US1282346A - Grate. - Google Patents

Description

I. S. WILSON.

GRATE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. II.

' Patented 0015.221918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

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pl 00000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000 1 00000000000000 OOOOOOOOcNOOOO 00000000000000 000900050000000 00000000000000 00000000000000 0000 0000000 J. S. WlLSON.

GRATEQ APPLICATION FILED NOV-7.19K?.

1,282,346. Patented Oct'. 22, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

l. S. WILSON.

GRATE.

APPLICATION man Nov.1.1911.

SHEET 3.

Patented Oct. 22

3 S H EET S attouwg S.

NI SA i FTQ.

GRATE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Got. 22, 1918.

Application led November 7, 1917. Sera1No.200,764.

To all whomz't may concern.'

Be it known that I, JAMES S. WILSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Scranton, in the county of Lackawanna and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gratos, of which the following is a speciiication.`

This invention relates to grates of that type in which the sections comprising the grate a're mounted upon rocking bearing bars whereby the grate may be dumped. Ordinarily, the sections of such a grate are positively secured to the bearing bars either by being bolted thereto, riveted in place, or secured by some other positive fastening means. Therefore, when it becomes necessary to replace one of the sections or to remove a section for the purpose of making repairs, the bolt must be removed, the rivet cut, or whatever other type of fastening device is employed must be manipulated so as to permit of removal of the section. As such fastening devices are of necessity located beneath the grate, considerable inconvenience is experienced in removing a section from such a grate and, furthermore, the operation requires considerable time. Realizing the disadvantages resulting from the use of positive means for securing the sections of a grate of this type upon the rocking bars, I have aimed in the present 1nvention to provide a rocking bar and grate section so constructed that the sections may be readily mounted upon the rocking bar, will be firmly held against upward displace` ment, when'the bar is rocked to dump the grate, and under all other conditions, and yet may be readily removed from the rocking bar merely by being lifted upwardly. Thus the necessity of Working beneath the grate in order to disconnect a section thereof is obviated and the necessary repairs may be made in a much shorter space of time.

The present invention is also designed as an improvement over the grate structure shown in my copending application filed April 24, 1917, Serial Number 164,140. Both the structure of the copending application and that of the present invention, are designed for the burning of culm or other extremely fine grades of coal. A grate designed for this purpose must have its draft perfor-ations relatively minute and they must be more or less evenly distributed throughout the entire area of the grate and must all be of substantially the same size or possess such other characteristics that the draft passing upwardly through the grate will be no stronger at one point than at another, generally speaking. The grate -is made up in eachinstance of sections arranged side by side and end to end, each section having its body formed with a number of relatively minute perforations distributed in a uniform manner. If the meeting or adjacent ends of the sections were permitted to rest in snug contact to each other, it is obvious that at the adjacent and meeting ends of the sections, there would be little or no draft and as a result the bed of fuel would not be evenly supplied with draft. Therefore, it is desirable that the meeting ends of adjacent sections of grate be slightly spaced so as to provide between them a draft passage which will supply draft to substantially the same extent as would be the case if the grate surface was integral throughout and provided in all portions of its area with the perforations mentioned. However, if there is merely a vertical passage provided between the meeting ends of adjacent sections of the grate the draft, being direct, will be stronger than at other portions of the grate surface and as a result `holes would be blown through the fuel at the said meeting ends of adjacent sections. Therefore, in the present structure, as well as in the structure of the copending application, a broken or tortuous passage is provided between the meeting ends of adjacent grate sections so that the draft will be sufliciently broken up to prevent the blowing of holes through the fuel.

In order that the draft passage provided between the meeting ends of adjacent sections of the grate may be effective at all times, it is essential, because of its tortuous nature, that it he kept clear of accumulations of small particles of fuel, ashes, etc., and the present invention, therefore, has as a further aim to so form the meeting ends of adjacent sections of the grate that a portion of the air current-s passing upwardly through the passages between the said ends of the sections, will be deflected in a manner to keep clear the under surfaces of the passages and also to retard the progress and reduce the force of the ascending air currents entering the passage.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan view of al portion of a grate constructed in accordance with the present invention. 1

Fig. 2 is a detail vertical sectional view on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one end of one of the bearing bars for the grate section. v

Fig. 4 is a detail vertical longitudinal sectional view through the meeting ends of tWO adjacent sections.

Fig. 5 is ai vdetail vertical sectional view through one of the bearingbars and illustrating in elevation the normal position thereon of the saddle of one of the grate sections.

