US1313722A - Steam and hot-water boiler - Google Patents

Description

J. W. MOSNER AND G. W. CRANE.

STEAM AND HOT WATER BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4. 191a.

Patented A11 19, 1919.

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STEAM AND HOT WATER BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED NOV- 4. l9]!!- Patented Aug. 19, 1919.

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ATTORNEY b1 STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN W. MOSNER AND GEORGE W. CRANE, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

. STEAM AND HOT-WATER BOILER.

Patented Aug. 19, 1919.

Application filed November 4, 1918. Serial No. 261,127.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOHN WV. MOSNER and GEORGE W. CRANE, citizens of the United States, residing at Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam and Hot-Water Boilers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in steam and hot-water boilers, designed particularly for heating dwellings and the like, and as for its object to provide a novel, simple and effective heater of the class, comprising a number of similar sections adapted to be combined as a heating unit. A further object is to provide a boiler construction which permits the combining of any number of the sections into a unit, a particular and valuable feature of the in-- vention consisting of the novel location and arrangement of the smoke-box relatively to the fines and the water compartments, whereby an increase in the number of sections correspondingly increases the area of the smoke-box, and wherein the smoke may be drawn away by a chimney having a relati vely low draft tension by means of a number of smoke conducting pipes. A. further object is to provide a boiler of the class, wherein each of the sections contains a separate fine, and also a water compartment comprising a relatively broad and thin Vertically arranged space which positions the water between and in close proximity to the exposed heating surfaces of the combustion chamber and to two of the fines, the said chamber and said flues being so disposed and arranged that the water absorbs the heat units from the constantly cooling gases during their entire passage from the fire to the smoke-chamber which is located below the level of the grates and also below the lowest water level. A further object is to provide a boiler structure wherein the water in each of the several compartments is in close contact with the fire, and wherein a novel arrangement of baffles is employed for inducing a more perfect circulation thus preventing eddy-currents and stagnant or dead pockets in said compartments. And a further object is to provide a boiler which has a relatively large direct as well as indirect heating surface in proportion to the grate surface, whereby a relatively high.

evaporation is produced by the consumption of a small amount of fuel.

We attain these objects by the means set forth in the detailed description which follows, and as illustrated by the accompany ing drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a top-plan view of the complete boiler containing a number of sections secured together as a unit.

Fig. 2 1s an end elevation of the same.

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section, taken substantially on line 3-3 of Fig. 1; showing the construction and arrangement of the water compartments.

Fig. 4 is a similar sectional view, taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 1; showing a portion of the combustion chamber, the flues, the adjustable grates, and the low-positioned smoke-box.

Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section, taken on line 5--5 of Fig. 3; showing the alternate arrangement of the eross-flues and water compartments; also the location of the combustion chamber relatively to the same.

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section, taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 5; showing the cross and down-draft flues in relation to the water compartments.

Fig. 7 is an end elevation and partial sec tion of the base; showing the means for sealing the joints between the bottoms of the sections and the base.

In the drawings, the support for the boiler sections consists of a base 2, which is preferably made of cast-iron. and which is preferably divided longitudinally by a vertical wall 2 for providing an ash-pit 3, having the usual door 4, and a relatively large smoke-chamber 5. The ash-pit and smokechamber extend the full length of the base and are preferably undivided, The front wall 6' of the ash-pit rises considerably higher than the wall 2 and the top of the smoke-box 5, for facilitating the mounting ofthe adjustable grates 7 at an angle, as best seen in Figs. 2, 3 and 4. The top edges of the end'and rear walls of the base are provided with grooves in which are disposed an asbestos or other suitable packing 8, for sealing the joints between the sections of the boiler and the base, which should be airis practically unlimited, as compared with many of the older types ofboilers, because we are able to draw away the smoke and burnt gases from the opposite ends, as well as from the'rea r side of said box, through a number of pipes, as 9 and 9. Ordinarily, for boilers comprisin but a few sections, onesmoke pipe is su cient, but in case the boilers are extended by the addition of a" number of extra sections, the smoke outlets may be correspondingly increased, at will, Without requiring any modifications or changes in the boilers. In practice, the bases 2 are made up in several different lengths, as forfive, ten or twenty sections. In this way an adequate smoke box area is always sthrough correspondingly perforated lugs 13,

the latter being integral with and disposed at the opposite sides of a rib 14, which extends centrally across the tops of the sections, as best seen in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The'ribs 14 of the several sections correspond and are similarlybored out, and when the sections are placed in position, pushnipples 15 are inserted part-way into the ad jacent ribs, as best seen in Fig. 1, for rendering the joints steam and water tight, as well as for aiding in holding the sections in proper alinement. The steam or hot-water used for radiation or heating purposes flows from the boiler by means of pipes 16 and l6','which are preferably screwed into the ribs 14 of the end sections 11, as shown, and in case a greater flow of the steam or water is desired, a third flow-pipe, may 'tap one of the intermediate sections, as shown at 16 in Fig., 1. ribbed projection, which is disposed at the lower rear corner of, each section, in which nipples 15 are disposed, as shown, and also one or more return pipes, as 1818 may be connected to the latter ribs, as shown in Figs. 1, 5 and 6. A third return pipe is also shown at 18 in Figs. 1 and 3 connected to one of the intermediate sections, for increasing the return flow, if desired. The end sections 11 are similar in construction,

and each is provided with a forwardly pr0- je'cting ledge 19, which extends beyond the front walls of the sections (see Figs. 2, 3 and 4). This provides a relatively broad free space, equal to the combined breadth of the; intermediate sections 11', which is always open for the passage of the coal or other fueL-from a hopper 20 to the fire-box (grates 7 The lOWer end of the hopper 20 preferably rests upon the ledges '19, while hinged door or cover 20.

