US13186A - Samuel t - Google Patents

Description

'UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEioE.

SAMUEL T. THOMAS, 0F LAVRENCE, MASSACHUSETTS.

LOOM.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 18,186, dated July 3, 1855.

is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, letters, figures, and references thereof.

Of the said drawings, Figure 1, denotes a top view of my said loom; Fig. 2, is a front elevation of it. Fig. 3, is an elevation of the right end of it. Fig. 4, is avertical and longitudinal section of it, the saine being taken through the cam shaft to be hereinafter described; Fig. 5, is a vertical central and transverse section of it; Fig. 6, is an elevation of the left end; such other figures as may be necessary to a full and complete delineation of the parts constituting my invention will be hereinafter referred to and described.

In the said drawings A, exhibits the frame of the loom, it being constructed in any proper manner to support the operative parts to be hereinafter explained.

B, is the main driving shaft; C, the cam shaft; D, the lay; E, the breast beam; F, the yarn bea-1n; G, the reed, and H, H, H, a series of harnesses, such being the component or principal parts of an ordinary fancy loom. The main driving shaft gives motion to the-cam shaft by means of gears a, affixed respectively to them as seen in Fig. 6.

The two harnesses which are nearest to the lay are for the purpose of producing what is termed plain weaving, while with the remainder fancy weaving is effected. The top bar of each fancy weaving harness is supported by two cords c, c, which extend upward against and turn horizontally over friction pulleys or sheaves f, f, arranged as seen in the drawings, the said two cords being hooked to a strap g, which is fastened to the upper end of one of a set of upright triarmed levers I, I, 'I. The lower bar of each of said harnesses is attached to two cords 71., h, which work downward around, and are carried horizontally under two friction pulleys z', t', arranged as seen in Fig. 4L. From thence both of these cords are united to one strap lc, attached to the lower end or arm of the triarmed lever I, to which the upper bar of said harness is connected as hereinbefore mentioned. Each of the levers I, is

arranged so as tb turn on a common fulcrum or horizontal shaft K, and has a third arm Z, extended from it and provided with a stud or friction roller, which is made to enter and work in a groove of a series of cams, L, L, L. These cams are arranged and fixed upon a horizontal shaft M, as seen in Figs.

.1, 2, 3 and 4. By means of bevel gears n,

and 0, the said shaft receives motion from a horizontal shaft (represented at m, in Fig. l, by dotted lines) on which is a spur gear w, that is made to engage with a pinion p fixed upon one end of the driving shaft B. During the rotary movement of the driving shaft rotary motion therefrom will be communicated to the cam shaft M and its cams,

and so as to produce such movements of the y described manner, those harnesses which are used for fancy weaving, we are not only enabled to cause each harness to play only in a vertical plane, but we arrange its operative mechanism in suoli a position as will enable us to gain much easier access thereto than would be the case were it placed underneath the harnesses and within the main body of the loom frame in the usual way.

It will readily be seen that when a harness is suspended from the end of a horizontan lever, in consequence of its point of suspension being made to work in the arc of a circle, such harness notwithstanding it may have a vertical movement will at the same time have more or less of lateral movement, which will operate not only to produce wear of the warp, but also of the eyes or loops of the harness. It will therefore be seen how desirable it is that a harness should play vertically without having any lateral motion whatever imparted to it and whether such be in directions transversely or longitudinally of the looin. Besides the peculiar lateral movement of the harness as occasioned by a lever as above set forth, it is also desirable to prevent the harness from having any swaying lateral movement such as generally occurs when its bars are connected to levers in the ordinary way. r

By attaching each bar of each harness to two cords and running such cords over pulleys and fastening them to a lever as hereinbefore explained, such lever when put in operation will cause such harness to be moved vertically and without either any lateral or swinging motion.l