Fig. 6 is a similar view but illustrating the manner in which the saddle is to be tilted in orderl to provide for removal of the grate section from the bearing bar.

Fig. 7 is a side elevation of one of the bearing bars.

Fig. 8 is a bottom plan view of one end of one of the sections.

Fig. 9 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view illustrating the positions assumed by the parts when a clinker or the like becomes lodged between the meeting ends of adjacent sections of the grate in the closing of the grate.

rlhe bearing bar of the grate is indicated in general by the numeral 1, the bar proper being indicated by the numeral 2 and being provided at its ends with heads 3 and 4. Each of the heads is provided upon its outer face near its upper side with a trunnion 5 and these trunnions are seated in suitable bearings within the fire box of the furnace and support the bcaringbars for rocking movement. rlhe head 3 of each bearing bar is provided with a downward extension 6 upon the inner face of which. is formed or provided a pin 7, and pivotally connected with the pins 7 of the several bars in a front to rear series, is an operating rod 8i which may be moved forwardly and rearwardly so as to rock the bearing bars and tilt the grate sections to dumping position. The numeral 9 indicates members between which the bearing bars are mounted for rocking movement and in order to prevent the draft passing too forcibly up between the heads 3 and 4 and the'respective members 9, and yet provide for the desired degree of draft, the outer face of eachfhead 3 and 4 is formed with a relatively thin boss 10, which surrounds the trunnion 5 and serves to slightly space the upper portions of the said heads from the respective members 9 and thereby provide a narrow draft passage. The said upper portion of each head is preferably slightly thickened, as indicated by the numeral 11, and this thickened portion is formed in its under side with a rounded groove 12 which extends throughout the length of the thickened portion. It will now be'appar'ent that air currents pass up between the heads 3 and 4 and the respective members 9 and striking the curved wall of the groove 12, will be broken up and whirled to such an extent that they will not pass too forcibly up through the passages or spaces provided between the said heads and the said members 9.

The bearing bar proper has its upper edge beveled, as indicated by the numeral 13, the bevel extending downwardly toward the forward side of the said bar and the bar at it-s lower edge is formed upon its said side or face, with a forwardly extending seating flange 14, the upper face 0f which is inclined downwardly and forwardly, as indicated by the numeral 15. Above Aits lower edge and upon its other face the bearing bar is formed with a locking shoulder 16, and the said seating flange-14 and locking shoulder 16 extend the entire length of the bar and serve in conjunction with the vbeveled upper edge 13 of the bar, a purpose to be presently explained. Each of the grate sections embodying the invention comprises a body 17 having flat upper and under faces and the body of each section is formed throughout its area with a plurality of relatively minute draft openings 18 which are symmetrically arranged and preferably substantially equi-distantly spaced so as t0 equally distribute the draft throughout the area of the said section. Each of the openings 18 is preferably of conical form, the