.2 and 6.

17 represents a similar rib or partments 11*.

the inner end-edges of the hopper are provided with flanges 21, which abut similar flanges 21 of the end sections, to which the hopper is secured by bolts 22. The top of the hopper 20 is provided with a filling opening which is normally sealed by a The front of the open space occurring between the ledges 19, is partially closed by a water-front 23, which is held in place mainly by pipes 24-24, which connect the said front with the water compartments of the opposite end sections 11, as best seen in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4. The water-front preferably forms the frontwall of the fire-box, designated generally by the numeral 25. The grates 7, which may follow any of the well-known constructions, are preferably disposed at an angle declining from the top of the front wall 6 to the top edge of the partition wall 2 of the base.

as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Each grate 7 is.

composed of a coarse section 7 and a fine section,7,", the sections 7' being disposed at the lower end. Each grate unit is provlded with trunnions 26-26, which are journaled respectively in bars or plates 2727', the latter being positioned against the inner front and back walls of the ash-pit, and said plates are movable vertically, for raising and lowering the grates. The grate supports are held in place, in a simple manner by pins or bolts 2828-, which pierce said supports and also the walls The sections 7 and 7' of the grates are rocked individually or collectively for cleaning the fire-box, by levers 29- 29, which depend from the respective sections, and may be reached for operation by inserting a suitable shaker through holes 30 in the end walls of the ash-pit. The levers 29 are preferably curved, so as to permit the grates 7 to be rotated sufficiently to dump the coals and cinders.

The boiler sections 11 and 11 each contains a central vertical water compartment, as 11, which extends substantially the full height and breadth of the section, and these compartments are skirted all around their opposite sides by lateral hollow flanges 11 which communicate with the main water compartments 11. The said sections are also provided with intermediate inverted L- shaped flanges or hollow bosses 11 whose interiors also communicate with the com- When the sections 11 and 11 are joined together, as shown, the flanges 11 and 11 of abutting sections, correspond and abut, and thereby form the several flue passages for the products of combustion, indicated by the numerals 31, 32 and 33, the

. said passages being substantially in the form of an inverted L.v The meeting surfaces of theflanges 11 and 11 are preferably par-- tially cut away to form V-shaped' gaps 11 which face the combustion chamber and the several flues. These gaps are provided to prevent the accumulation of soot and rust in the said joints, during the summer months, which usually eat away the metal and cause leaky joints. The gaps 11 allow the soot and rust to gravitate away from the joints, thus rendering them self-cleaning. In each main water compartment l1 is disposed a battle wall 34, which starts near the point Where the cooled water enters from the return pipes 18, and thence extends upwardly and forwardly in a slight curve and terminates a short distance from the front wall of disposed between and parallel to the corresponding portions of the flanges 11 and 11. This latter baflle is so positioned that the water as it boils and bubbles upwardly isprevented from rising and flooding the flow-pipes 16, thereby only allowing the steam to enter and pass off through said pipes to the points of radiation. The several compartments 11 communicate with each other in the hollow ribs 14 and 17, but

at no other points.

In the present case, the combustion chamber comprises the hollow space immediately above the grates 7, and also includes the narrow spaces which occur between the tapering legs 11 of the compartments 11, the latter spaces gradually becoming narrower as they extend upwardly to their intersection with the flues 31. By this con struction and arrangement, the direct heating surface of the boiler includes the broad opposite outer sides of the legs 11, the forward and under surfaces of the flanges 11, and the inner surface of the front flanges 11 The direct heat from the fire, as it ascends through the flues 31 strikes the inner surface of the top flanges 11, and is then deflected and drawn horizontally and rearwardly through the fines 32, and thence downwardly through flues 33, from the flaring bottoms of which the smoke and burnt gases are freely discharged into the smokeboX 5, to be carried away through pipes 99' to the chimney (not shown). The highest temperature resulting from the fire, is exerted first against the legs 11 at their narrowest margins where the water contained in the compartments 11 is the shallowest and the more readily and quickly brought to the boiling point. And as these vertical columns of water are all relatively narrow or thin, and the combined direct heating surface of the legs 11 is relatively great, as described, it is possible to produce steam by the consumption of a comparatively small amount of coal. In practice it has been found that our improved boilers under moderate firing readily effect the evaporation of eleven or more pounds of water per pound of coal. In order to relieve a number of dead corners, in which the hot gases are liable to accumulate and retard the free circulation of the heated gases, the flanges 11 are cut away at 11, thus affording a narrow vent or passage connecting the honey-comb top of the combustion chamber with the flues 33. To provide suitably for cleaning out the interior of the boiler, openings 36 are disposed in the upper rear side of the boiler, preferably in line with the flues 32 and directly communicating with the descending flues 33 and these openings are preferably closed by thimble-caps 37. WVhen employed for generating steam, the boiler receives its supply of water preferably by tapping into the return pipes, at any suitable point (not shown). In the drawings, the grates 7 are shown in their uppermost position, which is suitable for burning the finer. grades of fuel, like buckwheat and pea coal. lVhen the coarser grades of hard coal are used. the grates should be lowered to the second position, and for soft coal they should be set to the lowermost position, shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 4. By the provision of this adjustable means, our grates may be readily and quickly adjusted to accommodate several kinds and sizes of coal. without requiring any alterations or changes in the boiler and other parts.