The two front harnesses which are for the purpose of weaving plain cloth or sel'vages or plain stripes in the fancy weaving have their upper bars operated by cords g, g, which work around four pulleys, s, s, and, t, arranged as seen in Fig. l. Each cord after being attached to one end of one of the bars is carried upward and partially around one of the pulleys, s, and is next made to pass horizontally tow'ard the farthestpulley, t, and is carried into the groove of said pulley and downward and is fastened to the opposite end of the other harness bar. In this way both harness bars are not only supported by pulleys, but each end of one is connected with the opposite end of the other by a cord. The lower bars of these harnesses are respectively attached by means of four cords u, u, to four straps o, o, each of which is attached toand extended around the periphery of a pulley or drum, w, or, fixed upon a horizontal shaft 0, as seen in the drawings. The two straps under each two adjacent ends of the harnesses are carried in opposite directions around their drum as seen in Fig. 5, in order that when the shaft is rotated in one direct-ion it will` wind up two of the straps and unwind the other two, the same causing one of the harnesses to descend and the other simultaneously to ascend. The rotary movement of the shaft, O, is produced by means of a sectoral lever, I), (see Fig. 3) which works upon a fulcrum at, y, and is connected to the shaft by means of two straps or bands, e, e, which are attached to and wound in opposite directions around the periphery of a small drum or pulley a, fixed upon the shaft, O. On one side of the lever, P, is a stud or roller b', which is represented in Fig. 3, bydotted lines the same being made. tO enter the groove of a cam Q., fixed upon the cam shaft C. During the rotation'of the shaft, C, a reciprocating vert-ical movement will be imparted to the lever, P, so as to produce through the action of the straps, z, e, a reciprocating rotary movement of the shaft,

Upon the cam shaft, C,there is placed a cylindrical grooved cam,R,the groove of which is represented in Fig. 7, as developed on a plain surface. A friction roller or stud proj ecting upward from one end of a horizontal lever, S, enters and works in the groove of said cam, said lever playing upon a fulcrum at, T, and having its front end fixed to one end of a flexible strap, U, whose opposite end is fastened to the picker staff, V, such picker staff extending up into and working in thefshuttle box IV.

The strap, U, should be sufliciently stiff to force the picker staff backward immediately after each throw of the shuttle and while the lever, S, is moving in a direction toward the staff. By having the strap made with such a degree of stiffness we avoid the necessity of applying a spring tothe picker staff, for the purpose of retracting, and we cause the `strap to perform the function notv only of drawing the picker staff but that of forcing it backward. This is a very important improvementI in operating the picker staff, for although it has heretofore been drawn in one direction only by a strap, such strap has always been made so flexible as to require some other contrivance for the retraction of t-he lever. It is' well known that such refractive mechanism as has been generally employed has been very liable to become deranged or get out of order on account of the nature of its construction and the blows, which the picker stall' is constantly receiving during its operation. The stiff strap working in two directions and having flexibility or elasticity sullicient to relieve the picker staff from the sudden blows it receives has been found to operate with great success, advantage, and economy.

In Figs. l, and 5, there is shown a lever, X, of the stop motion or mechanism by which the movements of the loom are arrested whenever breakage of the `filling thread occurs. This lever, or its upper arm, as is well known 'has a reciprocating movement given to it, and usually has been operated in connection with a forked lever, Y, whose rear or horizontal arm carried a small hook which by the peculiar movement of the lever was maintained out of the path of motion of the lever X, while the filling thread remained whole or unbroken. breakage of the filling thread took place the hook would be dropped into the path of the lever and upon the upper arm of said lever in such manner as would cause the hook and its supporting frame to be moved. backward by the lever and so as to give motion to another lever which acting against the shipper would throw it from its notch and thereby produce a stoppage of the loom, said operation being understood by weavers.

