the burning away of the conductive material. This is because there is not a sufficiently strong contact between the conductive element and the contact cap, or other device used for transmitting the current from its source. It
  • the open end of the stem 17 may be provided with a metal contact cap 20, having a wall extending thereinto into electric contact with the coating 19, said cap also having an exterior wall surrounding the end of the stem to provide for an electric contact with the usual electrode holder (not shown)
  • the construcnot pass through the dielectric material, thus avoiding destructive heat at this point. It is preferred to construct said cap by electroplating and precipitation in connection with afiinities.
  • the conductor cap must be of a metal which is sub: stantially identical with the metal forming the conductive element.
  • the coating 19 is of silverthe contact cap 20 should be of a metal very closely allied to silver. Otherwise the current will burn off the coating and the electrode will soon become useless.
  • a copper contact cap for example, may not be employed in connection with a silver coating and vice versa. The best results are obtained by constructing the contact cap of the same metal as that employed for the coating. It is believed that this method of providing for an electrical connection has never before been accomplished. In the form of the invention illustrated in Fig.
  • the electrode is connected with any source of electricity in a wellknown manner, and the current flowing through the cap 20, and metal coating 19, will be discharged through the body of dielectric material just as soon as the latter is grounded in any manner, whether by direct contact, through the atmosphere, or through an artificial ground such as the human body.
  • the electrode in the form of a hollow dielectric body with an internal conductive coating, the same may be in the form of a metal body, such as illustrated in Fig. 4, with a stem 21 and head 22, of any desired shape, said body being coated with the dielectric material 23, in any wellknown manner, the extremity of. the stem 60 being left uncoated, as shown at 24, to provide an electric connection with the source of current.
  • a metal body such as illustrated in Fig. 4, with a stem 21 and head 22, of any desired shape, said body being coated with the dielectric material 23, in any wellknown manner, the extremity of. the stem 60 being left uncoated, as shown at 24, to provide an electric connection with the source of current.
  • FIG. 5 Another form of electrode is illustrated in Fig. 5. In this form the dielectric body 2;;
  • 65 is of approximately rectangular shape and tion is such that the entering current does provided with a longitudinal chamber 26, having conductor bars 27 attached to the walls thereof in suitable manner.
  • the conductor bars are connected with a suitable source of electrical energy by wires 28, at- 70 tached to suitable contact members carried by said conductor bars.
  • Grounded conductor plates 29 are arranged opposite to the conductor bars preferably in approxi mate juxtaposition, thus insuring concentration of the current to the grounded area.
  • ground plates 29 are shown slightly spaced from dielectric body 25, and
  • the electrode above described is capable of effecting an electric discharge of high therapeutic value and that the same, by reason of the high temperature attainable, is capable of use for heating purposes, and when so used will be exceedingly economical in the use of electric current. It is also pos sible by the use of well-known apparatus to indefinitely maintain a fixed degree of temperature. It also has a high value when used to destroy insects and small vermin of all kinds. It will be particularly understood that it is not necessary to maintain a vacuum within the electrode and in fact it is preferred not to do so. In other words, the interior of a hollow electrode may be open to the atmosphere without in any manner impairing its efficiency.
  • the electrode has been described as designed to be used with high-frequency or high-potential generators, it is not limited in this particular, because it may also be used on static lnachines and to effect electric discharges irrespective of the character of the electromotive force or of its source.
  • An electrode of the characterdescribed comprising a dielectric element, a conductor element having a substantial portion of its area in contact with a coextensive area of the dielectric element and in such relation thereto that any grounding of the current must always take place through the dielectric material, whereby heat is generated, said dielectric element being of a material capable of resisting fusion bv the said heat, and a single contact member so connected with said conductor element as to avoid passing the entering current through" the dielectric material, whereby dangerous heating at the point where the current enters the electrode is prevented.
  • An electrode of the character described comprising a hollow body 'open to the atmosphere and formed of an internal electroconductive element and an external dielectric element, said electro-conductive element having a single means for connection with a source of electrical energy, said elements being so related that any grounding of the current must take place through the dielectric element.
  • An electrode of the character described comprising a hollow body of dielectric material having a substantial portion of its interior coated with conductive material, said materials being so related that any grounding of the current must always take place through the delectric material whereby heat is generated, said dielectric element being of a material capable of resisting fusion by the said-heat, and a single means whereby said coating may be connected with a source of electrical energy, said means being constructed to prevent injurious heating of the electrode at the point where the current enters it.
  • An electrode of the character described comprising a hollow body of dielectric material open to the atmosphere and provided with an internal coating of conductive material having a single means for connection with a source of electrical energy, said materials being so related that any grounding of the current must take place through the dielectric material, whereby heat is generated in the dielectric material by the resistance thereof.
  • An electrode of the character described comprising a hollow stem formed of dielectric material and closed at one end and open at the other, and a coating of conductive material on the interior of said stem provided with a single means for connection with a source of electrical energy, said materials being so related that any grounding of the current must take place through the dielectric material, whereby heat is generated in the latter by the resistance thereof.
  • An electrode of the character described comprising a stem open at one end and provided' at the other end with a hollow enlargement, said stem and enlargement being constructed of dielectric material, and a coating of conductive material on the inner surface of the stem and the enlargement,
  • An electrode of the character described comprising a dielectric body formed with a stem open at one end and closed at the other end by an enlarged head, the interior of said body being lined with conductive material and provided with a single means for connection with a source of electrical energy, said materials being in such close contact that. any grounding of the current must take place through the dielectric body, whereby heat is generated in the latter by the resistance thereof.
  • An electrode of the character described comprising a body of dielectric material formed with a stem open at one end and closed at the other, the interior of said body being lined with conductive material and a contact cap on the open end of said stem and in contact with said conductive material, the dielectric and conductive materials being so related that any grounding of the current must take place through the dielectric material, whereby heat is generated in the latter by the resistance thereof.
  • An electrode of the character described comprising a body of dielectric material having a substantial portion of one surface provided with a precipitated metal coating coextensive area of the dielectric element and so related thereto that any grounding of the current must take place through the dielectric material, whereby heat is gener ated, said dielectric element being of a material capable of resisting fusion by the said heat, and a single conductor member of a nature so related to the conductive element that it will protect the latter from the destructive action of the current.
  • An electrode of the character described comprising a body of dielectric material inclosing a conductive element, a substantial portion ofthe area of said conductive element being in contact with a coextensive area of the dielectric element and so related thereto that any grounding of the current must take place through the dielectric element whereby heat is generated, said dielectric element being of a material capable of resisting fusion by the said heat, and a single metalized or electroplated contact member having a union with the conductive element, said contact element being of a material so related to the conductive element that it will protect the latter from the destructive action of the current.
  • An electrode of the character described comprising a body of dielectric material inclosing a conductive element, a substantial portion of the area of said condnctive element being in contact with a coextensive area of the dielectric element and so related thereto that any grounding of the current must always take place through the dielectric material, whereby heat is generated, said dielectric element being of a material capable of resisting fusion by the said heat. and a single contact cap inclosing one end of said electrode and having a union with the conductive element, said cap being of a material .so related to the conductive element that it will protect the latter from the destructive action of the current.
  • An electrode of the character described comprising abody of dielectric material provided with a precipitated metal coating of substantial area, so related thereto that any grounding of the current must pass through the dielectric body, whereby heat is generated, said dielectric element being of a material capable of resisting fusion by the said heat, and a single precipitated metal contact member connected with said coating, said contact memher being of a material so related to the coating that it will protect the latter from the destructive action of the current.
  • An electrode of the character described comprising a body of dielectric material inclosing a conductive element, a
  • said conductive element being in contact with a coextensive area of the dielectric element and so related thereto that any grounding of the current must take lace through the dielectric material, where y heat is generated, said dielectric element being of a material capable of resisting fusion by the said heat, and a single contact member so connected with said conductive element as to prevent injurious heating of the electrode at the point where the current enters it, said contact member bein of a material so related to the conductive e ement that it will protect the latter from the destructure action of the current.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
US366784A 1920-03-18 1920-03-18 Electrode Expired - Lifetime US1337894A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US366784A US1337894A (en) 1920-03-18 1920-03-18 Electrode
GB16576/20A GB160431A (en) 1920-03-18 1920-06-18 Improvements in electrodes
DEF47122D DE373797C (de) 1920-03-18 1920-06-29 Elektrode zur Krankenbehandlung
FR518757A FR518757A (fr) 1920-03-18 1920-07-02 Perfectionnements aux électrodes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US366784A US1337894A (en) 1920-03-18 1920-03-18 Electrode