minor end opening through the upper surface of the body 17 and the lower end through the under surface thereof, so that :any small particles of fuel or ashes entering` the upper end of any of the openings will not lodge in the opening but will fall through same and into the ash pit. The grate sections are oblong and each has its upper face at its rear end recessed, as indicated by the numeral 19, the`inner wall'20 of the recess being inclined downwardly and rearwardly at a slight angle and, in fact, nearly approaching the vertical, and the bottom wall of the recess being inclined downwardly and rearwardly as indicated by the numeral 21, at an angle nearly approaching the horizontal. The recess 19 extends the entire width of the said rear end of the section and within the recess the section is formed substantially midway between the ends of the recess, with a lug 22, which is received loosely in a recess to be presently described and which is of sufficient width to bridge the air passage provided between the meeting endsof adjacent sections, as will be apparent byreference to Figs. 1 and 4 of the drawings, so that in raking the fuel over the grate the poker will not be liable to catch in the upper end of the passage. The body 17 of each section has its forward edge inclined downwardly and rearwardly, as indicated by the numeral 23, the 4angle of inclination of this portion being slightly greater than that of the inner wall 20 of the recess 19, however, so that when two of the sections are disposed end to end, a draft passage, indicated by the numeral 24 and f shown clearly in Fig. 4 of the drawings, will be formed, and this passage will be relatively narrow at its upper end but due to the difference in the angle of inclination of the edge surface 23 and recess wall 20, will greatly increase in size toward its lower end. At the bottom of the inclined edge surface 23 the under side of the body 17 is inclined downwardly and rearwardly, as indicated by the numeral 25, this inclined surface opposing the surface 21 but being much narrower than the said surface 21. Also, the surface 25 is located .substantially above or opposite the central portion of the surface 21 or, in other words, about midway between the inner and'outer edges of the bottom wall of the recess 19. Rearwardly of the surface 25 the under side of the body 17 is formed throughout its width with a downwardly presented groove 26 the wall of which is curved from front to rear. The groove 26 is so located that nearly the entire area of its wall is located opposite the rear portion of the .surface 2l and it will be observed that the lower portion of the wall of the groove at the rear side of the groove is spaced rearwardly from the rear edge of the wall 21 of the recess 19 so as to provide an inlet to the draft passage 24. By reference to Fig. 4 of the drawings it will also be observed that certain of the openings 18, indicated specifically by the numeral 18a, are so located that their lower ends open through the under side of the section at the forward portion of the groove 26 and through the surface 25. In order to receive the boss 22 of an adjacent section, the forward end of the body 17 is formed with a recess 27 it being understood that the walls of the recess are spaced from the rear and lateral faces of the boss 22 when the sections are assembled so as to interfere as little as possible with the passage of air currents upwardly through the passage 24 at the point of location of the boss and recess. It will now be understood that air currents entering the lower end of the draft passage 24, will pass upwardly through the passage but will be considerably broken up before reaching the upper end of the passage and, therefore, while the upper end of the passage extends the entire length of the meeting ends of two adjacent sections, the draft delivered through the passage will not possess any greater force than the draft delivered directly through the openings 18. In other words, the passage is of such dimensions and contour that the draft delivered through the upper end thereof will be no greater in volume and force than if a line or'series of the openings 18 were located at this particular point. It will also be understood that a part of the air currents entering the lower end of the passage 24 will strike the wall 26 and will be deflected in a whirling manner in the direction of the inclined surface 21 so as to produce counter currents, or a back draft, that will further retard the ascent, and break the force of the air currents entering the passage. l

The body 17 of each of the grate sections is supported between saddle pieces 28 which are cast integral with the under side of the body 17 at the side edges thereof, the saddles 28 occupying vertical parallel planes and being preferably of the marginal outline shown clearly in Fig. 2 of the drawings. Each saddle 28 is formed with a recess 29 which opens through the lower edge of the saddle and the recess is defined by a front wall 30, a rear wall 31, and a top wall 32. The rear wall 31 extends vertically whereas the front wall 30 extends downwardly and forwardly at an angle with respect to the rear wall 31 so that the recess is of greater width at its lower end than at its upper end. Also, the top wall 32 extends downwardly and forwardly at an angle or, in other words, at an acute angle to the rear wall 31. At the bottom of the recess the forward wall 30 is more sharply inclined 100 downwardly and forwardly, as indicated by the numeral 33, so as to provide a seating recess as will be presently explained. Also for a purpose to be presently explained, the rear wall 31 is formed a short distance above 105 the bottom of the recess with a notch 34 having a downwardly and rearwardly curved rear wall 35 and a downwardly and forwardly inclined bottom wall 36. Vhen the sections are disposed upon the bearing 110 bars, the saddles will assume the positions shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings, in which position the top wall 32 of the recess 29 of each saddle will rest upon the lower edge of the surface 13, as indicated by the nu- 115 meral 37; the rear wall 31 of the recess will rest against the rear face of the respective bearing bar 2; the upper or rear portion of the surface 33 will rest upon the lower or forward portion of the surface 15 of the 120 seating ange 14; and, the shoulder 16 will be received within the notch 34 with its upper and under surfaces, however, entirely spaced from the opposing walls 35 and 36 respectively of the said notch. rIhus the 125 saddles of a section of the grate will rest firmly and securely upon the respective bearing bar 2 and yet the parts are free to expand and contract without affecting the position of the body of the section. For ex- 130 Y the bearing bar.