In my improved loom I apply the forked lever, Y, to a stationary arm or projection c', fastened to the breast beam, E, and I joint to the upper arm of the lever X, a small lever or pitman d', as seen in Figs. l, and 6, and also in Fig. 8, which is a vertical section of said pitman, and 'that part of ,the lever X to which it is attached. The

said pitman CZ', turns upon a fulcrum, e',

and operates in connection with a small rocker lever, f, which works in the lever X, and is composed of a shaft and two arms g h', as seen in side view in Fig. 9.-()ne of these arms, viz. h rests and works against an inclined plane or cam z", formed on the underside of the rear or gravitating arm of Vhenever to the periphery of the friction roller.

the lever or pitman CZ', the other arm, g, extending upward from the lever and so that when the catch hook of the lever Y falls downward it may come into the path of movement of said arm and thereby catch upon said arm so as to cause the rocker lever, f', to be rotated in such manner as to produce the depression of the front arm of the pitman CZ. Vhen such arm is so depressed and moved forward it will be carried into contact with the lever 7.5', of the shipper Z', and will move said lever so as to force said shipper off' the shoulder or notch m7, of its slotted guide plate n. The helical spring, 0, is fixed to the rocker lever, f', and the lever X, and operates so as to retract the lever, f, when the lever, X, moves backward. The gravitating arm of the pitman when relieved of the pressure of the lever f will fall and raise the front arm of the pitman entirely above the lever, 7s, by which the shipper is actuated.

From the above it will be seen, that the only strain there is produced upon the catch hook of the forked lever Y, is that which is juist sufficient to move the rocker arm, f, and the pitman so' that the latter may be moved by the lever, X, against the lever, 7c. Thus the great strain necessary to effect the movement of the lever, c, is not borne in my improved stop motion by the forked lever Y, as it is in various other stop motions.

In Fig. l, the yarn beam, F, is represented as furnished with a friction pulley, p', which has a band or cord r wound several times around its periphery. One end of this cord is fastened to a projection from the lower part of a lever, s', which turns upon a fulcrum at its upper end, and is suspended therefrom, and between the pulley and its end of the main frame of the machine. Such lever being particularly eX- hibited in Fig. 5, which shows by dotted lines that part of it which is in rear of the friction pulley. The other end of the friction cord is attached to a pin or screw bolt t', which passes and slides through an ear u, extended from the lever, s. Below this ear and on the screw bolt there is placed a helical spring, o, which by means of a screw nut, w', is borne against the ear u, and serves todraw the friction cord close In proportion as the cord is drawn tighter upon the periphery of the friction roller so will the tension .on the warp be increased. The lever, s', before named rests against a spring w', which is supported in a boX or case, y, fastened to the end of the main frame, as seen in Fig. 5. The said spring, by the tension or draft on the warps caused either by the beat of the lay or the springing of the harnesses will enable the yarn beam to turn a little and accommodate itself to such strain or draft and maintain an equality of tension upon the warp.A

sta-ff in opposite directions by means of a flexible strap having sufficient stiffness to move said picker staff backward, when said strap is moved by a lever substantially as specified.

2. I also claim combining with the operating lever X, and, the forked lever, y, of the stop motion, a lever or pitman, d, and a tripping or rocker lever, f, or the equivalent thereof, the same being for the purpose of operating the lever of the shipper and relieving the forked lever, Y, of strain as specified, the said improvement enabling to be used, a forked lever, Y, of 'great lightness and delicacy of construction, and capable of being operated by the finest qualities of weft and thread.

3. I do not claim applying a friction pulley and band to the yarn beam, nor do I claim sustaining the warp by means of a guide roller supported by upright levers operating with weighted levers by two sectors and gears and for the purpose of maintaining` an equality of tension on the warp during the weaving operation, but what I do claim is arranging and combining the friction pulley, p', the band, r, the lever, s', and spring, zr, of its equivalent, so as to operate together and with respect to the yarn beam substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my signature this seventh day of April, A. D. 1855.`

SAMUEL T. THOMAS.

Vitnesses:

R. H. EDDY, F. P. HALE, Jr.

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