US1309553A - Explosive - Google Patents
Explosive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1309553A US1309553A US1309553DA US1309553A US 1309553 A US1309553 A US 1309553A US 1309553D A US1309553D A US 1309553DA US 1309553 A US1309553 A US 1309553A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- explosives
- gun cotton
- explosive
- cotton
- high grade
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title description 76
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 68
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 56
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 46
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 18
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- FVHAWXWFPBPFOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzene Chemical class CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1C FVHAWXWFPBPFOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-propanetrioltrinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229940014995 Nitroglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 10
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 nitro hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- PLAZTCDQAHEYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Nitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O PLAZTCDQAHEYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000251729 Elasmobranchii Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010019233 Headache Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940082615 Organic nitrates used in cardiac disease Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000869 headache Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethylbenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/18—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
- Y10S261/43—Air coolers
Definitions
- My invention relates particularly to the production of high explosives having advantageous characteristics as hereinafter pointed out, such as blasting compositions.
- the object of my invention is to provide explosives which do not freeze at various atmospheric temperatures.
- High explosives which freeze as for example dynamites containing nitroglycerin, are the source of considerable danger in operations carried on by the use of the same, and especially because of the uncertainty of the condition of the dynamite when used, by reason of their tendency to freeze.
- Former attempts to produce non-freezing high explosives have ofttimes resulted in the production of explosives which would, in fact, freeze if the atmospheric temperature was sufliciently low, or, on the other hand, have resulted in the production of explosives which were so insensitive to detonation as to render their use hazardous.
- Nitrostarch has previously been used to produce dynamites of this character, but, if dynamites containing nitrostarch are made sufiicientlv plastic to meet the conditions desired, the explosive becomes too insensitive for the purposes desired, or else of such a character that it will freeze at atmospheric temperatures.
- compositions made in accordance with my invention are detonatable and can be used in commercial blasting, and in addition as military explosives, as for example, in bombs, grenades, mines, torpedoes, etc. Furthermore, the compositions made in accordance with my invention do not become insensitive to detonation by absorption of moisture, but can absorb as much as 3 to 10% of moisture while still being detonatable.
- compositions are very insensitive to shock and can Withstand the impact of a rifle bullet or a 1 lb. shot from a cannon without detonating. Furthermore, they can be safely compressed to a high density without danger of explosion, but will even then still detonate when a suitable blasting cap is applied thereto.
- the object of my invention is, therefore, to produce non-freezing explosives avoiding the above disadvantages by the use of such gun cotton having a high degree of nitration and a liquid organic nitro compound or organic nitrate.
- non-freezing explosives may be made in accordance with my invention as follows:
- gun cotton of a high degree of nitration such for example as gun cotton containing approximately 13% of nitrogen and commonly referred to in the trade as high grade.
- liquid organic nitro compounds or organic nitrates such as nitrobenzol or nitroglycerin
- a prod uct extremely insensitive to detonation is obtained.
- a high-grade gun cotton is mixed with liquid organic nitro compounds or nitrates, a mixture is obtained which detonates completely and easily with commercial blasting caps.
- compositions may be used alone, if desired, but I find that it is preferable to use in conjunction therewith oxygen-carrying salts, such for instance as sodium or potassium nitrate.
- oxygen-carrying salts such for instance as sodium or potassium nitrate.
- Explosives made in this manner do not freeze at any atmospheric temperature, and they may be made very plastic and with the desired density and with varying degrees of explosive strengths, according to the nature of the work for which they are to be used. Furthermore, by producing explosives which do not contain nitroglycerin, the severe and nauseating headaches and other disagreeable and dangerous maladies which result from the handling of explosives containing nitroglycerin are avoided.
- an explosive made in accordance with my invention would be the This composition may, however. be varied to a considerabledegree by varying the proportions or lpy adding other ingredients to give explosives having diflerent strengths, velocities of detonation, densities, etc.
- compositions furthermore, it is to be understood that many other nitro derivatives of hydrocarbons may be used instead of the nitroxylenes, as for example nitrobenzol, nitrotoluol and other homologues of the benzene series.
- nitrated hydrocarbon or nitro-hydrocarbon as used throughout the specification and claims include nitro-xylene, nitrobenzene, nitrotoluene or other nitrated homologues of the benzene series, or, since they are substantial equivalents for the present purpose, a mixture of two or more of these nitro compounds.
- the ternr high grade guncotton used in the specification and claims, refers to an insoluble nitrocellulose having a nitrogen content of 13% or above, whether the nitrocellulose is obtained by the nitration of cotton or by the nitration of some other form of cellulose.