ample, it will be understood that inasmuch as the surfaces 15 and 33 are inclined downwardly and forwardly, as also the surfaces 13 and 32, the rear wall 31 of the recess 29 will be caused to seat firmly vagainst the rear face of the bearing bar, due to the downward and forward settling of the section by gravity; and should the saddles eX- pand to a greater degree than the bearing bar, which is likely to occur as they are sub jected to a higher degree of temperature than the bearing bars, the rear wall 31 of the recess 29 will still remain in firm contact with the rear face of the bearing bar and the surfaces 32 and 33 will merely ride down respectively over the edge of the surface 13 and over the surface 15, the surface 32 being inclined at the same angle as the surface 15. 0f course, as the parts contract when subjected to a lesser degree of temperature, the surfaces 32 and 33 will ride upwardly respectively over the lower edge of the surface 13 and over the surface 15, the rear wall of the recess 29 still remaining in firm engagement against the rear face of In the ordinary rocking of the sections in dumping the grate, the saddles 23 will not materially change their positions with relation to the bearing bars but even should a clinlrer or the like lodge between the meeting ends of adjacent sections, as shown in Fig. 9 of the drawings,

Y there would be no accidental disengagement of the rearward section from its bearing bar although it would be forced upwardly as shown in the said figure. This is due to the fact that when the forward end of the section is forced or lifted upwardly, the saddles23 of the section will be so canted upon the bearing bar that the bottom wall 36 of the notch 341 will engage against the under side of the shoulder 16, the surface of the rear wall of the bar 2 below the shoulder 16 will bear firmly against the surface 31, and the upper surface of the wall 30 will bind firmly against the adjacent surface of the bearing bar 2, thus effectually locking the saddles against farther upward movement upon the respective bearing bar. However, when it is desired or becomes necessary to remove a section from its bearing bar this may be readily accomplished by shifting the section rearwardly so as to cause the surfaces 32 and 33 to ride upwardly respectively upon the lower edge of the surface 13 and upon the surface 15 until the front wall (30 of the recess 29 is brought to position against the forward face of the bearing bar 2. Due to the .downward and forward inclination of the front wall 30 of the recess 29, when the section has`been shifted in the manner stated, the bottom wall 36 of the notch 34 will have been moved to a position considerably rearwardly of a vertical line touching Vthe rear edge of the shoulder 16 and the section may then be lifted bodily vfrom its position upon the bearing bar.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is:

1. In a grate, a bearing bar, a grate section having a saddle constructed for assemblage with the said bar, and coacting means upon the saddle and bar preventing direct upward removal of the said section from the bar and permitting of removal subsequent to tilting of the saddle in a predetermined direction at right angles to the length of the said bar.

2. In a grate, a bearing bar, a grate section having a saddle constructed for assemblage with the said bar and coacting means upon the saddle and bar for preventing direct upward removal of the said section from the bar, for automatically locking the saddle to the bar upon upward tilting of one end of the section, and permitting the removal of the section subsequent to tilting of the sec tion in the opposite direction-relative to the said Jbar.

3. In a grate, a bearing bar having a seating flange at one side and a shoulder at the other side, and a grate section having a saddle provided with a recess to Vreceive the bearing bar and having a seating surface to rest upon the seating flangeand engaging the upper side only of saidiiange, one wall of the recess having a notch to receive the said shoulder upon the bearing bar.

4. In a grate, a bearing bar having. Va shoulder upon one side thereof, and a grate section having a saddle provided with a recess to receive the bar and having in one wall of the recess a notch to receive said shoulder, the walls of the notch being spaced from'the said shoulder.

5. In a grate, a bearing bar having a seating surface at one side and a shoulder at the other side, and a grate section having a saddle constructed to straddle the bearing bar, the said saddle being provided with a bearing surface for coaction with `the seating surface upon thebar and being further provided with a notch to receive said shoulder upon thebearing bar with the walls of the notch spaced from the said shoulder.

6. In a grate, a bearing bar having a seating surface at one side and provided at its other side with a shoulder, and a grate section having a saddle formed with a recess the walls of which are designed to str addle the said bar,'the'said walls of the recess being diverged downwardly and the said saddle being provided at the lower end of one side of the recess with a bearing surface to bear downwardly upon the seating surface upon the bar and the other 'wall of the recess having a notch to loosely receive the'said shoulder. Y f

7. In a grate,a bearing bar provided at one side with Y a seating surface inclined downwardly, and a grate section having a saddle provided with a recess to receive the said bar, the recess being wider than the thickness of the bar and the said saddle having an inclined bearing surface resting against the said surface of the bar whereby by gravity the saddle will settle to position with one Wall of the recess seating rmly against one face of the said bar.

8. In a grate, a bearing bar provided with an inclined seating surface at its upper edge and an inclined seating surface at one of its faces, and a grate section having'a saddle provided with a recess to receive the bar, the

vupper wall of the said recess being inclined and resting upon the first mentioned seating surface of the bar, the said saddle being further provided with an inclined seating surface bearing against the second mentioned seating surface of the bar.

