US127050A - Improvement in brick-kilns - Google Patents

Description

S. M. HAMILTON. lmprovemen in Brick-Kiln.

Patented May 21,1872.

Witnesses Vlmprovemen't in Brick-Kiln l 3 Sheets--Sheeit13.'1 S. M. HAM IVLTN.

-nted May 21,872.

l l l V AM. Hara-Unionville co. .Kfassan/vfs P/eacsssJ 4heated gases or air under UNITED STATES* SILAS M. HAMILTON, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

`IMPROVEMENT IN BRICK-mms.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 127,050, dated May 21], 1872; antedaied May 6, 1872u To all whom it may concern: y y Be it known thatI, SILAsM. HAMILTON, of

the cityr and county of Baltimore and State of Maryland, have invented certain Improvements in Brick-Kilns; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawing making part of this specification, in which- Fignre l is a' perspective view of my improved kiln as it appears when empty, with the floor removed so as to show the flues underneath it for the passage of heated air or gases from the furnaces, and showing also the perforated rear end wall, the steam-generator and its furnace, the pipes for conducting the steam to the chimneys or uptakes, and the furnaces in which the fuel which burns the brick is placed, and the arrangement of such furnaces with references to the different compartments of the kiln. Fig. 2 is also a perspective view, showing the perforated uptakes and the manner of arranging them, the sliding partitions between the compartments and the manner of operating them, the `doors through which the bricks are passed to and from the kiln, and the furnaces in which the fuel is burned. Fig. 3 is a plan view, showing the location of the steam-generator, the furnaces in the front end of the kiln,'the uptakes, and the ues for the passage of the the oorfand the perforated rear wall. Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section online a' .fr of Fig. 3, showing the method of constructing the fines across the kiln, the manner of piling the bricks in the kiln,- and the sliding partitions. Fig; 5'is a transverse vertical section, showing the flues under the floor, the perforated uptakes,vand the ropes or chains and weights for operating the sliding partitions. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the plates or bricks which form the covers of the transverse iiues. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the block which is to be inserted in the furnaces where thesteam-pipes enter. Fig. 8 is a sectional elevationof the same. Fig. 9 is a perspective view, showing the manner of applying the plates covering the transverse flues.

Corresponding letters refer to corresponding parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to kilns for burning bricks; and it is designed as an improvement upon a series of patented kilns which have preceded it, two of which were granted to Silas M. Hamiltomand dated February 15,1870, and another to the same party, dated March 22, 1870. l

Experience in the business of constructing kilns for burningbricks has demonstrated the fact that the observance of certain rules or laws is necessary in order that the best practical results shall be arrived at: First, economy of fuel must be provided for, and to this end the construction and arrangement of the parts of the kiln must be such as to utilize lall or very nearly all of the heatV arising from the combustion of the fuel burned. Second, provision must be made for dividing the kiln into compartments, so that the surplus heat from one compartment can beused in expeL. ling the water-,smoke from the green bricks in another compartment and in burning them; and to this end the arrangement of the parts must be such that any heated" gases or air Awhich would otherwise pass off into the atmosphere from the compartment in which bricks are being burned shall be conducted into a compartment containing green bricks, and there so distributed as to heat the mass as evenly as possible. Third, provision must be made for 'an' equable division or distribution of the heat in the compartment in which, for the time being, the bricks are being burned; and for this purpose the arrangement mustbe such that the temperature in the different parts of such compartment can be reg ulated at pleasure. Fourth, provision must be made for the filling of each compartment with green bricks while the temperature in the other compartments is at any desired height;- and in order that this may be accomplished tight sliding partitions are furnished, which effect this result and at the same time admit of the kiln .being thrown into one compart# ment.

The object of this invention is to furnish a kiln which shall meet the requirements above stated; and to this end it consists in a novel :onstruction and arrangement of some of its parts, they-being designed to facilitate the operations abovealluded to, as will be more fully described hereinafter. I

' A A in the drawing refer to the compart'i ments of the kiln, of which there may be any number, from `two upward; but for convenience and economy'in time I prefer vto construct the kiln with from six to eight such compartments, they' being arranged as shown so as to form one continuous kiln, some of the compartments of vwhich may be lled and emptied while bricks are being burned in the others. The walls of this kiln may be made of common bricks or of stone,- or of any other suitable material, their thickness being sufficient to give the required strength to the structure. Al A1 refer to a series of lilues for the passage of heated air or gases. The office. of these flues is to conduct the heat caused by the combustionof the fuel in the furnaces of the rear compartment, while bricks are being burned therein, under the floor ofthe kiln, to the 4green bricks in ,the front one., or any of the'compartments in rear'of it, for the purpose of drying the bricks 4therein or for expelling therefrom the water-smoke. A2 refers to a perforated wall which is built up in the rear end of the kiln in such a manner as to leave a space between it and the outer end wall of the kiln, in order that the heat may pass from the rear compartment to the space between the walls at all points, and from such spacethrough the flues A1 A1l to the front compartment, or any one in rear of it.

