US1270558A - Carbureter. - Google Patents

Description

W. SCOTT.

CARBURETER.

APPLlcAnoN FILED JULY 2o. |914.

Mmmm@ f Patented June 25,19@

www WMM@ W. SCOTT.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED IULY 20.1914.

I Patented .I une 25, 1918.

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W. SCOTT.

CARBURETEH. APPLICATION FILED IuLY 20'. 1914.

Patentedlune 25, 1918.

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3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ASOL E/I/E WILLIM SCOTT, OF MEMFORD, MASSACHUSETTS.

CARB'URETER.

Specication'of Letters Patent. Panbgmtwl Jun@ 25, 19m

Application led July 20, 1914. Serial Ito-851,956.

To all whom 'it may concern.'

Be it known that I, WILLIAM SCOTT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Medford, in the county of Middlesex and State ofMassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and usethe same.

The present invention relates to an improvement in 'carbureters It is desirable that the carbureter, for supplying a mixture of air and vaporized gasolene to an internal combustion engine, should deliver a homogeneous mixture. Many devices have been produced having in contemplation the production of such a vhomogeneous mixture of gasolene and air. In many carbureters the gasolene is introduced into a stream of air at the center of the stream, and tortuous passages, obstructions, and other things have been availed of to cause an intimate mixture of the gasolene and air, but in any stream of fluid the velocity of the center of the stream is greater than the velocity at a distance from the center, so the tendency of the gasolene introduced into the center of the stream of air is to remain in the center of the stream.

The principal object of the present invention is to produce a carbureter in which the gasolene 1s introduced into a' stream of air at the exterior of the stream and'ata distance from the center thereof so that as the stream flows on tothe cylinders, the particles of vaporized gasolene, being heavier than the particles of air, tend to move toward the center of the stream, as a result of which the air and the vaporized gasolene are intimately mixed and a homogeneous mixture is delivered to the cylinders. Another object of the present invention is to produce a carbureter that will deliver a homogeneous mixture of gasolene and air irrespective of the amount of mixture demanded by the engineso that at all speeds ofthe engine the mixture will be substantially identical in composition.

Other objects of the invention are pointed out in connection with the description of the specific form of carbureter illustrated in the drawings and made the subject of claims. I

To the above ends the present invention consists ot :thehcarbureter lhereinafter described and particularly detined inthe ing the preferred form of theA invention,

Figure 1 is an elevation yof the carbureter wlth a portlon shown in vertical section to show the internal construction and with the parts in the positions whichl they occupy when the carbureter is delivering a small amount of mixture suitable for idling speed;

Fig. 2 is' a sectional view on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 isa sectional elevation showing the parts in the positions which they occupy when the carbureter is delivering its full capacity of'mixturevto the engine; Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4.-4 ofFig. 3; Fig. `5 is an elevation of the gasolene control sleeve; Fi 6 is an elevation-of a modified form of t e invention; and Fig. 7 is a sectional planon the line 7-7 of Fig. 6.

The illustrated embodiment of the invention is described as follows :'I`he carbureter consists of a mixing chamber l'on the side ofwhich is mounted the float chamber 2 which delivers gasolene to the .jet,pipe.

The ioat chamber 2 discharges through the opening 3 into the passageway 4 provided with a strainer 5 for removing any impurities from the gasolene asit passes to' the jet pipe. This passageway 4 discharges into aneduction chamber 6 to which the jet pipe 7 is connected. .The mixing chamber 1 1s cylindricalin form and is embraced by the jet pipe 7 ,whichf le ds from the eduction Ichamber 6 around t ye wall of the mixing chamber. rthis jet pipe is provided with five jets 11, 12, 13, 1.4 and 15. Each of the jets projects into a corresponding air tube or inlet 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25. The air inlets are cylindrical tubes open on their outer ends and supported by the air tube ring 30 which embraces the exterior of the mixing chamber. These tubes 21, `2-2, 23, 24 and 25 register with holes 31, 32, 33 34 and 35 in.`