- nitrocellulose of high nitration either alone or mixed with nitrocellulose of lower nitration, may be taken advantage of also by using nitroglycerin instead of the other organic nitro compounds hereinabove referred to.
- I may use barium nitrate.
- I claim 1 An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton and a liquid organic nitrated compound.
- An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton and a liquid nitro derivative of a hydrocarbon.
- An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton and a nitroxylol.
- An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton, a liquid nitrated hydrocarbon, and an oxygen-carrying salt.
- An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton, a liquid nitrated hydrocarbon, soluble gun cotton, and an oxygen-carrying salt.
- An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton, a nitroxylol, and sodium nitrate.
- An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton, a liquid nitrated hydrocarbon, soluble gun cotton, and sodium nitrate.
- An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton, a nitroxylol, soluble gun cotton and sodium nitrate.
- An explosive compound comprising high grade gun cotton and a liquid nitro hydrocarbon in proportions respectively greater than 34% and 24% of the compound and sodium nitrate.
- An explosive composition comprising high grade gun cotton 35%, soluble gun cotton 1%, liquid nitro hydrocarbon 40%, and sodium nitrate 24%.
- An explosive composition comprising high grade gun cotton 35 to 40%, liquid nitro hydrocarbon 25 to 40% and sodium nitrate 25 to 35%.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
WENDELL R. SWINT, 0F WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, ASSIGNOR TO E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY, OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, A CORPORATION OF Patented July 8, 1919.
DELAWARE.
EXPLOSIVE.
1,309,553, Specification of Letters Patent.
No Drawing. Application filed January 31, 1918. Serial No. 214,638.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, WVENDELL R. SWINT, of WVilmington, in the county of New Castle, and in the State of Delaware, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Explosives, and do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.
My invention relates particularly to the production of high explosives having advantageous characteristics as hereinafter pointed out, such as blasting compositions.
The object of my invention is to provide explosives which do not freeze at various atmospheric temperatures. High explosives which freeze, as for example dynamites containing nitroglycerin, are the source of considerable danger in operations carried on by the use of the same, and especially because of the uncertainty of the condition of the dynamite when used, by reason of their tendency to freeze. Former attempts to produce non-freezing high explosives have ofttimes resulted in the production of explosives which would, in fact, freeze if the atmospheric temperature was sufliciently low, or, on the other hand, have resulted in the production of explosives which were so insensitive to detonation as to render their use hazardous. Nitrostarch has previously been used to produce dynamites of this character, but, if dynamites containing nitrostarch are made sufiicientlv plastic to meet the conditions desired, the explosive becomes too insensitive for the purposes desired, or else of such a character that it will freeze at atmospheric temperatures.
I have discovered, however, that nonfreezing explosives can be made avoiding the above disadvantages if I use as a basis thereof gun cotton of a high degree of nitration together with a liquid organic nitro compound or organic nitrate. Furthermore, compositions made in accordance with my invention are detonatable and can be used in commercial blasting, and in addition as military explosives, as for example, in bombs, grenades, mines, torpedoes, etc. Furthermore, the compositions made in accordance with my invention do not become insensitive to detonation by absorption of moisture, but can absorb as much as 3 to 10% of moisture while still being detonatable. Again said compositions are very insensitive to shock and can Withstand the impact of a rifle bullet or a 1 lb. shot from a cannon without detonating. Furthermore, they can be safely compressed to a high density without danger of explosion, but will even then still detonate when a suitable blasting cap is applied thereto.
The object of my invention is, therefore, to produce non-freezing explosives avoiding the above disadvantages by the use of such gun cotton having a high degree of nitration and a liquid organic nitro compound or organic nitrate.
* Further objects of my invention will appear from the detailed description thereof contained hereinafter.
WVhile my invention is capable of embodiment in many different forms, for the purpose of illustration I shall describe only certain forms of my invention hereinafter.
