US1318035A - Turbine - Google Patents

Description

H. H. WAIT.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 6.29. 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

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H. WAIT. TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-29.1916.

1,318,035 I Patented Oct. 7,1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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H. H. WAIT.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.29. I916- 1,318,035. I Patented Oct. 7,1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Index??? 50 'vention is of'th'e horizontal type and the wheel may be ofany ordinary construction "in which the buckets are arrangedlto'receive A stem from the side.

HENRY WAIT, orcnicaeo; ILLINOIS.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed August 29, 1916. Serial at. 117,466,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY H. WAIT, a citizen of the United States, residing .at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates more particularly to certain details in the construction of the casing and steam supply pipe and nozzle for a turbine and has forits object to simplify, strengthen and cheapen the construction of these parts.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown a preferred form of the construction and in the specifications I have described the same in detail. It is to be understood,'however, that thespeci fic disclosure is for the purpose of exemplification only, and that the scope of the invention is set forth in the following claims, in which I have endeavored to distinguish it from the prior art, so far as known to me, without, however, relinquishing or abandoning any portion or feature thereof.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a turbine embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a section on the broken line 2-2 of Fig. 5: Fig.3 is a vertical axial section on the line 3 8 of Fig. 5, the upper part of the construction, not being illustrated; Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section uponthe line 4- 4 of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is an inside View of one ofthe casing walls, the upper portion thereof being in vertical section; Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 4, of a modification, parts shown in the last named figure, however, being omitted;

7 is a side elevation of a steam nozzle and nozzleqstand for supplying steam to the turbine,a portion of the wheel-being shown broken away; Fig.8 is a view of the same, partially in section on a plane perpendicw lar to the plane of Fig. 7 ;Fig. 9 is an .elevation perpendicular to Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is an elevation of the nozzle; Fig. '11 is a longitudinalsection thereof, at right angles, to the plane of Fig. 10; and Fig. 12 is'an end View thereof. I; V

The turbine chosen to illustratemy in- It is therefore not illustrated in detaiL;

The wheel-casing is shown as composed of Patented Oct. 7, 1919.

three castings, to-wit two lower sections divided upon a vertical transverse plane and an upper section or hood, the several sections being joined together by bolted flanges in the usual manner. Lower section 13 comprises side wall Hand annular wall 15 of the wheel chamber, and a foot or base 16, all of which are cast integrally. A pocket 17 is formed in saidwall to receive the return steam guides 18' which are bolted at 19 to bosses formed on said wall and may be of any suitable construction to receive steam from the turbine wheel and return it thereto. The pocket 17 is concentric with-the'casing and a flattened concentric rib 17 (see Fig. 5) is formed at the inner edge thereof to form a seat for the attaching flanges l7 'o'f the steam guides. Radial ribs 41 extend from said arcuate rib to the central bossjof the casing section and short ribs 42 extend across the pocket at points where they do not interfere with the guides, and serve to brace and strengthen the casing at those points.

The otherlower casting, 20, completes the lower half of the wheel casing. Said casing section is formed with openings 21 for the reception of thesteam nozzle stands 22, carryingand communicating with the nozzles by which steam is supplied to the wheel.

The upper casing section or hood 23 is-rs semi-cylindrical and formed with internal strengtheningribs 24, and the horizontal meeting edges of said hood and of the lower sections are formed with matched semih cylindrical openings 25, 26, 27 which, when r the parts, are assembled, provide for the passage of the wheel shaft 28through the opposite sides of the casing. A cylindrical boss 29 surrounds each ofsaid openings H formed partially in the upper sectlon or hoodand. partially in the respective lower section and contains a packing chamber 30 which is'closedby a cap o r cover 3 1. As

said packing chamber and c ap formno part of' the present invention, they need be no further described lthan to saythat they contain graphite or other. pack ng r ngs :32 surrounded-by igarteij sprlngs 33 and are drained through channels em formed t a casing. The bearings for the'wheel shaft are, as usual in constructions -of this character, spaced away from the casing walls, the

housings therefor being shownat 35 "on opposite sides of the casing, and sand hous ings are supported from the casing being. bolted to brackets 36, 36, formed integral with the lower sections of the latter respectively. The lower half of the casing containing the nozzles and guides is enlarged,

with respect to the central portion and- "upper half thereof, the outer parallel walls 37, 38 being connected to thenarrowcentral portion of the casing by conical dished portions 39,40 (See Fig. 2). 1 1

