US1304948A - Charles dear- - Google Patents
Charles dear- Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1304948A US1304948A US1304948DA US1304948A US 1304948 A US1304948 A US 1304948A US 1304948D A US1304948D A US 1304948DA US 1304948 A US1304948 A US 1304948A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ingot
- steel
- interior
- prevent
- bath
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001948 caffeine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Description
y 55 The best results, however,
m ears an FFTQES GHARLES DEAR, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE MIBIS STEEL COMPANY LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.
MANUFACTURE or STEEL.
No Drawing.
To all whom it may 0012061 12:
Be it known that 1, CHARLES DEAR, a sub ject of the King of England, residing in London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to the manufacture of steel and is of a process to give the steel a treatment whereby a better steel shall result than if the said treatment be not employed.
The present invention provides a process for the treatment of steel by which a freshlycast ingot is, before its interior is set solid, immersed in Water or in an aqueous solution and is kept submerged therein suiiiciently long to prevent recalescence of the ingot after it has been removed from the said liquid.
In a modified form of process according to this invention a freshly-cast ingot that has not cooled to a temperature so low as to entirely solidify the interior is immersed in Water or an aqueous solution and is kept submerged therein suificiently long to prevent recalescence after its removal from submersion, for example the ingot may be stripped from the mold or taken from the soaking pit and thus immersed.
Some of the advantages resulting from this invention may be obtained if an ingot above the temperature of recalescence, and before it has been rolled or has otherwise had its surface mechanically Worked, is im mersed in water or an aqueous solution and kept submerged long enough to prevent recalescence after it has been removed from the said liquid.
In any case the best results are obtained if the solution in which the ingot is immersed be one containing solutes, such as will upon the immersion of the ingot liberate hydrogen at the surface of contact of ingot with the solution.
"it will be understood, therefore, that by this iifilention an ingot may be plunged either directly the mold has been stripped from it, or alternatively after it has been in the soaking p it for some time, or again alternatively at anytime provided 1ts surface has not been mechanically worked, as for example by rolling, and if it be at a temperature above that of recalescence. are obtained if Specification of Letters Patent.
Fit-tented May 27, 1919.
Application filed December 30, 1916. Serial No. 139,910.
the ingot be plunged as soon as practicableafter the mold has been stripped from it and while'its interior is still fluid or semifiuid. The sudden contraction of the shell gives rise to a strong compressive action upon the contents of the ingot and it is to this that we attribute some of the beneficial results of the treatment. Other beneficial results follow from the production of hydrogen at the surface of contact of the in get with the solution; these results are best promoted by employing a solution containing materials which either themselves liberate or promote liberation of hydrogen under the conditions stated.
The beneficial results of the treatment are not confined, as might be expected, to a superficial layer of the material, but appear to penetrate so deeply into the ingot as to affect its whole mass. 0
'The duration of immersion in any case has to be such. that recalescence does not take place in the open air after the ingot has been removed from the liquid, before it is returned to the soaking pits, and if they are taken from the soaking pit to the bath by reason of insufiiciency of plant or other causes preventing their being treated direct from the molds, then they should be immersed at above a temperature of 800 C. WVhen thus treated from the soaking pit they should preferably be allowed first to cool slightly in such a way that the exterior is colder than the interior, as is the case with ingots direct from the mold.
The liquid of the bath should preferably be at a temperature of between 110 and 120 F. and there must be a suflicient quantity of the liquid to provide a thick layer all around the ingot.
It has heretofore been proposed to treat steel with gas, fluids, or solids in order to introduce hydrogen thereintoand such processes have been applied to high carbon and low carbon steel; it hasfurthermore been proposed to immerse billets in various liquid compounds but difficulty has arisen from cracking of the billets and other undesirable results. It is found that if the steel be taken in ingot form and treated by the process of this invention, it is in a form that is more favorable to such treatment than any heretofore employed and ingots can be treated containing 1.4% of carbon and the thus treated steel can be rolled without cracking.
Moreover, it is found that an ingot of 0.5% carbon steel treated according to this invention produces a steel approximately ashard as 0.7% carbon steel treated-in the formof billets.
The general effect of this process is to enhance the toughness of the steel and its ductility. The process is applicable, with advantageous results, to alloy steels, such, for
example, as nickel steel. 7
What Iclaim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is i 1, The process of making steel, comprising the steps of casting an ingot, stripping the mold therefrom While. the interior of thein got is still molten, submerging the strippedv ingot as quicklyaspossible and before its interior hass'et solid, completely beneath the surfaceof an aqueous bath andkeeping the ingot thus submerged long, enough to prevent it from, recalescing at its surface when removed from the bath.
2. The process of making steel comprising the steps of casting an ingot, stripping the mold from the ingot While the interior is still molten, placing the ingotin a soaking pit inwhich thetemperature is such as to prevent'theinterior of the ingot from setting quickly, removing the ingot from the soaking'pit before'the interior of the ingot has ceased to be fluid, then plunging the ingotin an aqueous bath to quickly solidify the metal and retaining the ingot in the bath long enough to cool it sufficiently to prevent it from recalescing in the open air When removed.
3. The process of making steel comprising the step of casting an ingot, stripping the mold therefrom as soon as the surface is hardened I sufficiently to permit it to I be stripped,,p1acing:the ingot in a soaking pit in which the temperature is sufiiciently 1 high to prevent the interior of the ingot from setting quickly, removing the ingot from the pit While the interior is still fluid, allowing the ingot tocool slightly to form a coolskin, then, plungingthe ingot, While its interior is still fluid into an aqueous bath to quickly solidify the metal. and retain it in the bath long enough to cool it sufliciently to prevent it from recalescing in theopen air when removed.
In testimony Whereof I have signed my name to this specification. 7
CHARLES DEAR Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the fGiimmissioner ofIPatents,
Washington, I C.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1304948A true US1304948A (en) | 1919-05-27 |
Family
ID=3372479
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US1304948D Expired - Lifetime US1304948A (en) | Charles dear- |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1304948A (en) |
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0
- US US1304948D patent/US1304948A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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