In practice, after the fire is started. the heated gases pass upwardly between the legs 11. and the water in said legs begins at once to absorb the heat units. The heated gases continue upwardly through the several flues 31 and are deflected by contact with the underside of the top flanges 11* and thence flow horizontally rearwardly through the flucs 32 and thence downwardly through the vertical flues 33 and into the common smoke chamber 5. The water in the compartments 11 preferably extends to within a fraction of an inch of the top of the smoke chamber 5, and continues to ab- .sorb the heat units given off by the fire,

. by reason of the novel arrangement and location of the hollow flanges 11 and 11. during the entire passage of the products of combustion through the boiler. and by the time the said products reach the smoke chamber. their temperature is so low that the available heat wasted or lost by escape through the pipes 9 and the chimney is comparatively small. By positioning the smoke chamber below the bottom level of the firebox and of the water compartments 11, the duration of the heating interval is greatly increased, and there is accordingly an increase and a prolongation of the absorption of the heat by the water, which materially enhances the efficiency of the boilers. The free and substantially direct flues or passages for the hot air and smoke, which pass Without any obstruction into the relatively spacious smoke-box 5, together with the provision of a number of smoke pipes 9, enable us to operate our boilers at a high efficiency, in connection with relatively short chimneys and at a comparatively low draft tension.

Having thus described. our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A boiler including a number of upright sections clamped together having a common combustion chamber formed by cutting away .the corresponding lower edges of 'the sections, each section having a broad thin water compartment disposed centrally and vertically, one side of the end sections and the opposite sides of the intermediate sections correspondingly recessed, and the recesses of the adjacent sections cooperating for forming a plurality of inverted L-shaped flues'which alternate with the water compartments, and discharging the smoke at a point below the lowest water level of said compartments, and a gravity-feed fuel magazine disposed outside of said sections.-

2. A heating apparatus, comprising a base divided longitudinally to provide an ash-pit and a smoke-box, and a plurality of abutting and interchangeable boiler sections, each section having a central water compartment extending transversely across and vertically from said base, the front, top and rear margins of the opposite sides of each section skirted by hollow-flanges which cooperate with similar intermediate flanges for providing shallow recesses which cooperate for forming flues between the water compartments.

3. A boiler comprisinga plurality of upright sections combined as a unit and having water and flue compartments which extend vertically and transversely and alternate throughout the boiler, the corresponding lateral edges of saidseetions cut away to provide a common combustion chamber, an open Copies of this patent may he obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

compartments, and said smoke-box provided with a plurality of vents for the escape of the smoke therefrom.

4. A heating apparatus, comprising a base divided longitudinally for providing a smoke-box and an ash-pit, the front wall of the base being extended, grates supported by and declining from the extended wall toward the partition wall, a magazine adapted to feed fuel to the gratesby gravity, a sectional boiler mounted on the base consisting of end andintermediate sections, the corresponding lateral edges of the intermediate sections cut away facing the magazine to provide a clear combustion chamber above the grates, each intermediate section having a thin verticalwater space and oppositely facing flue recesses which flare at their bottoms where they intersect with the smoke-box, and a plurality of pipes for conducting the smoke from the smoke-box.

5. In a heating apparatus, a base divided longitudinally for providing an elongated ash-pit and a similar smoke-chamber, inclined grates mounted above the ash-pit, a plurality of pipes connected to the smoke chamber, a boiler mounted on the base comprising a plurality of interfittin-g sections provided wlth oppositely facing hollow marginal and intermediate flanges which abut for forming a plurality of flues which conduct the products of combustion fromthe combustion chamber upwardly, then horizontally and thence downwardly to the smoke chamber, the said flues arranged parallel to and alternating with vertically arranged water compartments which communicate with the hollow flanges, said compartments having relatively thin and broad depending legs which overhang the grates, and a series of baffles disposed in said compartments for controlling the circulation of the water therein.

In testimony whereof we affiX our signatures.

JOHN W. MOSNER. GEORGE w. CRANE.

Washington, D. c."

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