By reducing the width of the central por tion of the turbine chamber in this way it is possible to lessen the distance between the bearing for the shaft and so reduce the over-all width of the construction. By making the central portion conical it is best adapted to resist thesteam pressure which -is most formidable at this portion of the casing. i

The bracket-s 36 for supporting the bearings comprise each three legs, 43, 44, 45,-

elastic as compared to the side legs 43, 44,

thereof, which are substantially horizontal, so that said lower legs yield under expansion and contraction and the stiff side legs of the brackets therefore maintain the alinement of the shaft bearings.

In the construction shown the casing is formed with two steam outlets 4748, upon opposite sides thereof, either of which may be connected to asteam. conduit 49, and the other closed by a plate 50.

In the particular example of my invention shown provision is made for supplying steam to the wheel at two points in the casing, a main nozzle being located at .51 and an auxiliary nozzle at 52;. see Fig. 4. A valvechamber 53, connected to supply steam conduit 54, is formed with a reduced neck 55 and a flange. 56, by which it is connected to the casing over the opening 51 thereinleading to the main nozzle 22. The valve eas ng may contaln a. valve of any desired character for controlling the flow of steam." The neck 55 of the val ve casing is formed with a lateral passage 57, surrounded by a. boss 58, for the purpose of supplying steam to the auxiliary nozzle at 52. An elbow connection is mounted over the opening at 52 by flange 59, and formed with acboss 60. Each of the lateral bosses is provided witha male projecting portion 61 62 which enters a corresponding recess whether the straight or of the nozzle atv 76.

formed in a coupling head did-64 secured to the end of a short plpe section 65, by whlch said valve casing and nozzle elbow are connected. Compress1ble packing 66--7 are interposed between said male portlons and their seats, and bolts 68 extending through the flanges of the coupling sections 63-'64 secure tight joints between the parts. By this construction provision is made for the difference in expansion of the pipe connection and the casing between the intakes for the two nozzles, and thus leakage isprevented. The elbow connection for the auxiliary nozzle is formed with a valve seat and provided with a valve 69, by which the steam supply to the auxiliary nozzle can be controlled.

In Fig. 6 I have shown a modification of the connection between the valve casing and the auxiliary nozzle elbow in which the connccting pipe is formed with an elbow 65 and the ends of said pipe threaded directly into the bosses on the valve casing and auxiliary nozzle elbow respectively. Because of the elbow bend suflicient resiliency is provided in this construction'to avoid leakage due to the unequal expansions of the casing and conduit respectively between the valve and the auxiliary nozzle stand.- In order to check radiation the connecting pipe is sur rounded by a pipe 72 of larger diameter elbow connection is employed. V

Turning now to Figs. 7 to 12 of the drawings showing the construction of the nozzle andnozzle stand,- the wall of the casing-is fragmentarily shown in Fig. 8 at 37, and the flange 70 of the nozzle stand 22, and flange 56 of the valve casing or elbow as the case may be, are shown bolted thereto at 71.

The stand-22 is as shown generally dome shaped with an inclined flattened face ecvcentrlcally located upon one side of the dome, which is formed with a tapped opening: 73, to receive the threaded end of the nozzle 74. By locating the nozzle eccentrically of the dome and away from the center of theturbme I am enabled to provide a materially largerspace for the dome with- I out interfering with the location of nozzle. The nozzle is c rcular in crosssection at its base 75, 'but oblong or flattened in cross secthat it closely follows the same, andsaid' opening is somewhat narrower radially than ..tion toward its outlet, the outlet opening the height of the buckets and mayalso benarrower than the diameter of. the cirtular iso portions of the nozzle. By making the opening narrower than the height of the buckets in the wheel steam is prevented from impinging upon the band and edge of the Wheel respectively.