rie

Fig. 3, it gradually opensthe several air located, it will: be observed, in air tube l through which the currentvl'lows into the mixing chamber at right angles to the di- .indicated in Fig. 1. At this time,the upper end of the port 41 registers with the inner end of the air tube 21 so that we have` a How through the air tube 21' and port 41 into the mixing chamber. This port,as will be observed, is long. From-bottom position to top position it is always open and affords j a free and unobstructed passageway for air `and gasolene through the air tube 21 into the mixing chamber. The port 42 -is someend is so located with relation to the airwhat shorter than the port 41 and its upper tube 22 that with the sleeve 40 in bottom position the port is only partially open. The port 43'is shorter yet and the port 44 is still shorter, and the port 45 is a hole of the same size as the air tube 15. As the sl'eeve 40 is lifted from the position indi.- cated in Fig. 1 to the position indicated in tubes in their consecutive order until when the sleeve is lifted into its'position all of the air tubes are open. At intermediate positions the openings are position of the sleeve.

The sleeve is carried by a rod or pintle 50 to which is attached the lower end of the link 51 in turn pivotally attached at its vupper end to cthe arm 52 on-the under side of the butterfly -throttle valve 53. By this means, as the throttle valve is opened, the

sleeve is raised andA as it is raised it opens l more of the air tubes 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 as it rises. The butterfly throttle valve 53 issupported 0n the usual shaft-54-provided on the outside of the carbureter with the operating arm l55. On the lower or inlet end of the mixing chamber is carried the air lvalve chamber 60, the air pipe 61 provided with the cold air ports 62 projecting from one side thereof and affording an entrance for the greater portion of the air iowing through the carbureter. duplex device. The valve. opening 63 is closed by the valve disk 64, hereinafter referredto as the high speed `air valve, which seats against and closes the valve opening 63. This valve is perforated by four openings 65 in turn closed bythe valve 66, hereinafter called the 'low vspeed air valve.

lSprings 67 and'68 press respectively against the high speed air valve 64 and the low speed air valve 66and normally tend to-hold them against their seats. The pressuresv of the proportional to the The air valve is af springs against their valves are separately regulated by the adjusting screws 70 and 71, respectively, for the low speed and high speed air valves. Detents 72 and 73 respectively hold these screws in adjusted position. It will be observed that the adjust- A starting lock 74 operated by an exterior arm 75 maybe turned through an angle of approximately 90? so as to hold both valves closed when it is desired to start the engine. Under such circumstances it will be seen that all the air drawn in by the engine will be required to. enter through the air tubes 21, etc., as a result of which a large amount 'of gasolene willv be drawn in, 'and ready vstarting of the engine will be secured.

Before proceeding to a description of the mode of operation of the device, it is dc,- sired to point out that the hot air pipe secured to the pipe 61 may bev availed of to close or open the cold air ports 62 more or less-as is desired. This is an inexpensive, convenient and efficacious device for controlling the relation .o f the hot air and cold air supplied-to the carbureter.

At low or idling speeds when a small amount of fuel is required by the engine, the high speed air valve 64 will remain permanently closed and the low speed air valve 66 will be open but slightly and subjected to a very slight pressure from its supporting spring so as to ailord slight impediment to the opening of the low speed air valve under such conditions. When ythe engine speed increases and the demand for fuel is increased, then the high speed air valve will be lifted from its 'seat by the suction and a larger quantity of air proportionate to the increased volume of fuel will be admitted.

'Atl idling speeds with the throttle 53 nearly closed, the sleeve 40 will be at its` bottom position and only the air tubes 21 and 22 willbadmit air to the -mining chamber over the gasolene jets 11. and 12, therefore the gasolene will be drawn from only these two jets, a larger amount through thel air tube 21 and a smaller amount through the air tube 22, as the port 42 in the sleeve will be only partially open. As the speed of the engine increases with the opening of the .throttle 53 the sleeve 40 will be raised. As it is raised it will gradually open the air tubes, permitting additional gasolene jets to deliver gasolene to the air entering through the successive air tubes.