For example, non-freezing explosives may be made in accordance with my invention as follows: In making such non-freezing explosives, I make use of gun cotton of a high degree of nitration, such for example as gun cotton containing approximately 13% of nitrogen and commonly referred to in the trade as high grade. When gun cotton containing a somewhat lower percentage of nitrogen is dissolved or colloided by liquid organic nitro compounds or organic nitrates, such as nitrobenzol or nitroglycerin, a prod uct extremely insensitive to detonation is obtained. When, however, a high-grade gun cotton is mixed with liquid organic nitro compounds or nitrates, a mixture is obtained which detonates completely and easily with commercial blasting caps. Such compositions may be used alone, if desired, but I find that it is preferable to use in conjunction therewith oxygen-carrying salts, such for instance as sodium or potassium nitrate. Explosives made in this manner do not freeze at any atmospheric temperature, and they may be made very plastic and with the desired density and with varying degrees of explosive strengths, according to the nature of the work for which they are to be used. Furthermore, by producing explosives which do not contain nitroglycerin, the severe and nauseating headaches and other disagreeable and dangerous maladies which result from the handling of explosives containing nitroglycerin are avoided.
One example of an explosive made in accordance with my invention would be the This composition may, however. be varied to a considerabledegree by varying the proportions or lpy adding other ingredients to give explosives having diflerent strengths, velocities of detonation, densities, etc.
By using-in addition certain percentages of gun cotton of a lower degree of nitration, as for example the commonly used soluble gun cotton containing about 12.25% of nitrogen,.I can, furthermore, obtain explosives having the physical and explosive characteristics of the gelatin dynamites. Explosives made in this manner have all of the advantageous characteristics of gelatin dynamites while avoiding their disadvantages.
One example of such an explosion would be the following:
Gun cotton of high nitration 35% Gun cotton of lower nitration 1% Liquid nitroxylenes 40% Sodium nitrate 24% The proportions of the ingredients in this composition may, of course, be varied to a considerable extent and other ingredients may be added thereto, if desired.
In any of these compositions, furthermore, it is to be understood that many other nitro derivatives of hydrocarbons may be used instead of the nitroxylenes, as for example nitrobenzol, nitrotoluol and other homologues of the benzene series.
The expressions nitrated hydrocarbon or nitro-hydrocarbon, as used throughout the specification and claims include nitro-xylene, nitrobenzene, nitrotoluene or other nitrated homologues of the benzene series, or, since they are substantial equivalents for the present purpose, a mixture of two or more of these nitro compounds. The ternr high grade guncotton, used in the specification and claims, refers to an insoluble nitrocellulose having a nitrogen content of 13% or above, whether the nitrocellulose is obtained by the nitration of cotton or by the nitration of some other form of cellulose.
Furthermore, it will be understood that the advantageous characteristics obtained by using nitrocellulose of high nitration, either alone or mixed with nitrocellulose of lower nitration, may be taken advantage of also by using nitroglycerin instead of the other organic nitro compounds hereinabove referred to.
Furthermore, instead of the sodiumand potassium nitrate referred to, I may use barium nitrate.
WVhile I have described my invention above in detail, I wish it to be understood that many changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention.
I claim 1. An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton and a liquid organic nitrated compound.
2. An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton and a liquid nitro derivative of a hydrocarbon.
3. An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton and a liquid nitro derivative of an aromatic hydrocarbon.
4. An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton and a nitroxylol.
5. An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton, a liquid nitrated hydrocarbon, and soluble gun cotton.
6. An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton, a liquid nitrated hydrocarbon, and an oxygen-carrying salt.
7. An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton, a liquid nitrated hydrocarbon, soluble gun cotton, and an oxygen-carrying salt.
8. An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton, a liquid nitrated hydrocarbon, and sodium nitrate.
9. An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton, a nitroxylol, and sodium nitrate.
10. An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton, a liquid nitrated hydrocarbon, soluble gun cotton, and sodium nitrate.
11. An explosive composition containing high grade gun cotton, a nitroxylol, soluble gun cotton and sodium nitrate.
12. An explosive compound comprising high grade gun cotton and a liquid nitro hydrocarbon in proportions respectively greater than 34% and 24% of the compound and sodium nitrate.
13. An explosive composition comprising high grade gun cotton 35%, soluble gun cotton 1%, liquid nitro hydrocarbon 40%, and sodium nitrate 24%.
14. An explosive composition comprising high grade gun cotton 35 to 40%, liquid nitro hydrocarbon 25 to 40% and sodium nitrate 25 to 35%.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand.
WVEN DELL R. SWINT.
Witnesses:
P. E. STRIGKLAND, H. L. BRADLEY.
copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0."
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1309553A true US1309553A (en) | 1919-07-08 |
Family
ID=3377063
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US1309553D Expired - Lifetime US1309553A (en) | Explosive |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1309553A (en) |
-
0
- US US1309553D patent/US1309553A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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