' When the irst compartment is lled with green bricks, and it is desired to have a portion ofthe heat from the'rear compartment pass under the door of the kiln, ajet of steam is admitted into the uptakes in the rear of thefront compartment, which induces a draught through the flues and the uptakes. Or when it is desirable to take away any of the heat from the burning bricks or from the same after they have been burned, caps are placedl upon the upper ends of the uptakes, which are between the front and rear compartments, and a jet of steam is admitted to the front ones, vwhich has the effect to draw the heat either from the rear furnaces or from the bricks in the rear compartment through the flues, and thus utilize the heatin' expelling the Water-smoke from the green bricks in the front compartment. The same operation may be performed with reference to all of the other divisions of the kiln. A3 A3 refer to perforated chimneys or uptakes, which` maybe made of clay and burned like bricks, or they may be made of iron or any other suitable material. These chimneys are to be perforated upon their front sides-and, if found necessary, upon their edges-with a series of holes, small holes or apertures extending from a point near their lower ends toa point near the upperl surface of the bricks when piled in the kiln for burning, The position or 'arrangement of these uptakes with reference to the lines-A1, a-nd to the sliding partitions, is clear-V ly shown in Fig. 3, it being such that their lower ends communicate directly with said fines,

and that their rear surfaces come nearly in contact with the sliding partitions, thus, to some extent, forming aguide for such partitions. Arefers to the floor of the kiln, which forms the cover for the fine A1. B B refer to the furnaces of the front compartment, they being located in the fr ont wall of the kiln, and supplied with a grate, upon which the fuel lies while being burned, and with an ash-pit and doors inthe usualmanner. The rear ends of these furnaces, of which there may be any required number in proportion to the width of the kiln, communicate with the front compartp ment of the kiln so that the heat in passing l from them comes directly in contact with the bricks to be burned. There are two series of -these furnaces, one above the other, in order that when the bricks in the lower portion of the kiln have been sufiiciently burned the fires' in the lower series may be extinguished, and others lighted in the upper series, and thus the bricks in the lower portion of thecom'partment be prevented from being overheated.- B1r B1 refer to a series ofV furnaces, which are arranged upon the sides of the kiln, there being two double-tier furnaces to each compartmentV of the kiln. These furnaces are constructed, in all respects, like those above described, and are arranged with one grate above the other, and with their inner ends communicating with the' compartment to which they belong, for the purpose above described. B2 B2 refer to doors or passages, which are formed in the side walls of each compartment of the kiln, they being of sufficient size to permit aman to walkin or out, or, if desired, to permit of a horse and cart passing in or out, for the purpose of carrying in or removing the bricks'. G C refer to sliding partitions, which maybe made of castiron, but which are best when made of sheetiron. They are to be of sufficient length to extend across theV kiln, or they may be made in sections and held in guides secured to the uptakes, or to the walls of the kiln; their width being such as to cause their upper edges to be about iiush with the upper surface of the brick in the kiln when their lower edges rest upon the door thereof. These partitions are made to slide up and down in grooves formed in the side walls, or .in irons placed thereon for that purpose, or they may be made to slide horizontally in slots in the walls,they

forming the divisions between the different. compartments. C1 refers to atile or cover,

which is made of such material as lire-bricks are composed of. The form of this tile or cover is shown in Fig. 6 of the drawing, where it will be seen that it has one thick and one thin part, the object of which is to have the thick portion form the cover of certain passages,

- which are to be left in the mass of bricks as lly described hereinafter, while the thinner por-Y tion extends into or onto the bricks as they are piled in the kiln, for the purpose ofkeeping it in place,its position being clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 9. The transverse Iiues above referred to are" formed bythe green bricks as they are piled in the kiln, their positions being shown in the figure last alluded to. The plates or tiles C1 are supported intheir positions by their thin portions, which extend into the mass of green bricks, their opposite edges bearing against the sliding partitions, which arrangement renders them easy of application and removal. C2 refers toa plate of metal, orit may be of burned clay or of lirebrick,'which has a series of notches formed in one of its edges, they being so arranged as to permit them to iit upon the edges of uptakes while their under surfaces rest upon the covers (l1, thus forming atight joint around such uptakes, and preventing the escape of any heat at these points.