It is to be observed that` in starting the engine the locking of the air valves closed navetta will cause a substantial reduction of pressure in the mixing chamber owing to the suction exerted by the engine cylinders and the air drawn in through the air tubes over the gasolene jets will be drawn in violently and a considerable quantity of gasolene will be inducted into the mixing chamber so as thereby to secure a rich mixture, suitable for starting purposes when the engine is cold. When the engine starts the air valves will be unlocked and they will begin to function, thus bringing the apparatus into regular op-- erative condition. Assuming now runi'ng conditions and a light load and a low Speed, the air drawn in through the air tubes will draw in with it gasolene, and as the engine load is increased andthe throttle is opened wider, more gasolene is drawn in and with it more air, and so uniform proportions of air and gasolene are drawn in at all speeds.

The air flowing in through the air tubes flows at right angles to the direction in which the gasolene jets discharge their gasolene thereinto, and as the gasolene emerges from the jet orifices the current of air flowing olene and air-this superloaded air-enters the' mixing chamber at right angles to the direction of flow of the'air which is passing through it, and so it is required to change its direction of movement. Thus, it will beV observed, the gasolene particles are taken from the jets in a direction at right angles to the flow at the point lof emergence from the jets and introduced into a mixing chamber, and caused a second time to move in a direction at right angles to that at which it entered the chamber, so the gasolene particles are buff'eted about andthe mixing of the particles of gasolene with Athe air is efficaciously secured. Tn addition, owing tov thefact that the center of a stream lof air flows more rapidly'jthan Ithe exteriorf portions, particles of gasolene entering thefmixing chamber tend to `move toward the center of the stream of'air, and when so doing they are subjected to a furtherv tendency to be mixed with the stream of air so as to proyduce a 'mixture of uniform and homogeneous composition throughout. g

Another feature .of the construction which contributes to the homogeneity of 'the mixture is the arrangement ofthe'successively opening air tubes., Thefirst air tube 21 is located at a certain positionlin the periphvery of the mixing chamber and the secondv air tube A22 is located nearly .opposite the first, so that as the air tubes discharge their mixture of gasolene and air into the mixing chamber they are discharged from opposing points toward each other and upon the stream of air flowing at right angles to them, so that we have, for example, with the throttle wide open, five streams direct-` ed at the axis of a single stream flowing at right angles to the five, thereby securing all of the four, so that when all five streams l of air and gasolene are entering the air chamber through the five air tubes, a. con-'jl dition is secured in which five separate radially inwardlydirected streams of air and gasolene are projected each against every other stream and all tive are directed into a stream of air moving at right angles to them all. Thus is obtained an intimate and homogeneous mixture of the gasolene and air. It has been found in practice to be desirable to regulate the relative areas of the several jets, and in the carbureter of the drawings their diameters are as follows jet 1. .030" diameter; jet 2, .035; jet 3, .035; jet 4, .025"; and jet 5, .020. The total area of the jetstis much larger than the totalarea of the jet or jets used in carbu-reters supplying as many cubic feet of mixture as is capable of being supplied by this carbureter. AWhile the area orifices ot the jets have been increased, the amount of gasolene consumed in making the mixture has been reduced, and, paradoxical as it may appear, the fact remains that the result of increasing the area of the orifices of the jets has been to reduce the gasolene consumption. ln a carbureter ofjthe construe tion of the drawings, having an opening through the gasolene sleeve of an inch and a half in diameter, suflicient gas maybe mixed and delivered to` a gasolene engine A lene to the gasolene jet` 101 which. corresponds in position toftliejet 13 in the first described construction, and the kerosene The gasolene float chamberl 100 delivers gase-I chamber delivers kerosene to the kero v sene jets 112,113, 114 and 115. The gasolene control sleeve is similar to the gasolene control sleeve 40 except that'the port -or the gasolene jet 10]; is a round hole coI-,V