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1337894A true US1337894A (en) 1920-04-20

Family

ID=23444479

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US366784A Expired - Lifetime US1337894A (en) 1920-03-18 1920-03-18 Electrode

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US1337894A (de)
DE (1) DE373797C (de)
FR (1) FR518757A (de)
GB (1) GB160431A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5643322A (en) * 1993-01-26 1997-07-01 Institute Of General Beauty & Medical Science Method and apparatus to reduce skin tissue by using high-voltage pulses

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2605441A (en) * 1951-05-31 1952-07-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Igniter

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5643322A (en) * 1993-01-26 1997-07-01 Institute Of General Beauty & Medical Science Method and apparatus to reduce skin tissue by using high-voltage pulses

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR518757A (fr) 1921-05-31
GB160431A (en) 1921-09-19
DE373797C (de) 1923-04-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP2577787B2 (ja) 粒子加速器
US1337894A (en) Electrode
US6064718A (en) Field emission tube for a mobile X-ray unit
US1526023A (en) Insulated ventilating connecter
US2569154A (en) Electronic discharge device
US662466A (en) Lightning-arrester for safety cut-outs for electric circuits.
US709812A (en) Dental mouth-mirror.
US2419903A (en) Electrode construction for highfrequency electronic devices
US3585447A (en) Static discharge apparatus
US2847516A (en) Transducer
US3097330A (en) Coaxial capacitance termination
US3085176A (en) Ultra-rapid, high intensity switch pulse generation in coaxial circuitry
US4333126A (en) Combustion initiation device
US571099A (en) Charles e
US1295481A (en) Vacuum-tube.
US3433977A (en) Pulse line having components coaxially interconnected and confined with large surface area conductors
SU799057A1 (ru) Частотно-избирательное устройство
US1446317A (en) Electrical liquid heater
US3379928A (en) Triggering device for spark generators
US1483540A (en) Lightning arrester
US1876049A (en) X-ray tube
US1668387A (en) Electrode arrangement for electrical discharge tubes
US3267320A (en) Magnetic blowout spark gap switch
US1450110A (en) High-fkequency ignition system
US3368397A (en) Arc chamber