By making the diameter of the throat of the nozzle larger than the radial dimension of the nozzle outlet opening a larger steam flow may be used and consequently greater output obtained with a given height of wheel blades.

This method of arranging the nozzle tends'to increase, for given conditions, the circumferential span of the nozzle on the wheel thereby minimizing the losses in efficiency which occur where the wheel blades enter and emerge from the space in front of the nozzle.

I claim:

1. In a turbine and in combination with the wheel and shaft thereof, a casing for the wheel, a portion of which is enlarged axially of the turbine toward the periphery thereof, the walls of the enlarged portion being connected to the central portion of the turbine casing by dished conical walls.

2. In a turbine and in combination with the wheel and shaft thereof, a casing for the wheel, a structure alined with the shaft and spaced from the casing, a bracket supporting said structure to the casing com prising a supporting plate, relatively stiff legs connecting the plate to the casing in a substantially horizontal plane, and arelatively flexible leg connecting the plate to the casing arranged at an'angle to the horizontal.

.3. In a turbine and in combination with the wheel and shaft thereof, a casing for the wheel, a bearing for the shaft, spaced away from the casing, means supporting the hearing from the casing, comprising a bracket having a supporting plate, and legs diverging from the supporting plate and merging into the casing a substantial distance from the center thereof whereby said bracket forms a strengthening member for the casing.

4. In a turbine and in combination with the wheel and shaft thereof, a casing for the turbine, a bearing for the shaft spaced from the casing, means supporting the bear' ing from the casing comprising a semi-circular plate, and legs diverging therefromin a' substantially conical surface and merging into the wall of the casing, the bearing beingconneoted to said semi-circular plate.

5. In a turbine and in combination with the wheel and shaft thereof, a casing for-the wheel, a portion of which is enlarged toward the outer periphery thereof, the walls of the enlarged portion being connected to the center portion by conical dished walls, a bracket for supporting a construction in alinement with the shaft, comprising a supporting plate and legs diverging therefrom and merging into the casing wall a substantial distance from the center thereof, whereby said bracket forms with the conical portion of the wall a strengthening truss for the conical portion of the wall.

6. A steam turbine comprising a casing, a wheel and a shaft on which the wheel is mounted, an opening in the wall of the easing adjacent the periphery of the wheel, a steam dome mounted in said opening and extending into said casing, and a steam nozzle mounted eccentrically and tangentially upon said dome and communicating with the interior thereof. I

7. In a turbine of the class described, having a plurality of nozzles, nozzle stands supporting the nozzles extending through the walls of the casing and having flanges upon the outside thereof, castings having flanges mounted upon the flanges of the stands, the flanges of the castings and stands being bolted together to the casing, said castings being formed with channels connecting with said stands, and a conduit or conduits connecting said castings.

8. In a turbine of the class described,having a plurality of nozzles, stands supporting the nozzles extending through the casing'and having flanges on the outside thereof, castings having flanges mounted upon the flanges of the stands, said flanges being secured together and to the casing by bolts, said castings formed with channels connecting with the nozzle stands, bosses on said 100 castings surrounding the channels and formed with male projections, one or more conduits connecting said castings and provided at their ends with coupling members having recessed seats into which said male 105 portions extend.

9. In a steam turbine of the class described, a casing, a plurality of nozzles in the casing, stands on which said nozzles are mounted extending through the casing and 110 to the outside thereof, a branch pipe connecting said stands and provided with an elbow intermediate the same.

10. In a steam turbine of the class described, a casing, a plurality of nozzles in 115 the casing, nozzle stands for supporting and supplying the latter extending through the casing to the outside thereof, a branch pipe connecting said stands external to said casing and provided with expansion joints. 120

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. G.

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