101, so that after theengine is started the gasolene tube` wi ll be cut off bythe sleeve 120 byv the'non-registrypf the port corre- ,responding lin size to the air tube of. the jet sponding to the gasolene jet 101. Tf desired. thewport inthe sleeve 120 for the gasolene ,jet 101 may be so shaped as to permit'. i

the drawing of more or`less gasolene vapor into the 'mixture at. all times Aduring running. For. example, it might be so shaped iat as to permit more gasolene to enter with the throttle narrowly closed and gradually less gasolene to` enter as the throttle opening widened. `The kerosene'jets 112, 113, 114

and 115 open in the order named. It will be observed that the gasolene jet is used for starting and idling and that at Wider throttles the kerosene is admitted and the gasolene shut of. The change from gasoleneto kerosene is automatically accomplished by opening the throttle, and the construction of Figs. 6 and 7 embodies all the principles of construction of the one-fuel carbureter illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, and, in addition, this double fuel feature.

The present invention is not limted to the illustrated embodiment thereof, as it maybe embodied in other forms; thus, for

example, more or less air tubes may be emand other arrangements of the parts Within the scope of the'claims may be used. The words gasolene and kerosene, as used in the foregoing description, are not used in a limited sense but as definitive of fuels suitable for mixture With air to form a combustible mixtiire for use in internal combustion engines? u Having thus described the invention, what is claimed isz- 1.- A carbureter having, in combination, a mixing chamber provided with a gasolene supply and having an inlet at one end and an outlet at the other, the inlet being provided wth a high-speed valve and a lowspeed valve, and locln'ng means for locking both valves closed for starting. j

l2. A carbureter having, in combination, an elongated mixing chamber having. a main air inlet at one end, a discharge out-let at` the other,`air openings between its ends, jets in the air openings, and means for supplying the jets with different fuels.

3. A carbureter having, in combination, a mixing chamber provided with a single lateral air opening having a jet in the opening, means for supplying a more readily volatilizable fuel thereto, a plurality of lateral air openings-in the chamber each having a jet in the openings, and means vfor supplying a less readily volatilizable fuel to the jets in the latter openings.

4. A carbureter having, in combination, a mixing chamber provided with a lateral air opening and having a jet in the opening,

means for supplying a more readily volatilizable fuel to said jet, another lateral air openingin the chamber havin a jet in it, means for furnishing a less rea ily volatilizable fuel to said last-named jet, and means for controlling the air openings having provision for closing the former air opening with the opening of the latter air opening.

5. A carbureter having, in combination, a mixing chamber provided with alateral air opening having a gasolene jet in the opening and With a lateral opening having a kerosene jet in the opening, and a sleeve for closing the gasolene jet opening with the opening of the kerosene jet opening.

6. A carbureter having, in combination, a mixing chamber having an air inlet at one end and a discharge outlet at the other end,

and provided with lateral air openings each having a gasolene jet, each of said air openings being arranged out of line with all the other air openings.

7. A carbureter having, in combination, a mixing chamber having an air inlet at one end and a discharge outlet at the other end, and provided with lateral air openings, jets in the openings, and means for supplying one kind of fuel to one jet and another kind of fuel to another jet.

8. A carbureter having, in combination, a mixing chamber provided With an air inlet at one end and a discharge outlet at the other end, a source of fuel supply, a pipe leading therefrom encircling the mixing chamber, lateral air openings in the mixing chamber, and jets in the pipe and projecting one each into a lateral air opening.

9. A carbureter having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a source of fuel supply, a pipe leading therefrom and embracing the (mixing chamber, jets in the pipe, lateral air openings in the mixing chamber registering one each with the jets, and means for covering and uncovering the lateral openings serzatim.

10. Atarbureter having, in combination, an elongated mixing chamber having an air inlet at one end and a discharge outlet at the other end, and provided with lateral air openings each having a gasolene jet, a sleeve in the mixing chamber for opening the air openings successively, a throttle-controlled means for regulating the sleeve, and means unconnected with the throttle-controlled means for varying the amount of air` admitted to the mixing chamber by the air inlet.

WILLIAM SCOTT.

Witnesses:

Hormon VAN EvnREN, GEO. E. S'rEBINs.

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