US1282381A - Method of making calcium cyanamid. - Google Patents

Description

@Iconen 41a cox, or rr-IAefAnA" 1 if:.,A -r.r.s'I,V new Your, AssIe'Nonro AMEBrcAN cYANAgm l comm, orf-NEW Youre-N; Y., A conroaAzreIoNor MArNEf citizen'tof the United "States,` residing' at Niagara Falls, in the-county of Niagara an'd State of New York,` have invented cerf tainV new and useful Improvements in Methods of Making Caleiln VCyanamid; and. I do hereby declare the following to be a 4 full,- clear, and exactdescriptionof the-inture of commerclal calcium cyanamid andV has for its objecttoaccomplish theseresults in a manner'lnore. simple and efficient than.

-has been heretofore proposed.` novel ste si constituting my process, as' will4 To these ends the invention consists'iu the be more illy hereinafter d islo'sedland par# ticularly pointed out inthe claini.'

Referring to the accompanying forniinga part oi"tl1is`l speellicatlon*7 the' fig# `ure'iyisa diagraimuatic' illustration of. anali- `paratus suitable forcarrvmg outthe lnven be disclosed. l In said dravvings,g,A;-repre- 4' saysevral hundred feet to'the nit-riyin 'In order that Vthe .precise invention may be the niorefclearly understood 'it is saidz Outside the nited States it has heretofore been cu'stmuar) i from calcium c rljd to linelyv divide the, carbid as bygrin ing,' to fill with thegro'undv carbid at the'gunding-,- apparatus, suitable combustible .inner containers held in strong' perforated.' outer' contamer-s, and togtr'ansport said4 lilled containers for a distance of ovens,l and to then place .said flledouterfan 4inner containers-inside-said ovens. 4

1 i In bringingv abouttlhe reaction between the-.nitrogen presentand Vthe finely-ground carbid. it is of course very desirable, indeed. that the nitrogen thoroughly permeate, the interstices between the-dust like particles of I' .carbid for otherwise an elicientnitrication of the carbid is not ha'd.

I have discovered through repeated tests that the bestresults are not attained -by following the above. mentionedv customary practice of charging the finely ground carbid i into its suitablv lined outer container 'by the. usual procedure of standing the container under the silo holding the ground carbid and filling the same. s

drawing., 'i

making calcium cyanan'iid 4suitableinsulation for' saidiresistor; Hal'lf f VIn carrying out 'this' nventl'o then dischar Y y It seelnsthat? the handlingofthe only. a.- few 4.hundred feetxby the lusual; trans- "port devices-of trucks, `cranes;' ete,"probablyv alters the physical condition" ofy the'V mafssiof! carbid, so that 'by 4thetix'ne-it yhas been' transtreating the ,carbid with nitrogen,V -theinten j' s tices betuee'n 'the particles ,have par 5i tially closed, vor 4thefphysical condition has otherwise suffered so muhthati'onedoes-not 4obtain the best `results in the subsequent: treatment.

It has notproveniadvantageousin prac;4 70

"ticerto'build the grinding 'and carbidI Stor-1.

age equipmentl in, close proximity to all of the 'many 'unxtsrrequired for' n1t-rification,

4and therefore, it is a universal practicelto transfer Vby means of trucks,.andlcran`es,'- the -1 75 I loaded container to v.thel nitrifying` appara-- tus,and to lower itto its place'msidethe saine..` My invention 'is'desined toeliminate the` above mentioned di's'a from 'the 4place yol storage to'thezrurnace Where it is nitriied in the mannennow-to ysents'j-lie outer'ivall of a nitrif'ying' furnace 85 or even, B a 'cover `for-said oven, Cl '-a .refractory'liningv for the oven. D?"an inlet Outerjcontainery I povided with "an -inn'erl c-on-I 00 according to practice heretofore"4- filled vvith finely' groundl carbid' '-J. at. the-grinding' ap.-

' params, instead ofiattlieoveng and -M? fthe r l l ,usual space for theiiiitrogenlb'etwee conta iner "-H 'andthe lining. C

` tile or other envel'o `,orlinng aud insertthe same .empty intolt 4e furnace Af lI loadflllo fordischargin-,grv the car id fiorn its bottom,"A

This vtransport container.- ist'l'len 'picked u by the. truck, Acrane or. other dev-ige an moved lto af point immediately ove'lthe ful. nace. It isthen lowered i'nsidefsaid envelop a nd'container r'close tothe bottom of the same. Thecarbid held b v-the transport container isinto the sai 'envelop and at the same time the transport'container isnvslightly raised so through its bottom opening lthat the mass' of'carbid L during the filling operation drops through only avery short [free space into the 'final furnace container H andl has its interstices, or pores opened 5- to 'a maximum extent. f I

This method of -lilling the empty nitrifying containers H after they are in place in ythe furnace therefore results in very much greater orosity, inl the mass, and the elii- 10. ciency ogthentrification of the carbid as' is evidenced by-the results obtained.

, That ,is to'say, experiments carriedout on 'an extended .manufacturing scaleshowed i thatfin', Experiment 1,- where 17 full sized 15 commercial units H were filled While in .the ovens A as compared with 24 con-, tainers lled outsidethe ovens by the old method, 'and 'then transported tothe ovens,

all charged with identically the saine material and nitriied in identically the same type of furnace, and under the same conditifms,the`

'fixation of nitrogen was 2.8% better, and the percentageof efficiency With-Which the carcontainers H charged with carbid While in .fthe-furnace A In Experiment 2, where 24 containers H were loaded by the old practice, and 29 by the' method disclosed in this specification, th'e iguresfshow respectively 2.5% greater .in n1trog'e' entent,4 40% lower in remaining inside the ovens.

fel-red tothe ovens and l() containers Were bid-'was utilized, 3.3% better in favor of the ev carbidand '4% greater in carbid liciency in favor of the conperlment 3,' Where 12 'containers' -vvere loaded by the, old method land transcharged in place inthe ovens the figures were 2.7% greater nitrogen fixation, 7%

' lower in unnitrified carbid and 3&7@ greater carbid efliciency.in favor of the containers loaded in the ovens. r This new process of container loading has .also shovvn consist ently better results in the quality of the prodi'ict made, it being higher in nitrogen process.

' It 1s self' evident that those skilled in the art may vary the. above procedure Without departing from-the spirit ofthe invention,

and therefore, I do not wish to betlimited to the abov'edisclosure exceptas may be requiredby' the claim. y What I claim iszf- 4 The process of producing `compounds of carbids and nitrogen which consists in pro-4 viding a suitable container for carrying on the reaction; insertingsa'id contalner into the furnacein which said reaction .1s to be completed; .charging said carbidyin a finely 1 5 and .lower in remaining unnitr-ified. carbid, and 1t also shows a much better utilizationv 'of the calcium carbid consumed 1n the divided condition into said ,container in place; and subjecting said mass of charged carbid to the requisite temperature in thel presence of nitrogen to form 's'a-idcompounds, substantially as described. l

In testimony whereof I aix my signature in presence `of two Witnesses.'A

GEORGE E. cox. Witnesses WALTER S. LADIs, A. ANDERSON.

Images