9. In a grate, a bearing bar provided at its upper edge with an inclined seating surface and provided at one face with a second inclined seating surface, the bar being provided at its other face with a shoulder, and a grate section having a saddle formed with a recess of greater width than the thickness of the bar, the upper wall of the recess being inclined to provide a bearing surface resting against the first mentioned seating surface of the bar, the said saddle being provided with a second bearing surface resting upon the second mentioned seating surface of the bar, and one wall of the recess having a notch to receive the said shoulder.

10. In a grate, a bearing bar having an inclined seating surface at one face thereof and having a shoulder at the other face, and a grate section having a saddle formed with a recess to receive the said bar and provided in one wall with a notch to receive the said shoulder, the saddle having a portion resting by gravity upon the seating surface of the bar, whereby the saddle will seat by gravity to position with the said face of the recessv resting against the shoulder face of the bar, the notch in the said wall of the recess having its walls normally spaced from the faces of the shoulder.

11. In a grate, a bearing bar, a grate section having a saddle constructed to straddle the bar, coacting means upon the saddle and bar to cause the saddle to seat by gravity in position with a surface thereof resting against one face of the said bar, the said bar at its said face being provided with a shoulder, and the said surface being formed with a notch loosely receiving the said shoulder.

l2. In a grate, a bearing bar, a grate section having a saddle formed with a recess to receive the said bar and of a width greater than the thickness of the bar, one wall of the recess resting normally against one face of the bar, the opposite wall of the recess diverging downwardly from the opposite face of the bar, the saddle at the lower end of the last mentioned wall of the recess having an inclined bearing surface and the said bar having an inclined seating surface upon which the bearing surface rests, the upper edge of the bar being formed with an inclined seating surface, the upper wall of the recess `being inclined to provide a bearing surface resting upon the last mentioned seating surface of the bar, the last nientioned seating and bearing surfaces occupying non-parallel planes in the normal positions of the parts, the first mentioned wall of the recess having a notch, and a shoulder upon that face of the bar against which the first mentioned wall 'of the recess rests, the shoulder being loosely received in said notch.

13. In a grate, sections assembled end to end with their said ends relatively spaced to provide a draft passage having relatively angularly extending branches, one of which branches has an inclined bottom wall, the upper wall of the said branch being concaved above the said inclined bottom wall to create whirling air currents within the passage sweeping over the first mentioned Wall of the branch.

v141e In a grate, sections assembled end to end with their said ends relatively separated to provide a draft passage, one wall of the passage being concaved to create whirling air currents within the passage sweeping over the opposite wall of the passage, and the latter wall being flat and inclined downwardly.

l5. In a grate, sections' assembled end to end with their said ends relatively separated to provide a draft passage, the end of one section having a surface portion concaved to create whirling currents within the passage, and one of the sections being formed with draft perforations communieating at their lower ends with the said passage.

16. A grate section formed at one end with a surface inclined downwardly and outwardly at an angle approaching the vertical and with a surface inclined downwardly and outwardly from the first mentioned surface at an angle approaching the horizontal, the other end of the section being formed with a surface inclined downwardly and inwardly at an angle approaching the vertical and with a short surface inclined downwardly and inwardly at an angle apvproaching the horizontal, and inwardly of the last mentioned surface being formed vith a concave transversely extending surace.

17. A. grate section formed at one end with a surface inclined downwardly and outwardly at an angle approaching the vertical and with a surface inclined downwardly and outwardly from the first mentioned surface at an angle approaching the horizontal, the other end of the section being formed with a surfaceinclined downwardly and inwardly at an angle approaching the vertical and with a short surface inclined downwardly and inwardly at an angle approaching the horizontal, and inwardly of the last mentioned surface being formed with a concave transversely extending surface, ther said section at its last mentioned end being formed with a draft perforation opening through the said curved surface.

18. ln a grate, sections assembled end to Copies of this patent may be obtained for end with their said ends relatively. separated to providea draft passage, the upper portion of which is nearly vertical and the lower portion of which is inclined downwardly7 the upper wall of the last-mentioned portion of the passage being coneaved whereby to create whirling currents of air within the said lower portion of the passage sweeping over the 'bottom wall of the said portion.

In testimony whereof I afiX my signature.

' JAMES s. wrLsoN. {La} five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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