G3 refers to the covering of this kiln, which may be of metal, or of clay, or any other suitable material. D D refer to ropes or chains,

Y one of which is attached to each end of the sliding plates C, from which point it passes over pulleys D? D1 attached to the roof of the kiln or to posts erected for that purpose, its other end being supplied with a weight, D2, in orderthat, when it becomes necessary, the

partitions may be raised up out of theway, and i thus additional facilities offered for removing the bricks from the kiln, and also for allowing the heat to pass from one compartment to another. E refers to a roof, which may be placed over the entire kiln, if desired, it being supported upon posts,'the lower ends of "which rests in caps or platesof iron placed upon the side furnaces Bl Bl, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, said caps or plates being provided with ilanges for keeping them in position, the posts being made to support the pulleys or sheaves D1 D1, and at the same time to extend over and shelter the steam-generator. The posts may be secured upon the top of the furnaces by means of bent rods bolted to the posts and bent over the furnaces, to the sides of which they may be secured in any suitable manner. F refers toa steam-generator furnace, it having placed in it a generatorfor the purpose of generating steam for supplying jets to induce draught through the dierent parts of the kiln. This furnace is located in any convenient position; in this instance it is at one end ofthe kiln, and upon the outside thereof. It is to be supplied with the usual grates and ash-pit, and the generator is to be furnished with steam-pipes F1 F1, which lead the steam from the dome tothe different points ofthe kiln where it is to be used.

In Figs. 1 and 5 the arrangement of these pipes is clearly shown,iwhere it will be seen that they extend from the dome of the `generator to the upper surface of the wall of the kiln and entirely around the same, with branches leading to all of the furnaces of the kiln, both above and below or only-above or below the fuel, in order that theintensity of the temperature may be regulated according to the condition .of the burnin gibricks. There are also kiln, enables the cross ing room enough between them for the placing' therein of a cock or valve with which to regulate the flow of steam into the uptakes.

The advantage of this particular arrangement of the steam-pipes with reference to the uptakes is that the longitudinal portions thereof, being firmly secured to the side Walls of the conjunction with their short branches, which are firmly secured in the uptakes, to form a reliable support for such uptakes, and thus aid materially in retaining them in their vertical position.

F2 refers to bricks or blocks, which have a passage through them for the passage of steam and air. They are to be placed in the walls of the furnaces at about the points indicated in Fig. l. The construction of these bricks is shown at Figs. 7 and 8, where it will be seen that the aperture through them is funnel-shaped or largest near the ends, in order that, whenthe steam-pipe enters near the outer end, a space may be left for the entrance of aY jet of air around said pipes, and so that the air and steam may spread or expand as it leaves their inner ends.

The operation of this kiln will be as follows: The parts having been constructed and arranged substantially as described, the green bricks are wheeled or drawn through the side doors B2, and so piled in the compartments as to leave a free circulation of the heat between them, and so as to leave lateral flues, as shown in Figs. 4 and 9, the covers of these iiues being formed as above described and shown in the figures last referred to. l When the compartments or some of them have thus been filled, fires are lighted in the front furnaces B B, and at the same time in the steamgenerator furnace. When steam has been raised, the valves leading into the front row of uptakes are opened, and thus heat is caused to pass evenly through the bricks, and the temperature is increased by the use of the steam-jetsleading to said furnaces to any desired extent. When the bricks in this compartment are burned or before, if necessary, caps maybe placed over the uptakes, and the steam-jets opened into the next row of uptakes, and the sliding partitions raised, when the heat from the first compartment will be drawn into the one in rear of it, and there be utilized in drying and i burning the bricks; and this operation is to be repeated until the entire series of compartments have had their contents burned, the snrplus heat `from the rear compartment being drawn through the iiues in` or below the door of the kiln to thefront compartment or to any of those in rear of it, except the one in which the bricks are being burned by means of the steam-jets applied to theuptakes.

or lateral portions in What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a brick-kiln, constructed substantially as shown and described, I claim the arrangement of the furnaces, vertically-sliding partitions, perforated uptakes7 and horizontal ilues, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

2. I claim the tile or brick G1, when constructed substantially as described, for the purpose of forming the cap or cover for the transverse lues, herein described.

3. I claim the notched plate or brick C2, in combination with the tile G1 and uptakes A3, substantially as shown and described.

4. The tubular bricks F2, when the aperture is .made flaring from the center of the brick toward both sides, as shown, and for the purpose set forth.

' 5. I claim the combination and arrangement of the steam-pipes, the tubular bricks, and the furnaces B1, substantially as shown.

6. The combination and arrangement of the roof E, its supporting-posts, and the socketplates, which secure the posts to the top of the furnaces B1, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony Whereof I have signed my naine to this specication in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. i

SILAS M. HAMILTON.

Witnesses:

Jos. T. K. PLANT, W. A. Boss.

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